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Genetic And Enironmental Effects On Natural Variation In Arabidopsis Thaliana Seed Size
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Book Synopsis Genetic and Environmental Effects on Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Thaliana Seed Size by : Sebastian Christopher Gnan
Download or read book Genetic and Environmental Effects on Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Thaliana Seed Size written by Sebastian Christopher Gnan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Genomics by : Christian R. Landry
Download or read book Ecological Genomics written by Christian R. Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.
Book Synopsis Genetic and Enironmental Effects on Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Thaliana Seed Size by : Sebastian Christopher Gnan
Download or read book Genetic and Enironmental Effects on Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Thaliana Seed Size written by Sebastian Christopher Gnan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Annual Plant Reviews, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination by : Kent Bradford
Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination written by Kent Bradford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation, dispersal and germination of seeds are crucial stages in the life cycles of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. The unique properties of seeds, particularly their tolerance to desiccation, their mobility, and their ability to schedule their germination to coincide with times when environmental conditions are favorable to their survival as seedlings, have no doubt contributed significantly to the success of seed-bearing plants. Humans are also dependent upon seeds, which constitute the majority of the world’s staple foods (e.g., cereals and legumes). Seeds are an excellent system for studying fundamental developmental processes in plant biology, as they develop from a single fertilized zygote into an embryo and endosperm, in association with the surrounding maternal tissues. As genetic and molecular approaches have become increasingly powerful tools for biological research, seeds have become an attractive system in which to study a wide array of metabolic processes and regulatory systems. Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination provides a comprehensive overview of seed biology from the point of view of the developmental and regulatory processes that are involved in the transition from a developing seed through dormancy and into germination and seedling growth. It examines the complexity of the environmental, physiological, molecular and genetic interactions that occur through the life cycle of seeds, along with the concepts and approaches used to analyze seed dormancy and germination behavior. It also identifies the current challenges and remaining questions for future research. The book is directed at plant developmental biologists, geneticists, plant breeders, seed biologists and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Uncovering the Genetic Basis of Seed Size and Root Gravitropism Using High-throughput Phenotyping of Arabidopsis Thaliana by :
Download or read book Uncovering the Genetic Basis of Seed Size and Root Gravitropism Using High-throughput Phenotyping of Arabidopsis Thaliana written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major goals in plant biology is to resolve the function of every gene within a plant's genome and to measure the natural variation present in its alleles. Phenotyping, the process of quantifying observable traits, is one method to assess the underlying nature of the genetic factors that control the traits. Fully automated, high-throughput phenotyping platforms that provide fast, accurate measurements of mapping populations are enabling new insights into basic physiological functions important for continued global food security. Key to these endeavors are sophisticated robotic imaging devices, image analysis algorithms, smart database design, and knowledge-sharing with the research community. This thesis describes the creation of high-throughput systems for measuring seed size and root gravitropism, traits fundamental to agriculture, and identifies genomic regions that contribute to the variation in these traits. Flatbed scanners were used to create digital images of thousands of seeds at once, which were then analyzed with computer vision to quantify area, length, and width. Similarly, infrared-sensitive cameras captured the growth of roots in response to a reorientation of the gravity vector at high temporal resolution, generating a stack of images from which the development of tip angle can be measured using principal components analysis. Determining these feature values in members of two genetic replicates of the Ler x Cvi recombinant inbred line population and a near-isogenic population derived from the same accessions permitted quantitative trait loci analyses that identified numerous genetic regions involved in these traits. Genetic loci that controlled variation across only one axis of the seed were located by calculation of width and length, as opposed to solely seed area. For the root gravitropism phenotype, the high spatial and temporal resolution combined with two methods of genetic mapping revealed the timing of action of the loci involved in this response. The images, algorithms, measurements, and trait mapping results are provided for download and further study to the plant biology community. Utilization of these phenotyping platforms to measure natural variation present in other mapping populations grown in a variety of environmental conditions will allow a fuller understanding of these important physiological processes.
