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Geomechanical Reservoir Model Calibration And Uncertainty Assessment From Microseismic Data
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Book Synopsis Geomechanical Reservoir Model Calibration and Uncertainty Assessment from Microseismic Data by : Mohammadali Tarrahi
Download or read book Geomechanical Reservoir Model Calibration and Uncertainty Assessment from Microseismic Data written by Mohammadali Tarrahi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic stimulation of low permeability rocks in unconventional reservoirs has been observed to trigger microearthquakes (MEQs). Triggering of the MEQ events has been linked to the pore pressure, temperature, and in-situ stress variations which result in crack initiation. The resulting clouds of micro-seismic events are believed to carry information about the underlying coupled flow, geomechanics, and thermal processes and hence rock hydraulic and geomechanical property distributions. We develop a probabilistic framework called stochastic seismicity-based reservoir characterization (SSBRC) to integrate microseismic events to infer reservoir property distributions. To model the geothermal reservoir stimulation, a fully coupled thermo-poroelastic finite element method (FEM) model has been developed to handle the coupled process of heat transport, fluid flow, and rock deformation. To simulate the stimulation process, an alternate simplistic approach is also acquired based on a major hypothesis that MEQ events are triggered by an increase in pore pressure. Based on this hypothesis, the distribution of the resulting microseismicity clouds can be viewed as monitoring data that carry important information about the spatial distribution of rock permeability. We apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to integrate the resulting continuous seismicity map to estimate hydraulic and geomechanical property distributions. We demonstrate that the standard application of the EnKF with such large correlated datasets can result in substantial loss of ensemble spread. We investigate three alternative implementation methods to mitigate this issue. We first present the methodology proposed for MEQ data integration with the EnKF, followed by a number of examples of applying SSBRC to both forward modeling methods to illustrate the uncertainty underestimation effect when the standard EnKF is applied to large-scale seismicity density map data. We then discuss the proposed methods for improving the uncertainty quantification results and illustrate the effectiveness of these methods by applying them to a number of numerical examples. We also apply and extend the proposed microseismic data integration method to unconventional reservoir with horizontal well and multistage hydraulic fractures to characterize the reservoir and induced fractures. We also investigate the effect of variogram model uncertainty in the EnKF performance and propose a modified EnKF algorithm to handle the uncertainty in variogram parameters. We also develop a computationally efficient data assimilation procedure by employing a pseudo forecast method and geological model clustering method along with EnKF. By a set of numerical experiments, we show how the proposed fast history matching method is successful in preserving the ensemble spread and expediting the integration procedure. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/154962
Book Synopsis Uncertainty Analysis and Reservoir Modeling by : Y. Zee Ma
Download or read book Uncertainty Analysis and Reservoir Modeling written by Y. Zee Ma and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2011-12-20 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integration of Microseismic Data with Geomechanical Model by : Mingyuan Yang (M.S.E.)
Download or read book Integration of Microseismic Data with Geomechanical Model written by Mingyuan Yang (M.S.E.) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing is a technology that is applied to increase production from unconventional resources such as shale gas and tight oil. Many hydraulic fracturing models have been developed in recent years that can be used to predict the performance of a hydraulic fracturing treatment. Inverse modeling involves conditioning simulation models to field data. The solution to the inverse problem provides estimates for formation properties and other model input parameters. The tuned model can then be used for predictive simulations. In this research, we developed a framework that can solve inverse problems using a Gibbs sampler and a radial basis function proxy model. In multidimensional inverse problem, the solution is often not unique, which means that there are multiple combinations of input parameters that can provide matches to the data. The goal of this research is to find a practical algorithm that can find all possible parameter combinations that match the available data, within bounds specified by the user. This is better than obtaining a single solution that matches the data, because it allows us to better account for uncertainty. For finding precise matches to data, our algorithm would be outperformed by other methods. However, our algorithm is very good at efficiently mapping out the global solution space and solving highly nonunique problems. The framework that we propose also allows us to visualize the relationship between input variables in order to better understand the underlying physical processes. In this report, two example cases are presented and discussed. The example cases demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Book Synopsis Reservoir Model Design by : Philip Ringrose
