Global Estimate Of Lightning Energy Injected Into The Earths Plasmasphere

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The Earth's Plasmasphere

Author : Fabien Darrouzet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441913238
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis The Earth's Plasmasphere by : Fabien Darrouzet

Download or read book The Earth's Plasmasphere written by Fabien Darrouzet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-21 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: James L. Burch·C. Philippe Escoubet Originally published in the journal Space Science Reviews, Volume 145, Nos 1–2, 1–2. DOI: 10. 1007/s11214-009-9532-7 © Springer Science+Business Media B. V. 2009 The IMAGE and CLUSTER spacecraft have revolutionized our understanding of the inner magnetosphere and in particular the plasmasphere. Before launch, the plasmasphere was not a prime objective of the CLUSTER mission. In fact, CLUSTER might not have ever observed this region because a few years before the CLUSTER launch (at the beginning of the 1990s), it was proposed to raise the perigee of the orbit to 8 Earth radii to make multipoint measu- ments in the current disruption region in the tail. Because of ground segment constraints, this proposal did not materialize. In view of the great depth and breadth of plasmaspheric research and numerous papers published on the plasmasphere since the CLUSTER launch, this choice certainly was a judicious one. The fact that the plasmasphere was one of the prime targets in the inner magnetosphere for IMAGE provided a unique opportunity to make great strides using the new and comp- mentary measurements of the two missions. IMAGE, with sensitive EUV cameras, could for the rst time make global images of the plasmasphere and show its great variability d- ing storm-time. CLUSTER, with four-spacecraft, could analyze in situ spatial and temporal structures at the plasmapause that are particularly important in such a dynamic system.

Earth's Climate Response to a Changing Sun

Author : Katja Matthes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782759818495
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth's Climate Response to a Changing Sun by : Katja Matthes

Download or read book Earth's Climate Response to a Changing Sun written by Katja Matthes and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries, scientists have been fascinated by the role of the Sun in the Earth's climate system. Recent discoveries, outlined in this book, have gradually unveiled a complex picture, in which our variable Sun affects the climate variability via a number of subtle pathways, the implications of which are only now becoming clear. This handbook provides the scientifically curious, from undergraduate students to policy makers with a complete and accessible panorama of our present understanding of the Sun-climate connection. 61 experts from different communities have contributed to it, which reflects the highly multidisciplinary nature of this topic. The handbook is organised as a mosaic of short chapters, each of which addresses a specific aspect, and can be read independently. The reader will learn about the assumptions, the data, the models, and the unknowns behind each mechanism by which solar variability may impact climate variability. None of these mechanisms can adequately explain global warming observed since the 1950s. However, several of them do impact climate variability, in particular on a regional level. This handbook aims at addressing these issues in a factual way, and thereby challenge the reader to sharpen his/her critical thinking in a debate that is frequently distorted by unfounded claims.

International Aerospace Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 980 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :

Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Solar and Space Physics

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309313953
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar and Space Physics by : National Research Council

Download or read book Solar and Space Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2010, NASA and the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council to assemble a committee of experts to develop an integrated national strategy that would guide agency investments in solar and space physics for the years 2013-2022. That strategy, the result of nearly 2 years of effort by the survey committee, which worked with more than 100 scientists and engineers on eight supporting study panels, is presented in the 2013 publication, Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. This booklet, designed to be accessible to a broader audience of policymakers and the interested public, summarizes the content of that report.

Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling in the Solar System

Author : Charles R. Chappell
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119066875
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling in the Solar System by : Charles R. Chappell

Download or read book Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling in the Solar System written by Charles R. Chappell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over a half century of exploration of the Earth’s space environment, it has become evident that the interaction between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere plays a dominant role in the evolution and dynamics of magnetospheric plasmas and fields. Interestingly, it was recently discovered that this same interaction is of fundamental importance at other planets and moons throughout the solar system. Based on papers presented at an interdisciplinary AGU Chapman Conference at Yosemite National Park in February 2014, this volume provides an intellectual and visual journey through our exploration and discovery of the paradigm-changing role that the ionosphere plays in determining the filling and dynamics of Earth and planetary environments. The 2014 Chapman conference marks the 40th anniversary of the initial magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling conference at Yosemite in 1974, and thus gives a four decade perspective of the progress of space science research in understanding these fundamental coupling processes. Digital video links to an online archive containing both the 1974 and 2014 meetings are presented throughout this volume for use as an historical resource by the international heliophysics and planetary science communities. Topics covered in this volume include: Ionosphere as a source of magnetospheric plasma Effects of the low energy ionospheric plasma on the stability and creation of the more energetic plasmas The unified global modeling of the ionosphere and magnetosphere at the Earth and other planets New knowledge of these coupled interactions for heliophysicists and planetary scientists, with a cross-disciplinary approach involving advanced measurement and modeling techniques Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling in the Solar System is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of space and planetary science, atmospheric science, space physics, astronomy, and geophysics. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/filling-earths-space-environment-from-the-sun-or-the-earth

Saturn in the 21st Century

Author : Kevin H. Baines
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110710677X
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Saturn in the 21st Century by : Kevin H. Baines

Download or read book Saturn in the 21st Century written by Kevin H. Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed overview of Saturn's formation, evolution and structure written by eminent planetary scientists involved in the Cassini Orbiter mission.

