Genetic Analysis Of The Dry Trait Stem Architecture And Plant Water Content Components In Sorghum

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Genetic Analysis of the 'dry' Trait, Stem Architecture and Plant Water Content Components in Sorghum

Author : Huizhe Jin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of the 'dry' Trait, Stem Architecture and Plant Water Content Components in Sorghum by : Huizhe Jin

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of the 'dry' Trait, Stem Architecture and Plant Water Content Components in Sorghum written by Huizhe Jin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing energy demand and diminishing petroleum reserves, energy sources derived from renewable plant-based biomass are an attractive substitute for fossil fuels. Being the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world, sorghum is among one of the most attractive bioenergy feedstocks currently under active study. In this thesis, we provide a valuable addition to the genetic resources of sorghum by describing a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 161 F5 genotypes for the widest euploid cross that can be made in eusorghums, of annual S. bicolor x perennial S. propinquum. It offers advantages over early-generation populations of this cross that will shed new light on genetic, environmental, and physiological / biochemical factors that regulate plant growth and development. A combination of linkage and association genetic approaches using a S. bicolor x S. propinquum F2 population, a S. bicolor BTx623 x IS3620c RIL population, and a S. bicolor diversity panel of 354 accessions characterized at 265,487 SNPs allows us to: tentatively identity and characterize the D gene for the 0́dry' trait; and determine genomic regions corresponding to 3 stem diameter traits and 2 water content traits. We also revealed the evolutionary path of the D gene, as having evolved under balancing selection during a recent tandem expansion of the BGLU gene family in sorghum after its divergence from maize. Co-localizations of stem diameter and water content traits with a number of other bioenergy traits, including plant height, flowering time, branching, stem volume and the 0́8dry' trait, were also observed, suggesting that their inheritance may be functionally (pleiotropy) or physically (linkage disequilibrium) linked. Increasing knowledge of the genetic control of these bioenergy traits in sorghum, and in identification of corresponding genes and their functions, may lead to tools and strategies for either enhancing or suppressing these traits, supporting advances toward greater use of plant-based biomass in biofuel production.

Integrated Analysis of Phenology, Traits, and QTL in the Drought Tolerant Sorghum Genotypes BTx642 and RTx7000

Author : Brock D. Weers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Analysis of Phenology, Traits, and QTL in the Drought Tolerant Sorghum Genotypes BTx642 and RTx7000 by : Brock D. Weers

Download or read book Integrated Analysis of Phenology, Traits, and QTL in the Drought Tolerant Sorghum Genotypes BTx642 and RTx7000 written by Brock D. Weers and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development of two sorghum drought tolerant genotypes BTx642 (post-flowering drought tolerant, "stay green") and RTx7000 (pre-flowering drought tolerant) were characterized and compared. Differences in phenology and the growth and development of leaves and stalks were identified that could contribute to variation in shoot biomass, grain yield and response to water deficit. An F12 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the two parents was genotyped using the Illumina Genome Analyzer II platform and the information used to generate a genetic map useful for analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Seventy-two different traits were measured in the RIL population at anthesis and at grain maturity. Plants were grown in well-watered environments in greenhouse conditions and in field conditions near College Station, TX in 2008-2010. QTL mapping was used to analyze the genetic basis of trait variation in the population and to detect associations between traits. A total of 477 QTL were identified that in combination modulate leaf size (length, width, and area), shoot biomass accumulation (shoot, stalk, stem, leaf, and leaf sheath), panicle weight, root size and architecture (length, surface area, and volume, number of tips, forks and nodal roots, and root biomass), stalk and stem length, and flowering time. Six flowering time QTL were identified and variation in time to anthesis affected the expression of several other traits including leaf size and biomass accumulation. However, QTL infrequently had an impact on traits associated with different organs. The specificity observed is consistent with independent genetic control of traits associated with leaves, stems and roots. Nine QTL that modulated shoot biomass accumulation were detected that were not affected by flowering time. Of these, four shoot biomass QTL co-localized with leaf size traits. Eight QTL for panicle biomass were detected with two coincident with QTL for upper leaf size. A QTL for leaf width at anthesis was found to co-localize with a stay green locus.