Download or read book Reservoir Model Design written by Philip Ringrose and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives practical advice and ready to use tips on the design and construction of subsurface reservoir models. The design elements cover rock architecture, petrophysical property modelling, multi-scale data integration, upscaling and uncertainty analysis. Philip Ringrose and Mark Bentley share their experience, gained from over a hundred reservoir modelling studies in 25 countries covering clastic, carbonate and fractured reservoir types, and for a range of fluid systems – oil, gas and CO2, production and injection, and effects of different mobility ratios. The intimate relationship between geology and fluid flow is explored throughout, showing how the impact of fluid type, displacement mechanism and the subtleties of single- and multi-phase flow combine to influence reservoir model design. The second edition updates the existing sections and adds sections on the following topics: · A new chapter on modelling for CO2 storage · A new chapter on modelling workflows · An extended chapter on fractured reservoir modelling · An extended chapter on multi-scale modelling · An extended chapter on the quantification of uncertainty · A revised section on the future of modelling based on recently published papers by the authors The main audience for this book is the community of applied geoscientists and engineers involved in understanding fluid flow in the subsurface: whether for the extraction of oil or gas or the injection of CO2 or the subsurface storage of energy in general. We will always need to understand how fluids move in the subsurface and we will always require skills to model these quantitatively. The second edition of this reference book therefore aims to highlight the modelling skills developed for the current energy industry which will also be required for the energy transition of the future. The book is aimed at technical-professional practitioners in the energy industry and is also suitable for a range of Master’s level courses in reservoir characterisation, modelling and engineering. • Provides practical advice and guidelines for users of 3D reservoir modelling packages • Gives advice on reservoir model design for the growing world-wide activity in subsurface reservoir modelling • Covers rock modelling, property modelling, upscaling, fluid flow and uncertainty handling • Encompasses clastic, carbonate and fractured reservoirs • Applies to multi-fluid cases and applications: hydrocarbons and CO2, production and storage; rewritten for use in the Energy Transition.
Book Synopsis Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources by : Usman Ahmed
Download or read book Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources written by Usman Ahmed and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the shale revolution continues in North America, unconventional resource markets are emerging on every continent. In the next eight to ten years, more than 100,000 wells and one- to two-million hydraulic fracturing stages could be executed, resulting in close to one trillion dollars in industry spending. This growth has prompted professionals ex
Book Synopsis Reservoir Modelling by : Steve Cannon
Download or read book Reservoir Modelling written by Steve Cannon and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential resource to an integrated approach to reservoir modelling by highlighting both the input of data and the modelling results Reservoir Modelling offers a comprehensive guide to the procedures and workflow for building a 3-D model. Designed to be practical, the principles outlined can be applied to any modelling project regardless of the software used. The author - a noted practitioner in the field - captures the heterogeneity due to structure, stratigraphy and sedimentology that has an impact on flow in the reservoir. This essential guide follows a general workflow from data QC and project management, structural modelling, facies and property modelling to upscaling and the requirements for dynamic modelling. The author discusses structural elements of a model and reviews both seismic interpretation and depth conversion, which are known to contribute most to volumetric uncertainty and shows how large-scale stratigraphic relationships are integrated into the reservoir framework. The text puts the focus on geostatistical modelling of facies and heterogeneities that constrain the distribution of reservoir properties including porosity, permeability and water saturation. In addition, the author discusses the role of uncertainty analysis in the static model and its impact on volumetric estimation. The text also addresses some typical approaches to modelling specific reservoirs through a mix of case studies and illustrative examples and: -Offers a practical guide to the use of data to build a successful reservoir model -Draws on the latest advances in 3-D modelling software -Reviews facies modelling, the different methods and the need for understanding the geological interpretation of cores and logs -Presents information on upscaling both the structure and the properties of a fine-scale geological model for dynamic simulation -Stresses the importance of an interdisciplinary team-based approach Written for geophysicists, reservoir geologists and petroleum engineers, Reservoir Modelling offers the essential information needed to understand a reservoir for modelling and contains the multidisciplinary nature of a reservoir modelling project.
Book Synopsis Geophysics and Geosequestration by : Thomas L. Davis
Download or read book Geophysics and Geosequestration written by Thomas L. Davis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the geophysical techniques and analysis methods for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage for researchers and industry practitioners.
Book Synopsis Microseismic Imaging of Hydraulic Fracturing by : Shawn Mawell
Download or read book Microseismic Imaging of Hydraulic Fracturing written by Shawn Mawell and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microseismic Imaging of Hydraulic Fracturing: Improved Engineering of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs (SEG Distinguished Instructor Series No. 17) covers the use of microseismic data to enhance engineering design of hydraulic fracturing and well completion. The book, which accompanies the 2014 SEG Distinguished Instructor Short Course, describes the design, acquisition, processing, and interpretation of an effective microseismic project. The text includes a tutorial of the basics of hydraulic fracturing, including the geologic and geomechanical factors that control fracture growth. In addition to practical issues associated with collecting and interpreting microseismic data, potential pitfalls and quality-control steps are discussed. Actual case studies are used to demonstrate engineering benefits and improved production through the use of microseismic monitoring. Providing a practical user guide for survey design, quality control, interpretation, and application of microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring, this book will be of interest to geoscientists and engineers involved in development of unconventional reservoirs.
