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Download or read book אם יתנו לך טואי משי written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joseph C. Hackler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (743 download)
Download or read book Genetic Variation Within and Among Natural and Captive Populations of Alligator Snapping Turtles in (macrochelys Temmincki) Oklahoma written by Joseph C. Hackler and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mitchell B. East
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (825 download)
Download or read book Diet and Feeding Behavior of Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii) in Eastern Oklahoma written by Mitchell B. East and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Oklahoma, the alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) has experienced declines and recent efforts to conserve the species have focused on reintroducing captive-reared juveniles. The effect of the reintroduction on other aquatic turtles is not known and feeding behavior of juvenile M. temminckii is not understood. The following studies were conducted to 1) compare the diet of captive-reared juvenile M. temminckii to that of wild juveniles and investigate the diet overlap of juvenile M. temminckii with adult female Graptemys ouachitensis in the Caney River, where M. temminckii have been recently reintroduced, in comparison to Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) where the two species have co-occurred indefinitely, ; 2) determine if juveniles reared with exposure to a single food item exhibit innate feeding preferences; and 3) define the current status of aquatic turtles at SNWR in comparison to data collected a decade ago. There were noticeable differences between the diet of captive-reared and wild juvenile M. temminckii. There was greater overlap of juvenile M. temminckii and adult female G. ouachitensis diet at the Caney River. Juvenile M. temminckii showed some innate prey preference and foraging capability. There were large declines in trapping rates of all species, composition of the aquatic turtle community changed dramatically, and changes in the M. temminckii population indicate that unknown factors have impacted turtles at SNWR.
Author : Amber R. Teare
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Reproductive Biology and Conservation Genetics of the Alligator Snapping Turtle (macrochelys Temminckii) written by Amber R. Teare and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a highly aquatic turtle only found in Gulf of Mexico drainages. The biology of this species remains relatively unknown, despite years of harvest and use as a zoological attraction. The purposes of this study were to (1) determine gender size classes and assess sexual size dimorphism, (2) delineate the reproductive cycle of M. temminckii, particularly their sex steroid seasonality, and (3) evaluate possible genetic divergence between M. temminckii found in southwest Georgia and northern Florida. Alligator snapping turtles exhibit pronounced sexual size dimorphism as adults. However, determining sex in smaller individuals is difficult. The purpose of this study was to assess gender size classes and sexual dimorphism in Macrochelys temminckii. Alligator snapping turtles in southwest Georgia were trapped from March 2008 to April 2010. Captured turtles were bled, sexed based on size and ultrasound, and measured for multiple characteristics. For all measurements, adult males were larger than females. The relationships between carapace length, plastron-to-vent length, and testosterone levels were used to determine gender of smaller individuals. To ensure accurate sexual assignment when studying M. temminckii, data from multiple methods (morphological measurements, ultrasonography, testosterone levels, and, laparoscopy) should be used. To delineate the reproductive cycle of M. temminckii, blood samples were taken from captured individuals, and plasma testosterone and estradiol were measured using enzyme immunoassay. Males exhibited seasonal changes in testosterone levels, with maximum levels occurring in October. Mating behavior was elucidated from the appearance of wounds on males that only occurred in April. Females displayed seasonality in testosterone and estradiol levels, with relative peaks occurring in March and April (mating and ovulation) and September and October (follicular development). Genetic structure between M. temminckii populations separated by a dam and under different hunting pressures was assessed using microsatellite loci. Average number of alleles per locus and number of unique alleles was higher for the Florida population. Genetic structure was detected between the populations (FST = 0.043, p = 0.001). The rapid development of structuring between Florida and Georgia M. temminckii warrants further investigation into the effects of fragmentation and overexploitation on this species.
