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Genetic Interactions Among Resistance Genes In Wheat Triticum Aestivum L And Virulence Genes In The Hessian Fly Mayetiola Destructor Say In North America And Morocco
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Book Synopsis Genetic Interactions Among Resistance Genes in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Virulence Genes in the Hessian Fly [Mayetiola Destructor (Say)] in North America and Morocco by : Mustapha El Bouhssini
Download or read book Genetic Interactions Among Resistance Genes in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Virulence Genes in the Hessian Fly [Mayetiola Destructor (Say)] in North America and Morocco written by Mustapha El Bouhssini and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genetic Interactions Between Resistance in Wheat, Triticum Aestivum L., and Races of Hessian Fly, Mayetiola Destructor (Say). by : Jimmy Howell Hatchett
Download or read book Genetic Interactions Between Resistance in Wheat, Triticum Aestivum L., and Races of Hessian Fly, Mayetiola Destructor (Say). written by Jimmy Howell Hatchett and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wheat Cultivars Resistant to Races of Hessian Fly by : Robert L. Gallun
Download or read book Wheat Cultivars Resistant to Races of Hessian Fly written by Robert L. Gallun and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Further Differentiation of Genetic Factors in Wheat for Resistance to the Hessian Fly by : Coit Alfred Suneson
Download or read book Further Differentiation of Genetic Factors in Wheat for Resistance to the Hessian Fly written by Coit Alfred Suneson and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Virulence of Mayetiola Destructor (Say) Field Populations in the Great Plains and Levanase/inulase-like Genes in the Hessian Fly Genome by : Sandra Garcés Carrera
Download or read book Virulence of Mayetiola Destructor (Say) Field Populations in the Great Plains and Levanase/inulase-like Genes in the Hessian Fly Genome written by Sandra Garcés Carrera and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a major pest of wheat, and is controlled mainly through deploying fly-resistant wheat cultivars. This study investigated five M. destructor populations collected from Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma, where infestation by Hessian fly has been high in recent years. Eight resistance genes including H12, H13, H17, H18, H22, H25, H26, and Hdic, were found to be highly effective against all tested M. destructor populations in this region, conferring resistance to 80% or more of plants containing one of these resistant genes. The frequency of biotypes virulent to resistant genes ranged from 0 to 45%. A logistic regression model was established to predict biotype frequencies based on the correlation between the percentages of susceptible plants obtained in a virulence test. In addition to the virulence test, the log-odds of virulent biotype frequencies were determined by a traditional approach to predict the logistic regression model. Characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone identified a gene encoding a protein with sequence similarity to bacterial levanases. Blast searching with the levanase-like protein identified 14 levanase/inulase-like genes or gene fragments. In this study, we determined the expression levels of these genes in different developmental stages and different tissues of 3-d old larvae of M. destructor. Sequence analysis revealed that six genes encode full length proteins, three were truncated at the 5' end, and five truncated at the 3' end. Sequences of putative proteins showed approximately 42% similarities to bacterial levanases or inulases, and 36% similarity to fungal levanases or inulases. No sequence similarities were found with any known animal or plant proteins. Comparative analysis of sequences among 14 levanase/inulase-like genes revealed that positions for intron/exon boundaries are conserved among different genes even though the length of each intron and exon varied among different genes. The expression patterns of the levanase/inulase-like genes were different among developmental stages and larval tissues of M. destructor. Interestingly, three genes presented alternative splicing bands in different developmental stages, and two genes exhibited splicing bands in different tissues of 3 d old M. destructor. This study would be useful for future studies of the characterization and function of levanase/inulase-like genes of these enzymes in plant-insect interactions.