Book Synopsis Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics by : Mark D. Zoback
Download or read book Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geomechanical and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Covering hydrocarbon-bearing formations, horizontal drilling, reservoir seismology and environmental impacts, this is an invaluable resource for geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers.
Book Synopsis Improving the Global Coherency of the Shared Earth Model Using Static, Dynamic and Geomechanics Data by : Nicolas Mastio
Download or read book Improving the Global Coherency of the Shared Earth Model Using Static, Dynamic and Geomechanics Data written by Nicolas Mastio and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum reservoir production modifies the stress state of the subsurface. Petroleum is drawn out, the reservoir pore pressure decreases, and the reservoir rock supports an additional loading. The reservoir is not the only affected area of the field during the production: the layers above (the overburden) and below (the underburden) move. To understand the effect of the reservoir compaction on the overburden and on the subsidence, geomechanical models are built. The rock elastic behavior and the pore pressure change are used to compute the displacement field and the stress changes. In any case, the models of petroleum fields are riddled with uncertainties because the data are sparse and fuzzy and often the results of a long and complex processing. The data uncertainties make the interpretation difficult, or the usage of the prediction made by reservoir models. To reduce these uncertainties, seismic data such as time-lapse seismic (4D) is used in the geomechanical modelling workflow. 4D seismic are imprinted by the fluid flow in the reservoir, by the strain in the reservoir and in the overburden, and by the rock damaging. In most of the produced fields, the amount of time shifts (the reflectors time-arrival difference) in the overburden is significant. While only a small part of the overburden time shifts is explained by the strain, the velocity change plays a major role. But the relationship between the velocity change and the stress state change due to the reservoir compaction is not known. Microcracks opening is known to have a strong effect on the velocity change. Crack-based models can explain the stress-dependent velocity change in rock samples. Based on synthetics models, different authors predict that the velocity change is anisotropic because the stress change in the overburden is anisotropic. However, the velocity change anisotropy is not considered in the classic time-lapse seismic inversion as only the vertical direction is considered. The object of this thesis is to extract more information from the data to create a more precise description of the subsurface model. A Mechanical History Matching of time-lapse inverted time strains using Ensemble methods is performed. For this, we first propose to invert for pressure variation in the reservoir to match the time-lapse seismic data. Using the empirical R-factor law, time-lapse time strains are predicted by the mechanical vertical strains. The reservoir pore pressure is updated to match the geomechanical model predictions with the time-lapse inversion results, suggesting that a new compartmentalization of the reservoir is needed to match the 4D information in the overburden. This first approach interrogates on the usage of reservoir simulation data in the geomechanical model. Second, we propose to recover the velocity change anisotropy from prestack time-lapse seismic data. A tomographic reconstruction of the velocity change is performed by realigning the baseline to the monitor. The method is applied to a real case study. The retrieved anisotropic velocity change in the overburden corresponds to a large decrease in epsilon and delta in terms of Thomsen parameters while the vertical velocity change is tiny. Classically, geomechanical models show an overburden stretching corresponding to an opening of horizontal cracks; this is not what we observe in the velocity change anisotropy. To explain the data, we propose a rock-physics model corresponding to vertical cracks with a small aspect ratio (between 10-2 and 10-3) in a water-saturated rock. This second approach interrogates on the assumptions made when the geomechanical model simulation results are compared to the time-lapse seismic inversion results. As shown in the two approaches, a great potential for improving the consistency and reduce uncertainty of the models exists when mixing various data. This work is preliminary and much more work is required to integrate all sources of data into the shared earth model.
Book Synopsis Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm, Integrated 4D Seismic Reservoir Characterization and Uncertainty Analysis in a Bayesian Framework by : Tiancong Hong
Download or read book Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm, Integrated 4D Seismic Reservoir Characterization and Uncertainty Analysis in a Bayesian Framework written by Tiancong Hong and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Data Analytics in Reservoir Engineering by : Sathish Sankaran
Download or read book Data Analytics in Reservoir Engineering written by Sathish Sankaran and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data Analytics in Reservoir Engineering describes the relevance of data analytics for the oil and gas industry, with particular emphasis on reservoir engineering.
