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Gibrats Law
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Book Synopsis Gibrat's Law by : David B. Audretsch
Download or read book Gibrat's Law written by David B. Audretsch and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several noted surveys on intra-industry dynamics have recently reached the conclusion from a large body of evidence that Gibrat's Law does not hold. However, almost all of these studies have been based on manufacturing. There are compelling reasons to doubt whether these findings hold for the services. In this paper we examine whether the basic tenet underlying Gibrat's Law - that growth rates are independent of firm size - can be rejected for the services as it has been for manufacturing. Based on a large sample of Dutch firms the evidence suggests that growth rates are, in fact, independent of firm size. Validation of Gibrat's Law in the services suggests that the dynamics of industrial organisation for services may not simply mirror that for manufacturing.
Book Synopsis Entrepreneurship, Growth, and Innovation by : Enrico Santarelli
Download or read book Entrepreneurship, Growth, and Innovation written by Enrico Santarelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-29 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of different national cases (including, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, the Netherlands, and the United States) puts forward that the relationship between entrepreneurship and growth (via innovation) is shaped by the context of country-specific institutions and industries, thereby providing hints for industrial and innovation policy.
Book Synopsis Theory of Zipf's Law and Beyond by : Alexander I. Saichev
Download or read book Theory of Zipf's Law and Beyond written by Alexander I. Saichev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-04 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zipf’s law is one of the few quantitative reproducible regularities found in e- nomics. It states that, for most countries, the size distributions of cities and of rms (with additional examples found in many other scienti c elds) are power laws with a speci c exponent: the number of cities and rms with a size greater thanS is inversely proportional toS. Most explanations start with Gibrat’s law of proportional growth but need to incorporate additional constraints and ingredients introducing deviations from it. Here, we present a general theoretical derivation of Zipf’s law, providing a synthesis and extension of previous approaches. First, we show that combining Gibrat’s law at all rm levels with random processes of rm’s births and deaths yield Zipf’s law under a “balance” condition between a rm’s growth and death rate. We nd that Gibrat’s law of proportionate growth does not need to be strictly satis ed. As long as the volatility of rms’ sizes increase asy- totically proportionally to the size of the rm and that the instantaneous growth rate increases not faster than the volatility, the distribution of rm sizes follows Zipf’s law. This suggests that the occurrence of very large rms in the distri- tion of rm sizes described by Zipf’s law is more a consequence of random growth than systematic returns: in particular, for large rms, volatility must dominate over the instantaneous growth rate.
Book Synopsis Order without Design by : Alain Bertaud
Download or read book Order without Design written by Alain Bertaud and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that operational urban planning can be improved by the application of the tools of urban economics to the design of regulations and infrastructure. Urban planning is a craft learned through practice. Planners make rapid decisions that have an immediate impact on the ground—the width of streets, the minimum size of land parcels, the heights of buildings. The language they use to describe their objectives is qualitative—“sustainable,” “livable,” “resilient”—often with no link to measurable outcomes. Urban economics, on the other hand, is a quantitative science, based on theories, models, and empirical evidence largely developed in academic settings. In this book, the eminent urban planner Alain Bertaud argues that applying the theories of urban economics to the practice of urban planning would greatly improve both the productivity of cities and the welfare of urban citizens. Bertaud explains that markets provide the indispensable mechanism for cities’ development. He cites the experience of cities without markets for land or labor in pre-reform China and Russia; this “urban planners’ dream” created inefficiencies and waste. Drawing on five decades of urban planning experience in forty cities around the world, Bertaud links cities’ productivity to the size of their labor markets; argues that the design of infrastructure and markets can complement each other; examines the spatial distribution of land prices and densities; stresses the importance of mobility and affordability; and critiques the land use regulations in a number of cities that aim at redesigning existing cities instead of just trying to alleviate clear negative externalities. Bertaud concludes by describing the new role that joint teams of urban planners and economists could play to improve the way cities are managed.
Book Synopsis Gibrat's Law Reconsidered by : Zoltán J. Acs
Download or read book Gibrat's Law Reconsidered written by Zoltán J. Acs and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Defending Gibrat's Law as a Long Run Regularity by :
Download or read book Defending Gibrat's Law as a Long Run Regularity written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Generalized Gibrat's Law by : Juan Carlos Cordoba
Download or read book A Generalized Gibrat's Law written by Juan Carlos Cordoba and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many economic and non-economic variables such as income, wealth, firm size, or city size often distribute Pareto in the upper tail. It is well established that Gibrat's law can explain this phenomenon, but Gibrat's law often does not hold. This note characterizes a class of processes, one that includes Gibrat's law as a special case, that can explain Pareto distributions. Of particular importance is a parsimonious generalization of Gibrat's law that allows size to affect the variance of the growth process but not its mean. This note also shows that under plausible conditions Zipf's law is equivalent to Gibrat's law.