Book Synopsis A Guide to QTL Mapping with R/qtl by : Karl W. Broman
Download or read book A Guide to QTL Mapping with R/qtl written by Karl W. Broman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive discussion of QTL mapping concepts and theory Detailed instructions on the use of the R/qtl software, the most featured and flexible software for QTL mapping Two case studies illustrate QTL analysis in its entirety
Book Synopsis Determinants of Seed Size and Yield in [i]Arabidopsis Thaliana[/i] by : Rhiannon Hughes
Download or read book Determinants of Seed Size and Yield in [i]Arabidopsis Thaliana[/i] written by Rhiannon Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is becoming increasingly important to improve the yield of seed crops to feed an expanding population and, more recently, to cope with additional strains on food-oriented agriculture posed by biofuel production and global climate change. One strategy to increase yield is to increase seed size. However in nature, due to the limited resources of the mother plant, an enlarged seed size is often associated with a concomitant reduction in seed number. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a biotechnological approach to increase seed size through the modification of the triploid endosperm or the ovule integuments was shown to be a viable strategy to improve seed yield. Targeted over-expression of the ANT transcription factor specifically within the endosperm significantly increased seed size without negative effects on fertility. Overcoming compromised fertility in arf2 mutants established that ARF2 and the integuments are important factors in determining seed size and yield. To ensure agronomic relevance, both the gross yield and the harvest index (HI, ratio of seed yield to biological yield) were used to assess the impact of traits, such as increased integument size, introduced into Arabidopsis. To uncover novel regulators of seed size and further develop the current understanding of seed development, second-site mutations were induced in the auxin response factor 2 (arf2) mutant, which produces large seeds due to extra cell division in the ovule integuments. The ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY 4 (ACR4) gene was identified as a suppressor of the arf2 seed phenotype. In arf2-8 acr4 double mutants, an additive effect on cell proliferation was observed, indicating that ACR4 affects the seed coat through a developmental pathway independent of ARF2. Natural variation present in Arabidopsis was used to study seed yield and its components. Considerable variation in seed size, yield and HI was revealed. Significantly, high seed weight was not associated with high yield or high HI. In contrast, high seed number and reduced plant stature were revealed as important components of high yield and yield efficiency. Additionally, ERECTA was identified as a potential?Green Revolution? gene. Seed size in Arabidopsis was shown to be an extremely plastic trait in response to alterations in the post-flowering source-sink ratio, increasing by 35.0? 66.2% in the ecotypes tested. Furthermore, a difference in seed weight between restricted (high source-sink ratio) and unrestricted (low source-sink ratio) pollinations was first observed remarkably early in seed development. However, reducing seed number by restricting pollination did not substantially alter integument or endosperm development in order to facilitate increased nutrient uptake.
Book Synopsis Annual Plant Reviews, Insect-Plant Interactions by : Claudia Voelckel
Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews, Insect-Plant Interactions written by Claudia Voelckel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-02 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest volume in Wiley Blackwell’s prestigious Annual Plant Reviews brings together articles that describe the biochemical, genetic, and ecological aspects of plant interactions with insect herbivores.. The biochemistry section of this outstanding volume includes reviews highlighting significant findings in the area of plant signalling cascades, recognition of herbivore-associated molecular patterns, sequestration of plant defensive metabolites and perception of plant semiochemicals by insects. Chapters in the genetics section are focused on genetic mapping of herbivore resistance traits and the analysis of transcriptional responses in both plants and insects. The ecology section includes chapters that describe plant-insect interactions at a higher level, including multitrophic interactions, investigations of the cost-benefit paradigm and the altitudinal niche-breadth hypothesis, and a re-evaluation of co-evolution in the light of recent molecular research. Written by many of the world’s leading researchers in these subjects, and edited by Claudia Voelckel and Georg Jander, this volume is designed for students and researchers with some background in plant molecular biology or ecology, who would like to learn more about recent advances or obtain a more in-depth understanding of this field. This volume will also be of great use and interest to a wide range of plant scientists and entomologists and is an essential purchase for universities and research establishments where biological sciences are studied and taught. To view details of volumes in Annual Plant Reviews, visit: www.wiley.com/go/apr Also available from Wiley: Plant Defense Dale Walters 9781405175890 Herbicides and Plant Physiology, 2nd Edn Andrew Cobb & John Reade 9781405129350