Book Synopsis Developing Molecular Markers for a Hessian Fly Resistance Gene in Wheat & Studying the Effects of the Wheat Bread Making Gene (WBM) on Soft White Wheat Quality by : Tavin Marie Schneider
Download or read book Developing Molecular Markers for a Hessian Fly Resistance Gene in Wheat & Studying the Effects of the Wheat Bread Making Gene (WBM) on Soft White Wheat Quality written by Tavin Marie Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important agricultural commodity crops in Washington. Each year, farmers face various production challenges, including Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], which can lead to devastating crop losses. Resistance genes are the most successful methods to manage and control this insect. Although there are at least 37 known Hessian fly resistance genes (HFR genes), few are deployed in the region, mostly due to a lack of molecular tools to support breeding efforts. Seahawk, a popular soft white spring wheat, contains resistance, but the gene identity is unknown. Using two recombinant inbred populations made from crossing soft white spring wheat cultivar Seahawk to spring club wheat cultivars JD and Melba, we set out to identify the source of resistance in Seahawk and to develop molecular markers that can be used to select for the gene in breeding populations. After acquiring the genetic marker information using Illumina’s 90K SNP technology, we were able to map the resistance gene to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 6B and created three kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers that are effective in selecting for this gene in diverse backgrounds. Utilizing the Seahawk/JD population, we also studied how the wheat bread-making locus (wbm) affects the quality of soft white and club wheat. Soft white wheat and club wheat are produced and milled for their weak gluten properties and high starch contents that result in delicate crumb structures when baked. The wbm gene, however, is known to be associated with increased gluten strength properties and was identified in elite bread-making cultivars. At Washington State, the wbm gene is found at higher than expected frequencies among elite club and soft white wheat varieties. After testing the quality parameters of wbm isolines, we found that the locus does not negatively impact soft white wheat flour or dough properties.
Download or read book Majallat Al-Maghrib written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Hessian Fly (Cecidomyiidae by : John B. Hartman
Download or read book The Effect of Hessian Fly (Cecidomyiidae written by John B. Hartman and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biotype Determination and a Study of the Selective Interaction Between the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola Destructor (Say), and Wheat, Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell by : Bing-huei Chen
Download or read book Biotype Determination and a Study of the Selective Interaction Between the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola Destructor (Say), and Wheat, Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell written by Bing-huei Chen and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hessian Fly Biotype Distribution, Resistant Wheat Varieties and Control Practices in Hard Red Winter Wheat by : Harry W. Somsen
Download or read book Hessian Fly Biotype Distribution, Resistant Wheat Varieties and Control Practices in Hard Red Winter Wheat written by Harry W. Somsen and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Map-based Cloning of the Hessian Fly Resistance Gene H13 in Wheat by : Anupama Joshi
Download or read book Map-based Cloning of the Hessian Fly Resistance Gene H13 in Wheat written by Anupama Joshi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: H13, a dominant resistance gene transferred from Aegilops tauschii into wheat (Triticum aestivum), confers a high level of antibiosis against a wide range of Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) biotypes. Previously, H13 was mapped to the distal arm of chromosome 6DS, where it is flanked by markers Xcfd132 and Xgdm36. A mapping population of 1,368 F2 individuals derived from the cross: PI372129 (h13h13) / PI562619 (Molly, H13H13) was genotyped and H13 was flanked by Xcfd132 at 0.4cM and by Xgdm36 at 1.8cM. Screening of BAC-based physical maps of chromosome 6D of Chinese Spring wheat and Ae. tauschii coupled with high resolution genetic and Radiation Hybrid mapping identified nine candidate genes co-segregating with H13. Candidate gene validation was done on an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population of 2,296 M3 lines in Molly. Twenty seeds per line were screened for susceptibility to the H13-virulent HF GP biotype. Sequencing of candidate genes from twenty-eight independent susceptible mutants identified three nonsense, and 24 missense mutants for CNL-1 whereas only silent and intronic mutations were found in other candidate genes. 5' and 3' RACE was performed to identify gene structure and CDS of CNL-1 from Molly (H13H13) and Newton (h13h13). Increased transcript levels were observed for H13 gene during incompatible interactions at larval feeding stages of GP biotype. The predicted coding sequence of H13 gene is 3,192 bp consisting of two exons with 618 bp 5'UTR and 2,260 bp 3'UTR. It translates into a protein of 1063 amino acids with an N-terminal Coiled-Coil (CC), a central Nucleotide-Binding adapter shared by APAF-1, plant R and CED-4 (NB-ARC) and a C-terminal Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) domain. Conserved domain analysis revealed shared domains in Molly and Newton, except for differences in sequence, organization and number of LRR repeat in Newton. Also, the presence of a transposable element towards the C terminal of h13 was indicative of interallelic recombination, recent tandem duplications and gene conversions in the CNL rich region near H13 locus. Comparative analysis of candidate genes in the H13 region indicated that gene duplications in CNL encoding genes during divergence of wheat and barley led to clustering and diversity. This diversity among CNL genes may have a role in defining differences in the recognition specificities of NB-LRR encoding genes. Allele mining for the H13 gene in the core collection of Ae. tauschii and hexaploid wheat cultivars identified different functional haplotypes. Screening of these haplotypes using different HF biotypes would help in the identification of the new sources of resistance to control evolving biotypes of HF. Cloning of H13 will provide perfect markers to breeders for HF resistance breeding programs. It will also provide an opportunity to study R-Avr interactions in the hitherto unexplored field of insect-host interaction.