Author : Brandon Tappmeyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)
Download or read book Stress and Body Composition of Juvenile Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii) written by Brandon Tappmeyer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii), is a species of conservation concern that is the subject of multiple head-start and reintroduction efforts across its range. In captive propagation programs, producing offspring that are in optimal physiological condition maximizes the likelihood of success after release. The purpose of my study was to compare stress and body composition between one free-ranging reintroduced population and two captive populations. The two captive populations were both housed in southern Oklahoma, but one group was reared indoors whereas the other inhabited outdoor ponds at a national fish hatchery. I used circulating glucocorticoid (corticosterone) concentrations as an indicator of stress level and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to estimate body composition. Corticosterone concentrations did not differ between captive and free-ranging populations, possibly suggesting that corticosterone is a poor predictor of stress in this species or under chronically stressful conditions. DXA accurately and precisely estimated fat mass (FM), lean tissue mass (LTM), and bone mineral mass (BMM). The captive-outdoor and free-ranging populations exhibited greater BMM than the captive-indoor population. However, both captive populations exhibited higher FM and lower LTM than turtles in the free-ranging population. A body condition index calculated by regressing log-transformed mass on length did not correlate with FM or BMM, but did correlate significantly with LTM.
Author : Jessica Leigh Miller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Nesting Ecology in Reintroduced Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii) written by Jessica Leigh Miller and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a large freshwater species that has experienced population declines throughout much of its range. In an effort to reestablish an extirpated population in southern Oklahoma, adult M. temminckii were released at Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge in 2007. I investigated several aspects of M. temminckii reproductive biology within this reintroduced population, including nest-site selection, reproductive and nest predation rates, and patterns of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in natural nests. Water depth two meters from the shoreline and percentage ground cover were important factors in nest-site selection. The nest predation rate was 76% when efforts were made to protect nests and the average clutch size in intact nests was 22.4 eggs. The overall sex ratio in 2010 recruits was strongly female-biased (91.8% female) and a strongly skewed population sex ratio may become a serious threat to this reintroduced population if this trend continues. I also developed a technique to reliably estimate clutch size from predated M. temminckii shell fragments which will improve estimates of mean clutch size (and therefore annual fecundity) for the population. The persistence of several adult M. temminckii and evidence of successful reproduction and recruitment are positive signs, but post-release monitoring will need to continue for several more years in order for this reintroduction to be considered a success.
Author : Denise Michele Thompson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (888 download)
Download or read book Reproductive Biology of Alligator Snapping Turtles written by Denise Michele Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful production of offspring (and ultimately grand-offspring) defines organisms' fitness. Therefore, I investigated three critical aspects of reproduction in the alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii), a model organism that is of great conservation interest. Specifically, I studied: (1) nesting behavior and (2) maternal reproductive investment patterns in a captive alligator snapping turtle population housed outdoors under semi-natural conditions, and (3) nest predation patterns in a reintroduced population. Both sites were located in the species' geographic range in southern Oklahoma. Females averaged 25 terrestrial forays prior to successfully nesting and average nesting duration was 185 minutes. Nesting activity positively correlated with increasing temperature, but did not correspond with rainfall. Larger females tended to lay larger eggs but the number of eggs per clutch was not related to female size. Instead, females primarily increased fecundity by allocating extra resources to producing more eggs rather than larger eggs. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are the most important nest predator in the population studied, and I investigated the role of soil disturbance and turtle olfactory stimuli in raccoon responses to artificially constructed alligator snapping turtle nests. Raccoons primarily used soil disturbance cues to detect artificial nests; however, after being detected nests with soil disturbance were more likely to survive an encounter with a raccoon than a nest that lacked visual stimuli. The conspicuous nesting strategy employed by M. temminckii is discussed as a potential evolutionarily adaptive strategy to disguise the exact location of the clutch from predators.