Quantitative Genomic Analysis of Agroclimatic Traits in Sorghum

Author : Olalere Marcus Olatoye
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Genomic Analysis of Agroclimatic Traits in Sorghum by : Olalere Marcus Olatoye

Download or read book Quantitative Genomic Analysis of Agroclimatic Traits in Sorghum written by Olalere Marcus Olatoye and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has been anticipated to affect agriculture, with most the profound effect in regions where low input agriculture is being practiced. Understanding of how plants evolved in adaptation to diverse climatic conditions in the presence of local stressors (biotic and abiotic) can be beneficial for improved crop adaptation and yield to ensure food security. Great genetic diversity exists for agroclimatic adaptation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) but much of it has not been characterized. Thus, limiting its utilization in crop improvement. The application of next-generation sequencing has opened the plant genome for analysis to identify patterns of genome-wide nucleotide variations underlying agroclimatic adaptation. To understand the genetic basis of adaptive traits in sorghum, the genetic architecture of sorghum inflorescence traits was characterized in the first study. Phenotypic data were obtained from multi-environment experiments and used to perform joint linkage and genome-wide association mapping. Mapping results identified previously mapped and novel genetic loci underlying inflorescence morphology in sorghum. Inflorescence traits were found to be under the control of a few large and many moderate and minor effect loci. To demonstrate how our understanding of the genetic basis of adaptive traits can facilitate genomic enabled breeding, genomic prediction analysis was performed with results showing high prediction accuracies for inflorescence traits. In the second study, the sorghum-nested association mapping (NAM) population was used to characterize the genetic architecture of leaf erectness, leaf width, and stem diameter. About 2200 recombinant inbred lines were phenotyped in multiple environments. The obtained phenotypic data was used to perform joint linkage mapping using ~93,000 markers. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by QTL and their allele frequencies were estimated. Common and moderate effects QTL were found to underlie marker-trait associations. Furthermore, identified QTL co-localized with genes involved in both vegetative and inflorescence development. Our results provide insights into the genetic basis of leaf erectness and stem diameter in sorghum. The identified QTL will also facilitate the development of genomic-enable breeding tools for crop improvement and molecular characterization of the underlying genes Finally, in a third study, 607 Nigerian accessions were genotyped and the resulting genomic data [about 190,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] was used for downstream analysis. Genome-wide scans of selection and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed and alongside estimates of levels of genetic differentiation and genetic diversity. Results showed that phenotypic variation in the diverse germplasm had been shaped by local adaptation across climatic gradient and can provide plant genetic resources for crop improvement.

Lost Crops of Africa

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309176891
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Lost Crops of Africa by : National Research Council

Download or read book Lost Crops of Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-14 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scenes of starvation have drawn the world's attention to Africa's agricultural and environmental crisis. Some observers question whether this continent can ever hope to feed its growing population. Yet there is an overlooked food resource in sub-Saharan Africa that has vast potential: native food plants. When experts were asked to nominate African food plants for inclusion in a new book, a list of 30 species grew quickly to hundreds. All in all, Africa has more than 2,000 native grains and fruitsâ€""lost" species due for rediscovery and exploitation. This volume focuses on native cereals, including: African rice, reserved until recently as a luxury food for religious rituals. Finger millet, neglected internationally although it is a staple for millions. Fonio (acha), probably the oldest African cereal and sometimes called "hungry rice." Pearl millet, a widely used grain that still holds great untapped potential. Sorghum, with prospects for making the twenty-first century the "century of sorghum." Tef, in many ways ideal but only now enjoying budding commercial production. Other cultivated and wild grains. This readable and engaging book dispels myths, often based on Western bias, about the nutritional value, flavor, and yield of these African grains. Designed as a tool for economic development, the volume is organized with increasing levels of detail to meet the needs of both lay and professional readers. The authors present the available information on where and how each grain is grown, harvested, and processed, and they list its benefits and limitations as a food source. The authors describe "next steps" for increasing the use of each grain, outline research needs, and address issues in building commercial production. Sidebars cover such interesting points as the potential use of gene mapping and other "high-tech" agricultural techniques on these grains. This fact-filled volume will be of great interest to agricultural experts, entrepreneurs, researchers, and individuals concerned about restoring food production, environmental health, and economic opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection, Newbridge Garden Book Club