Book Synopsis Studies of the Ability of Hessian Fly, Mayetiola Destructor (Say), to Stunt Winter Wheat, Triticum Aestivum L. by : Robert Allan Byers
Download or read book Studies of the Ability of Hessian Fly, Mayetiola Destructor (Say), to Stunt Winter Wheat, Triticum Aestivum L. written by Robert Allan Byers and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Maghreb Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Further Differentiation of Genetic Factors in Wheat for Resistance to the Hessian Fly by : Coit Alfred Suneson
Download or read book Further Differentiation of Genetic Factors in Wheat for Resistance to the Hessian Fly written by Coit Alfred Suneson and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Precise Mapping of Hessian Fly and Stripe Rust Resistance Loci in Pacific Northwest Wheat Germplasm (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : Esra Alwan
Download or read book Precise Mapping of Hessian Fly and Stripe Rust Resistance Loci in Pacific Northwest Wheat Germplasm (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by Esra Alwan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hessian fly and stripe rust are major pests of spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest and cultivar resistance is a primary breeding goal. Hessian fly (HF) infestations continue to cause significant yield losses in spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest. In wheat, resistance to Hessian fly is usually controlled in a gene for gene manner, similar to other pathosystems. Hessian fly resistance genes in wheat have been failing as a result to the rapid evolutionary pace of the insect. Stripe rust (denoted by Yr) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat casing damage on an annual basis. Most of the Yr named resistance genes have been overcome as a result of the continuing emergence of new virulence races. Genetic resistance remains the most effective and economical approach to minimize yield losses and respond to pathogen evolution. A doubled haploid (DH) mapping population was generated from a cross between two elite spring wheat lines; 'WA8076', and 'HT080158LU'. The DH population was genotyped with 90K SNP markers using the Illumina Infinium platform. Phenotypic assessment was carried out on the DH population for both Hessian fly and stripe rust response. The genotyping efforts resulted in a total 15,236 polymorphic SNP markers used to establish a high-density genetic map. A single Hessian fly resistance gene (HFR) derived from 'WA8076' was detected on the distal region of chromosome 6BS, flanked by two SNP markers IWB71431 and IWB61175 at a distance of 2.6 cM. In addition, a total of 13 genes/QTL were found to be associated with stripe rust resistance. The adapted superior lines with Yr resistance will be directly incorporated in subsequent breeding efforts as a durable source of resistance. The closely linked SNP markers to the resistance loci, identified in this study, will provide an effective tool to accurately identify, select, and integrate the HF and Yr resistance genes into existing wheat cultivars. The highly dense SNP-based genetic map provides useful information for fine mapping and finding candidate genes underlying QTLs as well as marker-assisted breeding. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) we performed for both seedling and adult plant response in a diverse population of winter wheat germplasm. The population was genotyped with the 90K iSelect wheat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Our GWAS study identified a total of 26 loci, comprising a range of existing and novel loci associated with stripe rust resistance. Resistance loci in the winter wheat germplasm can be exploited in the development of broadly-effective disease-resistant commercial wheat cultivars.