Space Physics and Aeronomy, Magnetospheres in the Solar System

Author : Romain Maggiolo
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119507529
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Space Physics and Aeronomy, Magnetospheres in the Solar System by : Romain Maggiolo

Download or read book Space Physics and Aeronomy, Magnetospheres in the Solar System written by Romain Maggiolo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of current knowledge and future research directions in magnetospheric physics In the six decades since the term 'magnetosphere' was first introduced, much has been theorized and discovered about the magnetized space surrounding each of the bodies in our solar system. Each magnetosphere is unique yet behaves according to universal physical processes. Magnetospheres in the Solar System brings together contributions from experimentalists, theoreticians, and numerical modelers to present an overview of diverse magnetospheres, from the mini-magnetospheres of Mercury to the giant planetary magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. Volume highlights include: Concise history of magnetospheres, basic principles, and equations Overview of the fundamental processes that govern magnetospheric physics Tools and techniques used to investigate magnetospheric processes Special focus on Earth’s magnetosphere and its dynamics Coverage of planetary magnetic fields and magnetospheres throughout the solar system Identification of future research directions in magnetospheric physics The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief

Ring Current Investigations

Author : Vania K. Jordanova
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128155728
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Ring Current Investigations by : Vania K. Jordanova

Download or read book Ring Current Investigations written by Vania K. Jordanova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ring Current Investigations offers a comprehensive description of ring current dynamics in the Earth's magnetosphere as part of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system. In order to help researchers develop a deeper understanding of the fundamental physics of geomagnetic storms, it includes a detailed description of energetic charged particles injection, trapping, and loss. It reviews historical and recent advances in observations, measurements, theory and simulations of the inner magnetosphere and its coupling to the ionosphere and other surrounding plasma populations. In addition, it compares the physics of ring currents at other strongly magnetized planets in the solar system, specifically Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, with the ring current system at Earth. Providing a description of the most important space weather effects driven by inner magnetospheric energetic particles during geomagnetic storms and present capabilities for their nowcast and forecast, Ring Current Investigations is an important reference for researchers in geophysics and space science, especially related to plasma physics, the ionosphere and magnetosphere, solar-terrestrial relations, and spacecraft anomalies. - Includes an appendix with links to downloadable video clips, illustrating features of ring current and geomagnetic storm dynamics - Provides overview of existing state-of-the-art numerical models and links for open-source code downloads - Offers guidance on how to develop numerical models within the context of the present-day understanding

The Earth's Ionosphere

Author : Michael Kelly
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323148050
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis The Earth's Ionosphere by : Michael Kelly

Download or read book The Earth's Ionosphere written by Michael Kelly and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's Ionosphere: Plasma Physics and Electrodynamics emphasizes the study of plasma physics and electrodynamics of the ionosphere, including many aeronomical influences. The ionosphere is somewhat of a battleground between the earth's neutral atmosphere and the sun's fully ionized atmosphere, in which the earth is embedded. One of the challenges of ionosphere research is to know enough about these two vast fields of research to make sense out of ionospheric phenomena. This book provides insights into how these competing sources of mass, momentum, and energy compete for control of the ionosphere. Some of the topics discussed include the fundamentals of ionospheric plasma dynamics; equatorial plasma instabilities; high-latitude electrodynamics; and instabilities and structure in the high-latitude ionosphere. Throughout this text only the region above 90 km are discussed, ignoring the D region entirely. This publication is a good source of information for students and individuals conducting research on earth's ionosphere.