Author : J. Daren Riedle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (495 download)
Download or read book The Ecology of the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys Temminckii, in Oklahoma written by J. Daren Riedle and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sarah Spangler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Ecology of Hatchling Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii) written by Sarah Spangler and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about the first year of life for many of the world’s freshwater turtles. This is due in part to their cryptic nature and the difficulty of locating hatchlings in the wild. The lack of information about this demographically important age group has led researchers to draw conclusions from indirect inferences about survival rates and ecological roles of hatchlings that may or may not be accurate. To begin filling in some of these gaps, I focused on the first year in an alligator snapping turtle’s life. I studied: (1) circadian and circannual patterns of activity, (2) growth rates and how they are related to activity rates, (3) habitat preferences, (4) fall movement patterns, and (5) predation patterns. My study site was within the species’ natural range in southeastern Oklahoma. Unlike adults, hatchlings followed a predominantly diurnal activity pattern for much of the year, with peak activity occurring during the mid-hours of the day. The diurnal habit of hatchlings may be a strategy to temporally partition themselves from nocturnal predators. There were no significant relationships between growth rates and activity rates during any period, potentially due to small sample size. Hatchlings were located in areas of increased cover and shallower water depths, when compared to random locations. Their movement patterns were characterized by an initial movement away from the site of release to a location with suitable habitat characteristics, and they tended to stay at these locations for extended periods. I documented depredation by fish, but not by terrestrial predators such as raccoons.
Author : Cody Lee Townsend
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (145 download)
Download or read book Spatial Ecology of Juvenile Captive-reared Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys Temminckii) in Northeastern Louisiana written by Cody Lee Townsend and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Travis M. Thomas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)
Download or read book Population Status, Distribution, and Home Range of the Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii) in the Suwannee River, Florida written by Travis M. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) has experienced population declines throughout much of its range because of extensive harvest. Little is known about the genetically and morphologically distinct population of Macrochelys in the Suwannee River. In Georgia, efforts failed to capture Macrochelys in the Suwannee River, creating concern about this species status. To determine the status of Macrochelys in the Suwannee River, a mark-recapture and telemetry study was conducted between 2011 and 2013. In total, 132 individual Macrochelys were captured (21.2% juveniles, 17.4% females, and 61.4% males). Sex ratio was male-skewed (3.5:1) and 41% of males weighed \U+2265\45kg. Relative abundance and density estimates revealed an uneven distribution of turtles throughout the river, with more productive river sections maintaining higher population densities and larger turtles. Mean linear home ranges were 1,896 m ± 252 m for males and 1,615 m ± 301 m for females. Telemetry data revealed habitat use patterns not previously reported for Macrochelys, with individuals making overland movements between the floodplain and river channel. Side-scan sonar maps paired with turtle locations indicated coarse woody debris, undercut banks and large rocks are important habitat during low water levels. Bush hook surveys and radiographs revealed a positive correlation between bush hook abundance and number of ingested hooks. Macrochelys in the Suwannee are more numerous than previously thought; however, several threats exist including fish hook ingestion, boat propeller damage, and the removal of woody debris.
Author : Peter Charles Howard Pritchard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Alligator Snapping Turtle written by Peter Charles Howard Pritchard and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Timothy Charles Lescher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (698 download)
Download or read book Relative Abundance, Population Structure, and Habitat Utilization of the Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii) and Eastern Snapping Turtle (Chelydra Serpentina) in Southeastern Missouri written by Timothy Charles Lescher and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alligator Snapping Turtles have not been surveyed extensively in Missouri since 1993-94. Six sites that were sampled in the early nineties were re-sampled in 2009 at the same locations where previous researchers trapped. Significantly fewer significantly fewer Alligator Snapping Turtles were captured per trapnight at all six sites. The population structure of the Alligator Snapping Turtles had a significantly different distribution in 2009 compared to 1993-94. The population structure had shifted toward smaller individuals, and fewer adult males and adult females were captured in 2009 compared to 1993-94. The 1993-94 structure was normally distributed while the 2009 structure exhibited a negative skew. Populations sampled in 2009 have an extremely female-biased sex ratio and fewer large adults, which may impact the population negatively in the future. Future sampling of Alligator Snapping Turtles at these six sites is recommended to continue monitoring their long-term trends in relative abundance and population structure. Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) and Eastern Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were captured during the summers of 2009 and 2010. Habitat characteristics were collected at each trap that captured these species. Subsequent analysis of data revealed that Alligator Snapping Turtle presence at trap sites was characterized by increased physical structure in the stream, water depth, relatively high levels of detritus, and warmer temperatures when compared to Eastern Snapping Turtles; the amount of aquatic vegetation and bottom surface (i.e., mud or non-mud substrate) were important in characterizing Eastern Snapping Turtle presence in traps. Eastern Snapping Turtles and Alligator Snapping Turtles did not use the same areas spatially, and were only trapped at the same location once in 557 trapnights. Future conservation plans for the Alligator Snapping Turtle and Eastern Snapping Turtle should consider the microhabitat characteristics of sites utilized by these turtles, along with the possibility of interspecific interactions within Chelydridae.