Molecular Breeding in Wheat, Maize and Sorghum

Author : Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1789245435
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Breeding in Wheat, Maize and Sorghum by : Mohammad Anwar Hossain

Download or read book Molecular Breeding in Wheat, Maize and Sorghum written by Mohammad Anwar Hossain and published by CABI. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global population is projected to reach almost 10 billion by 2050, and food and feed production will need to increase by 70%. Wheat, maize and sorghum are three key cereals which provide nutrition for the majority of the world's population. Their production is affected by various abiotic stresses which cause significant yield losses. The effects of climate change also increase the frequency and severity of such abiotic stresses. Molecular breeding technologies offer real hope for improving crop yields. Although significant progress has been made over the last few years, there is still a need to bridge the large gap between yields in the most favorable and most stressful conditions.

Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay-green Drought Tolerance Trait

Author : Karen Ruth Harris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (662 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay-green Drought Tolerance Trait by : Karen Ruth Harris

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay-green Drought Tolerance Trait written by Karen Ruth Harris and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the fifth most economically important cereal grown worldwide and is a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel. Sorghum, a C4 grass and a close relative to sugarcane, is adapted to hot, dry adverse environments. Some genotypes of sorghum called stay-green have delayed leaf senescence during grain ripening under drought stress conditions which allows normal grain filling whereas most sorghum lines senesce early under post-anthesis drought. Eight sources of stay-green have been identified in the sorghum germplasm collection, most originating from Sudan and Ethiopia. The diversity of the eight sources of staygreen was analyzed using 55 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers with genome coverage. This analysis showed that the sources of stay-green are quite diverse and can be divided into five groups based on race or working group. Three sources of stay-green have been used to identify 12 major quantitative trait loci (QTL) that modulate this trait. The origin of favorable alleles for stay-green was traced backward to ancestral lines and forward into breeding materials derived from stay-green germplasm. The analysis of the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green helped explain why subsets of stay-green QTL were identified in different studies and provided evidence that there may be more than one favorable allele in the sorghum germplasm for several of the stay-green QTL. Analysis of stay-green breeding lines from three public sorghum-breeding programs revealed that one of the main QTL identified in mapping studies was not being used in the breeding programs (0/13), most likely due to its association with an allele for lemon yellow seeds. In addition, a subset of the regions containing favorable alleles for staygreen from the genotype BTx642 were over represented in stay-green breeding lines. Nearly isogenic lines containing favorable alleles from BTx642 for Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, and Stg4 in a RTx7000 (senescent) background were characterized and each NIL was shown to exhibit a stay-green phenotype. Based in part on this information, fine-mapping of Stg1 was undertaken by crossing the Stg1 NIL to RTx7000. Overall, these results revealed the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green and the current utilization of alleles for stay-green in public breeding programs. In addition, this study identified additional stay-green sources that could be used for further QTL analysis and highlighted the genetic complexity of the stay-green trait.

