The Third Reich in Antarctica: the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938-39

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781720918899
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis The Third Reich in Antarctica: the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938-39 by : Colin Summerhayes

Download or read book The Third Reich in Antarctica: the German Antarctic Expedition, 1938-39 written by Colin Summerhayes and published by . This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origins of the Third German Antarctic Expedition lie in a unique combination of the aspirations of German scientists to contribute to exploring and understanding the Antarctic environment, and the Nazi Parti's drive for self-sufficiency on the road to war. Germany had joined the whaling nations in the South Atlantic, keen to obtain whale oil without having to use valuable foreign currency reserves needed for rearmament. It decided to explore the possibility of setting up a supply base on the coast of Dronning Maud Land and to claim Antarctic territory there for itself. Councillor of State Helmut Wohlthat, the man in charge of German whaling, put this idea to his superior, Hermann Goring, the Commissioner for the Four Year Plan for economic development who approved the concept, and in May 1938 assigned resources for a reconnaissance expedition.Thus the Third German Antarctic Expedition was born. When they set sail they did not even have a map of where they were going and it was their job to make one. The expedition was led by Alfred Ritscher, a captain in the German merchant navy, aboard the MS Schwabenland, a freighter built in 1925 and renamed after the Swabia region in Southern Germany. On January 19, 1939, it arrived off Dronning Maud Land and began charting the region. Nazi German flags were placed on the sea ice along the coast and the area was named Neuschwabenland after the ship. Seven photographic survey flights were made by the ship's two seaplanes which took more than 16,000 aerial photographs covering an area of some 250,000 square kilometres. On its return trip to Germany the expedition made oceanographic studies near Bouvet Island and Fernando de Noronha. This is the story of an ambitious and little-known expedition, which set out to map a large piece of Antarctica from the air, and in the process discovered an 800 km long mountain range and previously unsuspected freshwater lakes.

Germany's Antarctic Claim

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Germany's Antarctic Claim by : Ernst Zündel

Download or read book Germany's Antarctic Claim written by Ernst Zündel and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Germany's Antarctic claim

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Germany's Antarctic claim by : Christof Friedrich

Download or read book Germany's Antarctic claim written by Christof Friedrich and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Antarctic Policymaking and Science in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany (1957-1990)

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Publisher : Barkhuis
ISBN 13 : 9077922601
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (779 download)

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Book Synopsis Antarctic Policymaking and Science in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany (1957-1990) by : Benjamin Peter Abbink

Download or read book Antarctic Policymaking and Science in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany (1957-1990) written by Benjamin Peter Abbink and published by Barkhuis. This book was released on 2009 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this study is on Dutch Antarctic policy. In order to explain Dutch Antarctic policy from the late 1950s until 1990 and to place it in a broader context, Dutch policy will be compared with the Antarctic policies of Belgium and Germany (Federal Republic of Germany, FRG) in the same period. 6 The comparison offers insights into the functioning of the ATS and into the roles - if any - of the three countries in this international regime in the period under investigation. This adds another central question to this research: How does Dutch Antarctic policy compare with the Belgian and German Antarctic policies in the same period?

Germans in the Antarctic

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030409244
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Germans in the Antarctic by : Cornelia Lüdecke

Download or read book Germans in the Antarctic written by Cornelia Lüdecke and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While science was usually at the forefront of German Antarctic expeditions, research into the Southern Polar region always had a political or economic component, whether it was about resource use or securing areas of influence. Cornelia Lüdecke presents the course of the three German Antarctic expeditions from 1901-03, 1911-12 and 1938/39 with their partly dramatic turns and twists and provides insights into everyday life under extreme conditions. She also evaluates unpublished material from the archives and private estates of the expedition members. She looks at the expeditions from a scientific and political point of view and also deals with the myths associated with the "Schwabenland" expedition during the National Socialist era. Finally, the author describes German south polar research after World War II, which took different paths in the German Democratic Republic and in the Federal Republic of Germany, and gives an outlook on future research. For the first time, this book presents the history of the Germans in Antarctica in a factual and informative way for the general public. With numerous pictures, some of which have never been published before.