Book Synopsis Decoding the Complexity of Natural Variation for Shoot Growth and Response to the Environment in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Charlotte Trontin
Download or read book Decoding the Complexity of Natural Variation for Shoot Growth and Response to the Environment in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Charlotte Trontin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genotypes adapted to contrasting environments are expected to behave differently when placed in common controlled conditions, if their sensitivity to environmental cues or intrinsic growth behaviour are set to different thresholds, or are limited at distinct levels. This allows natural variation to be exploited as an unlimited source of new alleles or genes for the study of the genetic basis of quantitative trait variation. My doctoral work focuses on analysing natural variation for shoot growth and response to the environment in A. thaliana. Natural variation analyses aim at understanding how molecular genetic or epigenetic diversity controls phenotypic variation at different scales and times of plant development and under different environmental conditions, and how selection or demographic processes influence the frequency of those molecular variants in populations for them to get adapted to their local environment. As such, the analysis of A. thaliana natural variation can be addressed using a variety of approaches, from genetics and molecular methods to ecology and evolutionary questions. During my PhD, I got the chance to tackle several of those aspects through my contributions to three independent projects which have in common to exploit A. thaliana natural variation. The first one is the analysis of the pattern of polymorphism from a set of 102 A. thaliana accessions at the MOT1 gene coding for a molybdate transporter (an essential micronutrient) and responsible for contrasted growth and fitness among accessions in response to Mo availability in the soil. I showed at different geographical scales that MOT1 pattern of polymorphisms is not consistent with neutral evolution and shows signs of diversifying selection. This work helped reinforce the hypothesis that in some populations, mutations in MOT1 have been selected to face soils rich in Mo and potentially deleterious despite their negative effect on Mo-limiting soils. The second project consists in the characterisation and functional analysis of two putative receptor-like kinases (RLKs) identified from their effect on shoot growth specifically under mannitol-supplemented media and not in response to other osmotic constraints. The function of such RLKs in A. thaliana, which is not known to synthesize mannitol was intriguing at first but, through different experiments, we built the hypothesis that those RLKs could be activated by the mannitol produced by some pathogens such as fungi and participate to plant defensive response. The third project, in collaboration with Michel Vincentz's team from CBMEG (Brasil) and Vincent Colot (IBENS, Paris), consists in the analysis of the occurrence of natural epigenetic variants of the QQS gene in different populations from Central Asia and their possible phenotypic and adaptive consequences. Overall, these analyses of the genetic and epigenetic molecular variation leading to the biomass phenotype(s) in interaction with the environment provide clues as to how and where in the pathways adaptation is shaping natural variation.
Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of Seed Dormancy and Seed Composition in Arabidopsis Thaliana Using Natural Variation by : Leónie Bentsink
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Seed Dormancy and Seed Composition in Arabidopsis Thaliana Using Natural Variation written by Leónie Bentsink and published by . This book was released on 2002* with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seeds written by J. Bewley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of our monograph on seed physiology and biochemistry (The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeds in Relation to Germination, Sprin ger-Verlag, 1978, 1982), it has been suggested to us that a text covering the same subject area would be appropriate. This book is our response. Unlike the previous volumes, however, this text is not intended to be either a critical or a comprehensive account. Instead it is a more generalized consideration of the essential aspects of seed physiology and biochemistry as we see them. It also includes a substantial amount of new and different material. In a work of this sort it is inevitable that some simplifications must be made, but we hope, never theless, that we have presented the most reasonable conspectus of areas of con troversy and uncertainty. In this respect, literature citations have been kept to a minimum and do not interrupt the text; they are placed at the end of each chapter and are intended to be used as a source for further references. We hope that this book will be of value to students and teachers in uni versities, colleges, and other institutes of higher learning whose courses include plant biology. Although it is particularly appropriate for studies of seed biol ogy, it should also find broader applications in general plant physiology, agri culture, and horticulture.