Book Synopsis Model Calibration, Drainage Volume Calculation and Optimization in Heterogeneous Fractured Reservoirs by : SukSang Kang
Download or read book Model Calibration, Drainage Volume Calculation and Optimization in Heterogeneous Fractured Reservoirs written by SukSang Kang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose a rigorous approach for well drainage volume calculations in gas reservoirs based on the flux field derived from dual porosity finite-difference simulation and demonstrate its application to optimize well placement. Our approach relies on a high frequency asymptotic solution of the diffusivity equation and emulates the propagation of a 'pressure front' in the reservoir along gas streamlines. The proposed approach is a generalization of the radius of drainage concept in well test analysis (Lee 1982), which allows us not only to compute rigorously the well drainage volumes as a function of time but also to examine the potential impact of infill wells on the drainage volumes of existing producers. Using these results, we present a systematic approach to optimize well placement to maximize the Estimated Ultimate Recovery. A history matching algorithm is proposed that sequentially calibrates reservoir parameters from the global-to-local scale considering parameter uncertainty and the resolution of the data. Parameter updates are constrained to the prior geologic heterogeneity and performed parsimoniously to the smallest spatial scales at which they can be resolved by the available data. In the first step of the workflow, Genetic Algorithm is used to assess the uncertainty in global parameters that influence field-scale flow behavior, specifically reservoir energy. To identify the reservoir volume over which each regional multiplier is applied, we have developed a novel approach to heterogeneity segmentation from spectral clustering theory. The proposed clustering can capture main feature of prior model by using second eigenvector of graph affinity matrix. In the second stage of the workflow, we parameterize the high-resolution heterogeneity in the spectral domain using the Grid Connectivity based Transform to severely compress the dimension of the calibration parameter set. The GCT implicitly imposes geological continuity and promotes minimal changes to each prior model in the ensemble during the calibration process. The field scale utility of the workflow is then demonstrated with the calibration of a model characterizing a structurally complex and highly fractured reservoir. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148064
Book Synopsis Prediction of Reservoir Properties for Geomechanical Analysis Using 3-D Seismic Data and Rock Physics Modeling in the Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina by : Carlos Convers
Download or read book Prediction of Reservoir Properties for Geomechanical Analysis Using 3-D Seismic Data and Rock Physics Modeling in the Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina written by Carlos Convers and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydraulic Fracture Modeling by : Yu-Shu Wu
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracture Modeling written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today’s petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today’s more complex reservoirs. Offers understanding of the details surrounding fracturing and fracture modeling technology, including theories and quantitative methods Provides academic and practical perspective from multiple contributors at the forefront of hydraulic fracturing and rock mechanics Provides today’s petroleum engineer with model validation tools backed by real-world case studies
Book Synopsis Microseismic Monitoring by : Vladimir Grechka
Download or read book Microseismic Monitoring written by Vladimir Grechka and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, microseismic monitoring, a technology developed for evaluating completions of wells drilled to produce hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs, has grown increasingly popular among oil and gas companies. Microseismic Monitoring, by Vladimir Grechka and Werner M. Heigl, discusses how to process microseismic data, what can and cannot be inferred from such data, and to what level of certainty this might be possible. The narrative of the book follows the passage of seismic waves: from a source triggered by hydraulic fracture stimulation, through hydrocarbon-bearing formations, towards motion sensors. The waves’ characteristics encode the location of their source and its focal mechanism. The analysis of various approaches to harvesting the source-related information from microseismic records has singled out the accuracy of the velocity model, fully accounting for the strong elastic anisotropy of hydraulically fractured shales, as the most critical ingredient for obtaining precise source locations and interpretable moment tensors. The ray theory complemented by its modern extensions, paraxial and Fréchet ray tracing, provides the only practical means available today for building such models. The book is written for geophysicists interested in learning and applying advanced microseismic data-processing techniques.
Book Synopsis Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Handbook by : Y Zee Ma
Download or read book Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Handbook written by Y Zee Ma and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Handbook: Evaluation and Development is a must-have, helpful handbook that brings a wealth of information to engineers and geoscientists. Bridging between subsurface and production, the handbook provides engineers and geoscientists with effective methodology to better define resources and reservoirs. Better reservoir knowledge and innovative technologies are making unconventional resources economically possible, and multidisciplinary approaches in evaluating these resources are critical to successful development. Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Handbook takes this approach, covering a wide range of topics for developing these resources including exploration, evaluation, drilling, completion, and production. Topics include theory, methodology, and case histories and will help to improve the understanding,integrated evaluation, and effective development of unconventional resources. Presents methods for a full development cycle of unconventional resources, from exploration through production Explores multidisciplinary integrations for evaluation and development of unconventional resources and covers a broad range of reservoir characterization methods and development scenarios Delivers balanced information with multiple contributors from both academia and industry Provides case histories involving geological analysis, geomechanical analysis, reservoir modeling, hydraulic fracturing treatment, microseismic monitoring, well performance and refracturing for development of unconventional reservoirs