Antarctica, Research Stations and Territorial Claims

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Antarctica, Research Stations and Territorial Claims by : United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Download or read book Antarctica, Research Stations and Territorial Claims written by United States. Central Intelligence Agency and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hitler's Antarctic Base: the Myth and the Reality

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781720666349
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (663 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler's Antarctic Base: the Myth and the Reality by : Colin Summerhayes

Download or read book Hitler's Antarctic Base: the Myth and the Reality written by Colin Summerhayes and published by . This book was released on 2016-05 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Secrets of the Third Reich's Base in Antarctica A remarkable event occurred in 1999, but only specialists paid adequate attention to it. A research expedition discovered a virus in Antarctica; at that, neither people nor animals had immunity to the virus. After all, Antarctica is far away, for this very reason the virus cannot be dangerous for the rest of the planet, especially the dangerous discovery was deep in the permafrost. However, scientists say that against the background of a global warming threatening the Earth, the unknown virus can cause an awful catastrophe on the planet. Expert Tom Starmerue from the University of New York also shares the pessimistic forecasts of his colleagues. "We don't know what the mankind will face in the South Pole in the nearest time due to the global warming. It is not ruled out that an unbelievable catastrophe may break out. Viruses protected with a protein cover survive even in the permafrost; as soon as the temperature gets warmer they will immediately start reproducing." American scientists treated the Antarctica discovery very seriously and even organized a special expedition that currently tests the ice for unknown viruses in order to develop an antidote in good time. What is the source of the virus in Antarctica where only penguins can survive in the ice? There is no answer to the question, specialists are at a loss. However, several theories concerning the problem have been put forward. We would like to touch upon the most interesting of them. A majority of scientists are inclined to believe that prehistoric forms of life probably survived in the permafrost. There are more versions that are interesting and sometimes quite unusual. Some specialists blame bonzes of the Third Reich for delivery of a secretly developed bacteriological weapon to Antarctica. And this theory arose not in a vacuum. It is known that already in 1938 Nazis suddenly became interested in Antarctica, they organized two expeditions to the area in 1938-1939. At first, planes of the Third Reich took detailed pictures of unexplored territories and then they dropped several thousands of metal pennons with swastika there. The whole of the explored territory was called Neuschwabenland and was considered a part of the Third Reich. After the expedition, Captain Ritscher reported to Field-Marshal Hering: "The planes dropped the pennons each 25 kilometers; we covered the area of about 8.600 thousand square meters. 350 thousand square meters of them were photographed." In 1943, Grand Admiral Karl Donitz dropped a remarkable phrase: "Germany's submarine fleet is proud that it created an unassailable fortress for the Fuhrer on the other end of the world." Submarines were mostly used for transportation of necessary freight to the place. The submarines also received passengers whose faces were hidden behind surgical bands. Wilhelm Bernhard was commander of one of the submarines, U-530; the submarine left the port of Kiel on April 13, 1945. When it reached the shores of Antarctica, 16 members from the crew built an ice cave and put boxes into the cave; it was allegedly said that the boxes contained relics of the Third Reich, including Hitler's documents and personal stuff. The operation was code named Valkyrie-2. When the operation was over on July 10, 1945, the submarine U-530 entered the Argentinean port of Mar-del-Plata and surrendered to the authorities. It is also supposed that another submarine from the formation, U-977, under the command of Heinz Scheffer, delivered the remains of Hitler and Braun to Neuschwabenland. It followed the route of the U-530 submarine and called at Antarctica. The sub arrived in Mar-del-Plata on Aug. 17, 1945.

The Antarctic: A Very Short Introduction

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191633518
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Antarctic: A Very Short Introduction by : Klaus Dodds

Download or read book The Antarctic: A Very Short Introduction written by Klaus Dodds and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antarctic is one the most hostile natural environments in the world. It is an extraordinary physical space, which changes significantly in shape and size with the passing of the seasons. Politically, it is unique as it contains one of the few areas of continental space not claimed by any nation-state. Scientifically, the continental ice sheet has provided us with vital evidence about the Earth's past climate. In this Very Short Introduction, Klaus Dodds provides a modern account of Antarctica, highlighting the main issues facing the continent today. Looking at how the Antarctic has been explored and represented in the last hundred years, Dodds considers the main exploratory and scientific achievements of the region. He explains how processes such as globalization mean that the Antarctic is increasingly involved in a wider circuit of ideas, goods, people, trade, and governance - all of which have an impact on the future of the region. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

German Exploration of the Polar World

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Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803232051
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis German Exploration of the Polar World by : David Thomas Murphy