Author : Lauren Besenhofer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (747 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Paternity in Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii) Clutches written by Lauren Besenhofer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three of seven microsatellite loci tested on Machrochelys were variable (from three to five alleles per locus) and provided evidence of multiple paternity in 13 out of 14 clutches from Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge. These findings have implications for the mating strategy of Macrochelys, including the prevalence of sperm storage and multiple matings. Multiple paternity is an important strategy in threatened or endangered species because it may help increase effective population size and genetic variability.
Author : Kristen Erin Sardina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Increasing Alligator Snapping Turtle Head-starting Success Through Housing Enrichment and Inoculation of Hatchlings with Digestive Microbiota written by Kristen Erin Sardina and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to historic overharvest and habitat degradation, the alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) has experienced population declines throughout its range. Tishomingo National Fish Hatchery in southern Oklahoma began a captive head-start program for this species in 2000 and has since released over 1,400 turtles in the region. However, there has been a recurring trend of turtles growing faster after release than while in captivity. My research sought to investigate this pattern by determining: 1) the influence of housing enrichment and housing density on juvenile growth rates and stress in indoor enclosures, and 2) the effects of supplementing hatchlings with adult feces to enhance the gut microbiome. I found that the presence of floating mats in indoor tanks improved growth rates compared to other structural components. Group density did not affect average growth rates, but animals that were housed communally exhibited more variable growth than individuals housed without conspecifics present. When exposed to feces of adult conspecifics, hatchlings assimilated fiber components of their omnivorous diet more efficiently than those exposed only to deionized water or creek water. Based upon these results, flotant structures and exposure to microbes found in the feces of adult M. temminckii are recommended for future head-start efforts.
Author : Travis L. Anthony
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (885 download)
Download or read book Aquatic Turtle Community Dynamics in Relation to Reintroduction of Alligator Snapping Turtles, Macrochelys Temminckii written by Travis L. Anthony and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a long-lived species that merits reintroduction because the species has declined significantly throughout its range. The purposes of this study were to: 1) report the findings of a reintroduction project that was initiated in 2008 and 2) to compare habitat associations of all aquatic turtles species in the Caney, Verdigris, and Spring rivers in northern Oklahoma. Alligator snapping turtles were released in the Caney River in 2008, 2009, 2010, and all released individuals exhibited substantial annual growth rates upon recapture 1-3 years later. Additionally, no decline in body condition was observed. Capture probability was estimated to be 30%, and annual survival was estimated to be 64%. This survival estimate may be lowered by dispersal of animals away from the sampling area. Among the three rivers and three tributaries sampled, Pond Creek, a tributary of the Caney River, had the highest diversity. Big Creek, a tributary of the Verdigris River, supported a turtle community that was comparatively dissimilar to other sites sampled, including in comparison to the main channel of the Verdigris River. Possible displacement of Ouachita map turtles (Graptemys ouachitensis) was observed where alligator snapping turtles were introduced.
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Author : Lori Brianne Woosley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (654 download)
Download or read book Population Structure and Reproduction of Alligator Snapping Turtles, Macrochelys [i.e. Macroclemys] Temminckii, at Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge written by Lori Brianne Woosley and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