Book Synopsis Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits by : Dr M Kearsey
Download or read book Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits written by Dr M Kearsey and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a guide to the experimental and analytical methodologies available to study quantitative traits, a review of the genetic control of quantitative traits, and a discussion of how this knowledge can be applied to breeding problems and evolution.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309437385 Total Pages :607 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Genetically Engineered Crops by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Seeds by : Michael Fenner
Download or read book The Ecology of Seeds written by Michael Fenner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-02-24 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What determines the number and size of the seeds produced by a plant? How often should it reproduce them? How often should a plant produce them? Why and how are seeds dispersed, and what are the implications for the diversity and composition of vegetation? These are just some of the questions tackled in this wide-ranging review of the role of seeds in the ecology of plants. The authors bring together information on the ecological aspects of seed biology, starting with a consideration of reproductive strategies in seed plants and progressing through the life cycle, covering seed maturation, dispersal, storage in the soil, dormancy, germination, seedling establishment, and regeneration in the field. The text encompasses a wide range of concepts of general relevance to plant ecology, reflecting the central role that the study of seed ecology has played in elucidating many fundamental aspects of plant community function.
Author :James R. Ehleringer Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780387220697 Total Pages :560 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (26 download)
Book Synopsis A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems by : James R. Ehleringer
Download or read book A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems written by James R. Ehleringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-01-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees, CO2 concentration, climate change, herbivores, temperature.
Book Synopsis The Logic of Chance by : Eugene V. Koonin
Download or read book The Logic of Chance written by Eugene V. Koonin and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2011-06-23 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Logic of Chance offers a reappraisal and a new synthesis of theories, concepts, and hypotheses on the key aspects of the evolution of life on earth in light of comparative genomics and systems biology. The author presents many specific examples from systems and comparative genomic analysis to begin to build a new, much more detailed, complex, and realistic picture of evolution. The book examines a broad range of topics in evolutionary biology including the inadequacy of natural selection and adaptation as the only or even the main mode of evolution; the key role of horizontal gene transfer in evolution and the consequent overhaul of the Tree of Life concept; the central, underappreciated evolutionary importance of viruses; the origin of eukaryotes as a result of endosymbiosis; the concomitant origin of cells and viruses on the primordial earth; universal dependences between genomic and molecular-phenomic variables; and the evolving landscape of constraints that shape the evolution of genomes and molecular phenomes. "Koonin's account of viral and pre-eukaryotic evolution is undoubtedly up-to-date. His "mega views" of evolution (given what was said above) and his cosmological musings, on the other hand, are interesting reading." Summing Up: Recommended Reprinted with permission from CHOICE, copyright by the American Library Association.
Book Synopsis The Causes of Molecular Evolution by : John H. Gillespie
Download or read book The Causes of Molecular Evolution written by John H. Gillespie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-05-26 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a unified theory that addresses the important problem of the origin and maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. With modern molecular techniques, variation is found in all species, sometimes at astonishingly high levels. Yet, despite these observations, the forces that maintain variation within and between species have been difficult subjects of study. Because they act very weakly and operate over vast time scales, scientists must rely on indirect inferences and speculative mathematical models. However, despite these obstacles, many advances have been made. The author's research in molecular genetics, evolution, and bio-mathematics has enabled him to draw on this work, and present a coherent and valuable view of the field. The book is divided into three parts. The first consists of three chapters on protein evolution, DNA evolution, and molecular mechanisms. This section reviews the experimental observations on genetic variation. The second part gives a unified treatment of the mathematical theory of selection in a fluctuating environment. The final two chapters combine the earlier assessments in a treatment of the scientific status of two competing theories for the maintenance of genetic variation. Steeped in the enormous advances population genetics has made over the past 25 years, this book has proven highly popular among human geneticists, biologists, evolutionary theorists, and bio-mathematicians.
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