Download or read book German Exploration of the Polar World written by David Thomas Murphy and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: German Exploration of the Polar World is the exciting story of the generations of German polar explorers who braved the perils of the Arctic and Antarctic for themselves and their country. Such intrepid adventurers as Wilhelm Filchner, Erich von Drygalski, and Alfred Wegener are not as well known today as Robert Falcon Scott, Roald Amundsen, Ernest Shackleton, Robert E. Peary, or Richard E. Byrd, but their bravery and the hardships they faced were equal to those of the more famous polar explorers. In the half-century prior to World War II, the poles were the last blank spaces on the global map, and they exerted a tremendous pull on national imaginations. Under successive political regimes, the Germans threw themselves into the race for polar glory with an ardor that matched their better-known counterparts bearing English, American, and Norwegian flags. German polar explorers were driven, like their rivals, by a complex web of interlocking motivations. Personal fame, the romance of the unknown, and the advancement of science were important considerations, but public pressure, political and military concerns, and visions of immense, untapped wealth at the poles also spurred the explorers. As historian David Thomas Murphy shows, Germany's repeated encounters with the polar world left an indelible impression upon the German public, government, and scientific community. Reports on the polar landscape, flora, and fauna enhanced Germany's appreciation of the global environment. Accounts of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic, accurate or fantastic, permanently shaped German notions of culture and civilization. The final, failed attempt by the Nazis to extend German political power to the earth's ends revealed the limits of any country's ability to reshape the globe politically or militarily.

The Third Reich in Antarctica

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781852971038
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Third Reich in Antarctica by : Cornelia Lüdecke

Download or read book The Third Reich in Antarctica written by Cornelia Lüdecke and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 896 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States by : United States. Department of State

Download or read book Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dark Fleet

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1591433452
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Dark Fleet by : Len Kasten

Download or read book Dark Fleet written by Len Kasten and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals the Nazi-Reptilian infiltration of the U.S. government, their secret space program, and their slave colonies throughout the solar system • Details “Operation Paperclip,” which enabled Nazis and their Reptilian partners to infiltrate the U.S. military-industrial complex, including NASA and the CIA • Reveals their interstellar space ports in Antarctica and on Mars, their base on the Moon, and their alien technologies, including nano-technology, antigravity propulsion, mass mind control, and hyperdimensional teleportation capabilities • Shares testimonies from American and British “supersoldiers” who participated in the “20 and Back” age-regression programs, revealing advanced human technology and our Space Armada that constitutes a counter-balance to the Nazi Dark Fleet The Nazis did not really lose World War II. They made it appear that way in order to divert attention from the alliance between the Fourth Reich and the race of aliens known as the Reptilians--an ancient galactic civilization obsessed with conquest and domination. After the German surrender in 1945, the Nazi-Reptilian alliance infiltrated the U.S. military-industrial complex. Through “Operation Paperclip,” the Nazis and Reptilians removed their political opponents, such as the Kennedys, and moved into policy-making positions in post-war America, infiltrating aerospace companies, banking, media, and the U.S. government, including NASA and the CIA. But their real target was not the United States--it was the solar system. As Len Kasten reveals in startling detail--including revelations of antigravity propulsion technology, alien techniques of mass mind control, and hyperdimensional teleportation capabilities--the Nazi-Reptilian alliance used their newfound power, wealth, and influence to launch a Secret Space Program with interstellar spaceports in Antarctica and on Mars as well as an eleven-story base of operations on the Moon. They commenced mining and manufacturing operations on Mars and Ceres, forming colonies there and elsewhere in the solar system. And, most shocking, they have used thousands of human slaves, easily transported in their spaceships, for both work and sexual exploitation. Sharing testimonies from American and British “supersoldiers” who participated in the “20 and Back” age-regression programs, Kasten reveals the various forces inside and outside government that are resisting the Nazis and thwarting Reptilian attempts to achieve total dominance of the planet and the solar system. The U.S.-led Secret Space Program has its own fleet of spaceships, the Solar Warden Space Armada, which patrols the edges of the solar system and poses a growing threat to the Nazi Dark Fleet.

Man-made UFOs, 1944-1994

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Publisher : Adventures Unlimited Press
ISBN 13 : 9780932813237
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Man-made UFOs, 1944-1994 by : Renato Vesco

Download or read book Man-made UFOs, 1944-1994 written by Renato Vesco and published by Adventures Unlimited Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and in-depth look at the early 'flying saucer technology' of Nazi Germany and the genesis of early man-made UFOs. From captured German scientists, escaped battalions of German soldiers, secret communities in South America and Antarctica to today's state-of-the-art 'Dreamland' flying machines, the astonishing book blows the lid off the 'Government UFO Conspiracy'. Examined in detail are secret underground airfields and factories; German secret weapons; 'suction' aircraft; the origin of NASA; gyroscopic stabilisers and engines; the secret Marconi aircraft factory in South America, and other secret societies, both ancient and modern, that have kept this craft a secret, and much more.