Genetic Analysis of Stem Composition Variation in Sorghum Bicolor

Author : Joseph Evans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Analysis of Stem Composition Variation in Sorghum Bicolor by : Joseph Evans

Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Stem Composition Variation in Sorghum Bicolor written by Joseph Evans and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the world's fifth most economically important cereal crop, grown worldwide as a source of food for both humans and livestock. Sorghum is a C4 grass that is well adapted to hot and arid climes and is popular for cultivation on lands of marginal quality. Recent interest in development of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has drawn attention to sorghum, which can be cultivated in areas not suitable for more traditional crops, and is capable of generating plant biomass in excess of 40 tons per acre. While the quantity of biomass and low water consumption make sorghum a viable candidate for biofuels growth, the biomass composition is enriched in lignin, which is problematic for enzymatic and chemical conversion techniques. The genetic basis for stem composition was analyzed in sorghum populations using a combination of genetic, genomic, and bioinformatics techniques. Utilizing acetyl bromide extraction, the variation in stem lignin content was quantified across several sorghum cultivars, confirming that lignin content varied considerably among sorghum cultivars. Previous work identifying sorghum reduced-lignin lines has involved the monolignol biosynthetic pathway; all steps in the pathway were putatively identified in the sorghum genome using sequence analysis. A bioinformatics toolkit was constructed to allow for the development of genetic markers in sorghum populations, and a database and web portal were generated to allow users to access previously developed genetic markers. Recombinant inbred lines were analyzed for stem composition using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) and genetic maps constructed using restriction site-linked polymorphisms, revealing 34 quantitative trail loci (QTL) for stem composition variation in a BTx642 x RTx7000 population, and six QTL for stem composition variation in an SC56 x RTx7000 population. Sequencing the genome of BTx642 and RTx7000 to a depth of ~11x using Illumina sequencing revealed approximately 1.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1 million SNPs, respectively. These polymorphisms can be used to identify putative amino acid changes in genes within these genotypes, and can also be used for fine mapping. Plotting the density of these SNPs revealed patterns of genetic inheritance from shared ancestral lines both between the newly sequenced genotypes and relative to the reference genotype BTx623.

Harvesting Plant and Microbial Biodiversity for Sustainably Enhanced Food Security

Author : Laurent Laplaze
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454444
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Harvesting Plant and Microbial Biodiversity for Sustainably Enhanced Food Security by : Laurent Laplaze

Download or read book Harvesting Plant and Microbial Biodiversity for Sustainably Enhanced Food Security written by Laurent Laplaze and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World population will reach 9 billion by 2050, with the majority of this growth occurring in developing countries. On the other hand, one in nine of the World's population suffers from chronic hunger, the vast majority of which live in developing countries. We therefore need to find new and sustainable solutions to feed this increasing population and alleviate the predicted negative impact of global changes on crop production. This e-Book deals with new strategies to improve food security and livelihoods in rural communities, reduce vulnerability, increase resilience and mitigate lthe impact of climate change and land degradation on agriculture. This collection of 18 articles addresses the major abiotic factors limiting crop production worldwide, how to characterize and exploit the available plant biodiversity to increase production and sustainability in agrosystems, and the use of beneficial microbes to improve production and reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides.

Characterization of the Phenotype and Genomic Diversity in Sorghum

Author : Sebastian Parra-Londono
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of the Phenotype and Genomic Diversity in Sorghum by : Sebastian Parra-Londono

Download or read book Characterization of the Phenotype and Genomic Diversity in Sorghum written by Sebastian Parra-Londono and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of the genetic and phenotypic diversity of a crop is crucial to characterize the adaptability of the species to environmental stress conditions. Combining large sets of morphological and genomic data, it is possible to elucidate the genetic basis of important agricultural traits, which is useful for breeding aims and to develop selection strategies. In this study, a sorghum diversity panel, was grown in optimal and abiotic stress conditions. High-throughput phenotyping methodologies were used to assess plant root system architecture, emergence and survival rate.eng

Sorghum

Author : Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0891186271
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Sorghum by : Ignacio A. Ciampitti

Download or read book Sorghum written by Ignacio A. Ciampitti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. Sorghum is a resilient crop under high-stress environments, ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail. Scientists see the potential of sorghum as a main staple food in a future challenged by climate change. The contributors provide a comprehensive review of sorghum knowledge. The discussion covers genetic improvements, development of new hybrids, biotechnology, and physiological modifications. Production topics include water and nutrient management, rotations, and pest control. Final end uses, sorghum as a bioenergy crop, markets, and the future of sorghum are presented. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.