Book Synopsis Towards Map-based Cloning of a Hessian Fly Resistance Gene H34 in Wheat by : Nida Ghori
Download or read book Towards Map-based Cloning of a Hessian Fly Resistance Gene H34 in Wheat written by Nida Ghori and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat is a staple food crop worldwide and insect damage is a major constraint for its production. Among the insects, Hessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) is a destructive pest that significantly reduces wheat grain yield. To date, 37 HF resistant genes have been named, but diagnostic markers for these genes are lacking, which hampers their deployment in wheat breeding. HF resistance gene H34 on the short arm of chromosome 6B was one of the genes from a U.S. winter wheat Clark. To finely map H34, a cross was made between two F12 recombinant inbred lines (RIL115-S and RIL118-R) derived from Ning7840 x Clark. RIL118-R carries the resistance allele and RIL118-S carries the susceptibility allele at H34. Screening 286 (RIL115-S x RIL118-R) F3 lines using flanking Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers identified five heterogenous inbred families (HIFs) segregating at H34. The first round of screening of 159 homozygous recombinant plants from five different HIFs using the KASP markers delimited H34 to a 5.0 Mb interval. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of the four pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs) from the selected HIFs identified additional SNPs in the H34 region that further narrowed the H34 region to 1.3 Mb after screening 75 additional homozygous recombinant NILs. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the four pairs of NILs identified three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the H34 interval and they were considered as the putative H34 candidate genes for further study. Using the sequences of the DEGs and GBS-SNPs identified in the H34 interval, seven KASP markers were designed and validated to be diagnostic in a US winter wheat panel of 203 lines. These markers can be used in gene pyramiding of H34 with other HF resistance genes using marker-assisted selection (MAS) in the U.S. wheat-breeding programs. Furthermore, studying mechanism of HF resistance in wheat using RNA-seq data revealed that genes encoding defense proteins, stress-regulating transcription factors, and secondary metabolites were strongly up regulated within the first 48 hours of larval feeding, revealing an early defense in resistant wheat plants in response to larval attack. Also, HF feeding on resistant plants triggered the secretions of R-gene receptors by HF to initiate a hypersensitive response (HR) in the plants. This HR response resulted in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to up regulate the downstream genes involved in cell wall fortification and activation of different transcription factors (TFs), which prevents HF to access the nutrients in the resistant plants and eventually results in the death of HF larvae. The new knowledge generated in this study will aid in better understanding of HF-resistant mechanisms and developing new crop improvement strategies to increase HF resistance in wheat.
Book Synopsis Interactions Between Resistance Genes in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. and Wheat Curl Mite Populations Aceria Tosichella Keifer (Eriophyidae) by : Tran Kim Ngan Luong
Download or read book Interactions Between Resistance Genes in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. and Wheat Curl Mite Populations Aceria Tosichella Keifer (Eriophyidae) written by Tran Kim Ngan Luong and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat curl mite (WCM) (Aceria tosichella Keifer) is a major pest of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), being the only known vector of three damaging plant viruses, Wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, and High Plains wheat mosaic virus. This wheat-mite-virus complex causes significant yield loss globally. Management has been mostly through cultural practices to reduce mite build up in volunteer wheat, thereby reducing the spread of viruses. Host plant resistance to WCM has also been used as an important management strategy for this wheat-mite-virus complex. However, WCM is a cryptic species complex, resulting in great variability in WCM responses to resistance genes in wheat. Also, the stability of WCM resistance has been questioned because of previous adaptation to one mite resistance gene (Cmc3). Changes in virulence of mite populations were examined after field selection and long-term (i.e., 6-8 months and 12 months) exposure to different mite-resistant wheat varieties TAM 107 (Cmc3), TAM 112 (Cmc3+Cmc4) and Byrd (Cmc4). Mite populations were allowed to go through multiple generations on resistant varieties to estimate their adaptation potential. Mite population counts and leaf curling symptoms were evaluated after short (14 days) and extended (28 days) mite infestation to estimate the stability of antibiosis and tolerance traits. Results indicate that the effectiveness of antibiosis on WCM populations was reduced with long-term mite exposure to TAM 112 but not for Byrd. This adaptation to the resistance in TAM 112 was only evident for the 12-month colony at the extended 28-day test period. In contrast, plant tolerance remained stable and effective throughout the 12-month colony period. The transcriptome-level responses of wheat to continued mite feeding and exposure of subsequent mite generations to plant defenses were examined. Results indicate potential mechanisms of resistance for Byrd containing the Cmc4 gene. Action of phytohormones, combined with lipid signaling and membrane integrity appear to play a role in response to WCM after 10-day-post-infestation (dpi). A higher number of molecular functions are activated at 10 dpi compared to previous work done at 1 dpi for this resistant variety. In addition, the importance of the genes located in the sub-genome D of the wheat in response to mite feeding is identified.
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