Antarctica in International Law

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178225885X
Total Pages : 1136 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Antarctica in International Law by : Ben Saul

Download or read book Antarctica in International Law written by Ben Saul and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antarctica, one of the world's last great wildernesses, presents special challenges for international law. Fears that Antarctica would become a front in the Cold War catalysed agreement on the 1959 Antarctic Treaty which neither legitimised nor challenged the existing sovereign claims to the continent. The unique Antarctic Treaty System has provided the foundation for peaceful, harmonious and effective governance. There are, however, new anxieties about the frozen continent and the Southern Ocean. Antarctica already feels the effects of climate change and ocean acidification. Claimant states assert rights to the Antarctic continental shelf and interest in Antarctic resources grows. Tourism brings new environmental and safety risks. China and other powers are increasing their activities, with some questioning the consensus of the 'Antarctic club'. Security concerns are increasingly discussed, despite Antarctica's dedication to peaceful purposes. This book brings together the main primary international materials concerning the regulation and governance of Antarctica, including multilateral and bilateral treaties, United Nations materials, 'soft laws' and judicial decisions. It covers the spectrum of Antarctic issues from environmental protection to scientific cooperation to tourism. As it shows, Antarctic law has constantly adapted to meet new challenges and is a sophisticated, inclusive, dynamic and responsive regime.

The International Law of Antarctica

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004639284
Total Pages : 641 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis The International Law of Antarctica by : Emilio J. Sahurie

Download or read book The International Law of Antarctica written by Emilio J. Sahurie and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antarctica is the last, most inhospitable frontier on earth, yet it presents a great number of unresolved conflicts between nations, individuals, environmentalists, scientists and business groups. The International Law of Antarctica addresses the crucial question of how international law can respond to claims that will certainly shape tomorrow's Antarctica. The author adopts a policy-oriented approach and focuses on the primary issue of determining the effective norms by which the process of value shaping and sharing develops in Antarctica, and to what extent such norms satisfy the prevailing aspirations of the world community. Where discrepancies are significant policies are proposed that may better meet such aspirations, as well as methods for their implementation. Part I of this study describes the social, power, and legal processes relating to Antarctica; reviews the geographic, technological, economic, and historical context in which these processes evolve, and how their special features affect such processes; and finally postulates the basic community policies with reference to which the process of claims and decisions in Antarctica are analyzed. Part II focuses on national claims to Antarctica by reviewing claims relating to the modes to establish exclusive appropriation of the area. Part III is a detailed examination of specific claims to Antarctica resources: claims to mineral and living resources, and claims relating to space-extension resources, namely, Antarctica sea and air space. It is concluded by an appraisal of the congruence of the existing order of Antarctica with the postulated basic policies, critically reviewing proposals for a new order, and advancing long-term and more immediate alternatives.

National Interests in Antarctica, an Annotated Bibliography, 1959

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis National Interests in Antarctica, an Annotated Bibliography, 1959 by : United States. Navy Department. Naval Operations Office

Download or read book National Interests in Antarctica, an Annotated Bibliography, 1959 written by United States. Navy Department. Naval Operations Office and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All categories of published literature affecting national claims.

The Future of Antarctica

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811670951
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Antarctica by : Jeffrey McGee

Download or read book The Future of Antarctica written by Jeffrey McGee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global great power competition intensifies, there is growing concern about the geopolitical future of Antarctica. This book delves into the question of how can we anticipate, prepare for, and potentially even shape that future? Now in its 60th year, the Antarctic Treaty System has been comparatively resilient and successful in governing the Antarctic region. This book assesses how our ability to make accurate predictions about the future of the Antarctic Treaty System reduces rapidly in the face of political and biophysical complexity, uncertainty, and the passage of time. This poses a critical risk for organisations making long-range decisions about their policy, strategy, and investments in the frozen south. Scenarios are useful planning tools for considering futures beyond the limits of standard prediction. This book explores how a multi-disciplinary focus of classical geopolitics might be applied systematically to create scenarios on Antarctic futures that are plausible, rigorous, and robust. This book illustrates a pragmatic, nine-step scenario development process, using the topical issue of military activities in Antarctica. Along the way, the authors make suggestions to augment current theory and practice of geopolitical scenario planning. In doing so, this book seeks to rediscover the importance of a classical (primarily state-centric) lens on Antarctic geopolitics, which in recent decades has been overshadowed by more critical perspectives. This book is written for anyone with an interest in the rigorous assessment of geopolitical futures - in Antarctica and beyond.