Circuit and Layout Techniques for Soft-error-resilient Digital CMOS Circuits

Author : Hsiao-Heng Kelin Lee
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Circuit and Layout Techniques for Soft-error-resilient Digital CMOS Circuits by : Hsiao-Heng Kelin Lee

Download or read book Circuit and Layout Techniques for Soft-error-resilient Digital CMOS Circuits written by Hsiao-Heng Kelin Lee and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation-induced soft errors are a major concern for modern digital circuits, especially memory elements. Unlike large Random Access Memories that can be protected using error-correcting codes and bit interleaving, soft error protection of sequential elements, i.e. latches and flip-flops, is challenging. Traditional techniques for designing soft-error-resilient sequential elements generally address single node errors, or Single Event Upsets (SEUs). However, with technology scaling, the charge deposited by a single particle strike can be simultaneously collected and shared by multiple circuit nodes, resulting in Single Event Multiple Upsets (SEMUs). In this work, we target SEMUs by presenting a design framework for soft-error-resilient sequential cell design with an overview of existing circuit and layout techniques for soft error mitigation, and introducing a new soft error resilience layout design principle called LEAP, or Layout Design through Error-Aware Transistor Positioning. We then discuss our application of LEAP to the SEU-immune Dual Interlocked Storage Cell (DICE) by implementing a new sequential element layout called LEAP-DICE, retaining the original DICE circuit topology. We compare the soft error performance of SEU-immune flip-flops with the LEAP-DICE flip-flop using a test chip in 180nm CMOS under 200-MeV proton radiation and conclude that 1) our LEAP-DICE flip-flop encounters on average 2,000X and 5X fewer errors compared to a conventional D flip-flop and our reference DICE flip-flop, respectively; 2) our LEAP-DICE flip-flop has the best soft error performance among all existing SEU-immune flip-flops; 3) In the evaluation of our design framework, we also discovered new soft error effects related to operating conditions such as voltage scaling, clock frequency setting and radiation dose.

The Dynamical Ionosphere

Author : Massimo Materassi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128147830
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dynamical Ionosphere by : Massimo Materassi

Download or read book The Dynamical Ionosphere written by Massimo Materassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dynamical Ionosphere: A Systems Approach to Ionospheric Irregularity examines the Earth's ionosphere as a dynamical system with signatures of complexity. The system is robust in its overall configuration, with smooth space-time patterns of daily, seasonal and Solar Cycle variability, but shows a hierarchy of interactions among its sub-systems, yielding apparent unpredictability, space-time irregularity, and turbulence. This interplay leads to the need for constructing realistic models of the average ionosphere, incorporating the increasing knowledge and predictability of high variability components, and for addressing the difficulty of dealing with the worst cases of ionospheric disturbances, all of which are addressed in this interdisciplinary book. Borrowing tools and techniques from classical and stochastic dynamics, information theory, signal processing, fluid dynamics and turbulence science, The Dynamical Ionosphere presents the state-of-the-art in dealing with irregularity, forecasting ionospheric threats, and theoretical interpretation of various ionospheric configurations. - Presents studies addressing Earth's ionosphere as a complex dynamical system, including irregularities and radio scintillation, ionospheric turbulence, nonlinear time series analysis, space-ionosphere connection, and space-time structures - Utilizes interdisciplinary tools and techniques, such as those associated with stochastic dynamics, information theory, signal processing, fluid dynamics and turbulence science - Offers new data-driven models for different ionospheric variability phenomena - Provides a synoptic view of the state-of-the-art and most updated theoretical interpretation, results and data analysis tools of the "worst case" behavior in ionospheric configurations

Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts

Author : M. Schulz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642656757
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts by : M. Schulz

Download or read book Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts written by M. Schulz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of artificial earth satellites in 1957-58 opened a new dimension in the field of geophysical exploration. Discovery of the earth's radiation belts, consisting of energetic electrons and ions (chiefly protons) trapped by the geomagnetic field, followed almost immediately [1,2]' This largely unexpected development spurred a continuing interest in magnetospheric exploration, which so far has led to the launching of several hundred carefully instrumented spacecraft. Since their discovery, the radiation belts have been a subject of intensive theoretical analysis also. Over the years, a semiquantitative understanding of the governing dynamical processes has gradually evol ved. The underlying kinematical framework of radiation-belt theory is given by the adiabatic theory of charged-particle motion [3J, and the interesting dynamical phenomena are associated with the violation of one or more of the kinematical invariants of adiabatic motion. Among the most important of the operative dynamical processes are those that act in a stochastic manner upon the radiation-belt particles. Such stochastic processes lead to the diffusion of particle distributions with respect to the adiabatic invariants. The observational data indicate that some form of particle diffusion plays an essential role in virtually every aspect of the radiation belts.