Sustainable Remedies for Abiotic Stress in Cereals

Author : Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811951217
Total Pages : 679 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Remedies for Abiotic Stress in Cereals by : Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef

Download or read book Sustainable Remedies for Abiotic Stress in Cereals written by Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an elaborate account of the effects of abiotic stressors on cereals crops. It not only discusses the impacts of abiotic stress on the crops but also the physiological, biochemical, and molecular strategies applied in plant of cereal crops to alleviate the detrimental effects of abiotic stressors. The book also elaborates on various molecular response to the abiotic stress. It is a knowledgebase providing readers latest updates on development of high-performance diagnostics, stress induced responses, genomics, phenomics and metabolomics involved in abiotic stress tolerance of cereal food crops. The book is useful for plant scientists and research scholars. Post graduate students of agriculture sciences, plant physiology, botany and biochemistry also benefit from this compilation.

Sorghum and Pearl Millet as Climate Resilient Crops for Food and Nutrition Security

Author : Mahalingam Govindaraj
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832501435
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Sorghum and Pearl Millet as Climate Resilient Crops for Food and Nutrition Security by : Mahalingam Govindaraj

Download or read book Sorghum and Pearl Millet as Climate Resilient Crops for Food and Nutrition Security written by Mahalingam Govindaraj and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-03 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Water Use Efficiency in Plant Biology

Author : Mark Bacon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 140514999X
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Use Efficiency in Plant Biology by : Mark Bacon

Download or read book Water Use Efficiency in Plant Biology written by Mark Bacon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume to provide comprehensive coverage of the biology of water use efficiency at molecular, cellular, whole plant and community levels. While several works have included the phenomenon of water use efficiency, and others have concentrated on an agronomic framework, this book represents the first detailed treatment with a biological focus. The volume sets out the definitions applicable to water use efficiency, the fundamental physiology and biochemistry governing the efficiency of carbon vs water loss, the environmental regulation of this process and the detailed physiological basis by which the plant exerts control over such efficiency. It is aimed at researchers and professionals in plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, developmental biology and agriculture. It will also inform those involved in formulating research and development policy in this topic around the world.

Biofuels

Author : Dwight Tomes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441971459
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuels by : Dwight Tomes

Download or read book Biofuels written by Dwight Tomes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume developed under the guidance of guest editors Prakash Lakshmanan and David Songstad features broad coverage of the topic of biofuels and its significance to the economy and to agriculture. These chapters were first published by In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology In Vitro Plant in 2009 and consists of 15 chapters from experts who are recognized both for their scientific accomplishments and global perspective in their assigned topics.

The Indian Journal of Genetics & Plant Breeding

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Indian Journal of Genetics & Plant Breeding by :

Download or read book The Indian Journal of Genetics & Plant Breeding written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

American Doctoral Dissertations

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Rice Genomics, Genetics and Breeding

Author : Takuji Sasaki
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811074615
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Rice Genomics, Genetics and Breeding by : Takuji Sasaki

Download or read book Rice Genomics, Genetics and Breeding written by Takuji Sasaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-14 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest advances in rice genomics, genetics and breeding, with a special focus on their importance for rice biology and how they are breathing new life into traditional genetics. Rice is the main staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Accordingly, sustainable rice production is a crucial issue, particularly in Asia and Africa, where the population continues to grow at an alarming rate. The book’s respective chapters offer new and timely perspectives on the synergistic effects of genomics and genetics in novel rice breeding approaches, which can help address the urgent issue of providing enough food for a global population that is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050.