Download or read book The Growth of Firms written by Alex Coad and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into firm growth has been accumulating at a terrific pace, and Alex Coad s survey of this multifaceted field provides a detailed, comprehensive overview of the latest developments. Much progress has been made in empirical research into firm growth in recent decades due to factors such as the availability of detailed longitudinal datasets, more powerful computers and new econometric techniques. This book provides an up-to-date catalogue of empirical work, as well as a coherent theoretical structure within which these new results can be interpreted and understood. It brings together a large body of recent research on firm growth from a multidisciplinary perspective, providing an up-to-date synthesis of stylized facts and empirical regularities. Numerous empirical findings and theories of firm growth are also surveyed and compared in order to evaluate their validity. Drawing on a vast and diverse body of research, this book will prove invaluable to students, academics, policy makers and practitioners with a need to keep abreast of studies in industrial organization, firm growth and management.
Book Synopsis Gibrat's Law Does Not Imply Zipf's Law by : Spyros Skouras
Download or read book Gibrat's Law Does Not Imply Zipf's Law written by Spyros Skouras and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note contests a widely cited, used and derived 'result' according to which Gibrat's law implies Zipf's law. I show that this result is only true under strict, unrecognized and ad hoc additional conditions some of which are even inconsistent with the economic models that have been used to explain Zipf's law. The widespread confusion regarding the relationship between Gibrat and Zipf laws derives from the mathematically subtle effect on dynamics of lower boundaries in Gibrat processes. In order to make my argument concrete, I illustrate in the context of a paper widely credited for explaining Zipf's law.
Book Synopsis Gibrat's Law Redux: Think Profitability Instead of Growth by : Philipp Mundt
Download or read book Gibrat's Law Redux: Think Profitability Instead of Growth written by Philipp Mundt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gibrat's Law written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Further Investigation of Gibrat's Law by : Mark Leonard Waring
Download or read book A Further Investigation of Gibrat's Law written by Mark Leonard Waring and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gibrat's Law for (All) Cities by : Yannis M. Ioannides
Download or read book Gibrat's Law for (All) Cities written by Yannis M. Ioannides and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We establish that the debate between Eeckhout (2004; 2009) and Levy (2009) has still not resolved the key issue of whether the distribution of large US urban places in 2000 is consistent with a lognormal for the entire size range. We resolve this by introducing a new distribution function which switches between a lognormal and a power distribution and estimating it with the data used by Eeckhout and Levy (2009). We find that there is a sudden transition from lognormality to power behavior as city populations increase above 100,000. Gibrat's law holds for most cities but a power law holds for most of the population.
Book Synopsis Special Issue: Gazelles, Growth Process and Gibrat's Law by : Erik Stam
Download or read book Special Issue: Gazelles, Growth Process and Gibrat's Law written by Erik Stam and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Entrepreneurship by : Simon C. Parker
Download or read book The Economics of Entrepreneurship written by Simon C. Parker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of The Economics of Entrepreneurship is an essential resource for scholars following the current state of this fast-moving field, covering a broad range of topics in unparalleled depth. Designed to be used both as a textbook for specialist degree courses on the economics of entrepreneurship, and as a reference text for academic research in the field, the book draws on theoretical insights and recent empirical findings to show how economics can contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurship. New topics, such as crowdfunding, entrepreneurship education and microenterprise field experiments, appear for the first time, while existing treatments of topics like regional entrepreneurship, innovation and public policy are considerably deepened. Parker also discusses new empirical methods, including quasi-experimental methods and field experiments. Every section - indeed every page - of the new edition has been updated, resulting in a rigorous scientific account of entrepreneurship today.
Book Synopsis Innovation and Small Firms by : Zoltán J. Ács
Download or read book Innovation and Small Firms written by Zoltán J. Ács and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilizing a unique data set, Zoltan Acs and David Audretsch provide a rich empirical analysis of the increased importance of small firms in generating technological innovations and their growing contribution to the U.S. economy. They identify the contributions made by both small and large firms to the innovative process and the manner in which market structure, and the firm-size distribution in particular, responds to technological change. The authors' analysis relies on traditional theories of industrial organization and tests existing hypotheses, many of them previously untested due to data constraints. Innovation and Small Firms brings together two large data bases recently released by the U. S. Small Business Administration - one directly measuring innovative activity for large and small firms, the other providing a detailed census of economic activity for all manufacturing firms and plants across a broad spectrum of industries. Acs and Audretsch describe and evaluate the data bases in the context of the literature on innovation, market structure, and firm size. They present their findings on the presence of small firms, small-firm entry in manufacturing, small-firm growth and flexible technology, and mobility and firm size. They compare static and dynamic measures of small-firm viability and address the relationships between R&D, innovation, and productivity, and analyze the interaction between technological regimes and the role of government in innovation.
Book Synopsis Skew Distributions and the Sizes of Business Firms by : Yuji Ijiri
Download or read book Skew Distributions and the Sizes of Business Firms written by Yuji Ijiri and published by North-Holland. This book was released on 1977 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