The Van Allen Probes Mission

Author : Nicola Fox
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781489978707
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (787 download)

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Book Synopsis The Van Allen Probes Mission by : Nicola Fox

Download or read book The Van Allen Probes Mission written by Nicola Fox and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents the science, the mission, the spacecraft and the instrumentation on a unique NASA mission to study the Earth’s dynamic, dangerous and fascinating Van Allen radiation belts that surround the planet This collection of articles provides broad and detailed information about NASA’s Van Allen Probes (formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes) twin-spacecraft Earth-orbiting mission. The mission has the objective of achieving predictive understanding of the dynamic, intense, energetic, dangerous, and presently unpredictable belts of energetic particles that are magnetically trapped in Earth’s space environment above the atmosphere. It documents the science of the radiation belts and the societal benefits of achieving predictive understanding. Detailed information is provided about the Van Allen Probes mission design, the spacecraft, the science investigations, and the onboard instrumentation that must all work together to make unprecedented measurements within a most unforgiving environment, the core of Earth’s most intense radiation regions. This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers active in space science, solar-terrestrial interactions and studies of the upper atmosphere. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179/1-4, 2013.

Source Variation and Ground Accessibility of Magnetospheric Mid-latitude ELF/VLF Chorus and Hiss

Author : Daniel Irving Golden
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Source Variation and Ground Accessibility of Magnetospheric Mid-latitude ELF/VLF Chorus and Hiss by : Daniel Irving Golden

Download or read book Source Variation and Ground Accessibility of Magnetospheric Mid-latitude ELF/VLF Chorus and Hiss written by Daniel Irving Golden and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution of relativistic electrons that form the Earth's radiation belts is extremely variable, with the trapped ﬂux changing by several orders of magnitude on timescales of a few hours to days. These energetic particles pose a significant hazard to satellites and astronauts in the near-Earth space environment. The dynamic evolution of the radiation belts is believed to be controlled in large part by two separate but related classes of naturally occurring plasma waves: extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ELF/VLF) chorus and hiss. This dissertation explores characteristics of chorus and hiss observed at Palmer Station, Antarctica with the goal of improving our ability to differentiate between variations in emission generation and the effects of emissions' propagation to the ground. Results are presented from a two-part study, consisting of both observations and modeling, which explores the manner in which the plasmapause affects the propagation of chorus from its magnetospheric source to the ground. Results indicate that the observed chorus propagates in a non-ducted mode, which is contrary to a long-standing belief that guiding structures are necessary for chorus to propagate to the ground. This newly-explored mode of ground propagation indicates that ground stations may be able to observe a larger portion of waves than previously thought and provides for a more accurate interpretation of ground-observed waves and their influence on energetic particle distributions. Following this, an automated system of detecting chorus and hiss in broadband ELF/VLF data using neural networks is discussed. Results of running the automated detector on ten years of data are discussed including diurnal, seasonal and solar cyclical variations of emissions.

Nuclear Science Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1756 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Science Abstracts by :

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Subsampling GPS Receiver Front-end

Author : Carsten Barth
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Subsampling GPS Receiver Front-end by : Carsten Barth

Download or read book Subsampling GPS Receiver Front-end written by Carsten Barth and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in RFIC design has recently shifted towards direct conversion and subsampling architectures as an alternative to the conventional super-heterodyne architectures. Bandpass sampling architectures, also called subsampling architectures, exhibit several advantages over super-heterodyne architectures, notably, the complexity of subsampling architectures is significantly lower since no phase-locked loop is required. A direct consequence is that downconversion from RF to IF can be achieved with significant power savings as compared to the super-heterodyne architecture. Another significant benefit of such architectures is the capability for processing multiple signals in parallel. The ability to simultaneously handle multiple carriers makes subsampling architectures particularly well suited for GNSS applications, as downconversion of multiple frequency bands is required in GNSS environments. With the advent of the new civilian GPS signals, L2C and L5, and the onset of the new Galileo signal, a receiver that can process multiple signals without adding complexity, is highly desired. An integrated proof-of-concept subsampling GPS receiver front-end in 130 nm BiCMOS is presented in this dissertation. The receiver achieves a noise figure of less than 3.8 dB, the lowest ever recorded noise figure of a subsampling based receiver.

Introduction to Space Physics

Author : Margaret G. Kivelson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521457149
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (571 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Space Physics by : Margaret G. Kivelson

Download or read book Introduction to Space Physics written by Margaret G. Kivelson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-04-28 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All aspects of space plasmas in the Solar System are introduced and explored in this text for senior undergraduate and graduate students. Introduction to Space Physics provides a broad, yet selective, treatment of the complex interactions of the ionized gases of the solar terrestrial environment. The book includes extensive discussion of the Sun and solar wind, the magnetized and unmagnetized planets, and the fundamental processes of space plasmas including shocks, plasma waves, ULF waves, wave particle interactions, and auroral processes. The text devotes particular attention to space plasma observations and integrates these with phenomenological and theoretical interpretations. Highly coordinated chapters, written by experts in their fields, combine to provide a comprehensive introduction to space physics. Based on an advanced undergraduate and graduate course presented in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles, the text will be valuable to both students and professionals in the field.