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Author : Richard W. Lu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (157 download)
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase Mutants written by Richard W. Lu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nouri Neamati
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118015363
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)
Download or read book HIV-1 Integrase written by Nouri Neamati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers the mechanisms of action and inhibitor design for HIV-1 integrase. It serves as a resource for scientists facing challenging drug design issues and researchers in antiviral drug discovery. Despite numerous review articles and isolated book chapters dealing with HIV-1 integrase, there has not been a single source for those working to devise anti-AIDS drugs against this promising target. But this book fills that gap and offers a valuable introduction to the field for the interdisciplinary scientists who will need to work together to design drugs that target HIV-1 integrase.
Author : Charles Warren Dobard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)
Download or read book Investigating the Functional Interaction Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase and Reverse Transcripts and the Mechanism by which Integrase Influences the Early Events of Reverse Transcription written by Charles Warren Dobard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chin-Tien Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag Proteins written by Chin-Tien Wang and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stuart LeGrice
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461472911
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase written by Stuart LeGrice and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reverse Transcriptase (RT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) arguably ranks amongst one of the most extensively studied retroviral enzymes. Heterologous expression and purification of HIV-1 RT in the early eighties, approval of the first nucleoside analogue RT inhibitor (NRTI) in 1987, discovery of resistance to RT inhibitors, approval of the first non-nucleoside analogue RT inhibitor (NNRTI) in 1996 and the various crystal structures of RT with and without bound substrate(s) and/or inhibitors represent only a few of the important milestones that describe the a bench-to-bedside success in the continuing effort to combat HIV-1 infection and its consequences. Nucleoside and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors remain important components in frequently used drug regimens to treat the infection. RT inhibitors also play important roles in recently validated strategies to prevent transmission of the virus. The relevance of HIV-1 RT as a drug target has simultaneously triggered interest in basic research studies aimed at providing a more detailed understanding of interactions between proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecule ligands in general terms. In light of the ever-growing knowledge on structure and function of HIV-1 RT, this enzyme serves as a valuable “model system” in efforts to develop novel experimental tools and to explain biochemical processes. This monograph is designed to provide an overview of important aspects in past and current HIV-1 RT research, with focus on mechanistic aspects and translation of knowledge into drug discovery and development. The first section includes chapters with emphasis placed on the coordination of the RT-associated DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities. The second covers mechanisms of action and future perspectives associated with NRTIs and NNRTIs, while the third section includes chapters focusing on novel strategies to target the RT enzyme. Chapters of the final part are intended to discuss mechanisms involved in HIV variability and the development of drug resistance. We hope that these contributions will stimulate interest, and encourage research aimed at the development of novel RT inhibitors. The lack of bona fide RNase H inhibitors with potent antiviral activity provides an example for challenges and opportunities in the field.
Author : Michael Dean Schwartz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Viral Proteins Involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA Encapsidation written by Michael Dean Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Emilio Emini
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691004544
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Human Immunodeficiency Virus written by Emilio Emini and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-27 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few years have witnessed an explosive increase in our collective knowledge of the biology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Researchers have acquired new understanding of the virus's biochemistry, molecular biology, pathogenesis, genetics, and immunobiology. Resulting therapeutic advances have significantly prolonged the lives of thousands. Yet, the need to develop better therapies is ever more acute and--given the virus's continued spread through the human population--the need for an effective vaccine is urgent. These goals can be accomplished only through the experienced synthesis of information from the many disciplines participating in HIV research and through the insights of new investigators. This volume is designed to lower the barriers imposed on investigators by the sheer volume of available information--information that often can be found only in far-flung and specialized journals. It provides, in a single resource, an in-depth overview of the diverse areas that constitute HIV research. The result is a broad introduction for students and researchers new to the field as well as an integrated overview for researchers specialized in particular areas of HIV investigation. The volume will also benefit those seeking technical understanding of the virus's biology, including physicians treating HIV-infected patients. Each chapter is a comprehensive presentation of one area of current AIDS research--including work on the virus life cycle, epidemiology, genetics, protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, receptor and co-receptor interactions, therapeutic targets, clinical treatment, immunobiology, and vaccines--written by a leading researcher in that area. The contributors are Jon P. Anderson, Jan Balzarini, Elana Cherry, Thomas J. Coates, Chris Collins, Jon H. Condra, Mark B. Feinberg, Richard B. Gaynor, Matthias Götte, Daria J. Hazuda, Spyros Kalams, Nathaniel R. Landau, Gerald H. Learn, Norman L. Letvin, James I. Mullins, Willscott E. Naugler, David Nickle, Matthew Rain, Allen G. Rodrigo, Daniel Shriner, Shalom Spira, Mario Stevenson, Todd Summers, Catherine Ulich, Joseph P. Vacca, Mark A. Wainberg, Bruce D. Walker, and Yang Wang.
Author : Shewit Tekeste
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Characterizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Interaction written by Shewit Tekeste and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication requires the reverse transcription of its RNA genome into double-stranded DNA copies within the cytoplasm before integration into the host chromosome. Reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) are the viral enzymes responsible for catalyzing the essential steps of reverse transcription and integration, respectively. While numerous studies have led to a greater understanding of the functional roles that RT and IN individually play in HIV-1 replication, little is known about the functional role of RT-IN complex formation in vivo. We hypothesize that RT-IN interaction has functional significance in HIV-1 reverse transcription and replication kinetics. We have mapped the putative binding domain of RT on IN to nine residues on the IN C-terminal domain (CTD). We tested the significance of RT-IN interaction on reverse transcription and viral replication, and identified the step at which viral replication of these IN mutants become defective. We observed impairment of viral cDNA synthesis in viruses harboring IN mutations at the putative RT-binding surface, supporting our hypothesis that the RT-IN interaction during the reverse transcription step is biologically relevant. We have developed a pharmacological approach to study and screen for inhibitors against the RT-IN interaction. Lastly, we have also initiated biochemical studies to determine the IN binding domain domain on RT to contribute to the full understanding of the binding mechanism.
Author : Kai Zhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)
Download or read book Biochemical and Pharmacological Characterizations of the Structure and Function of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase and Its Role During Early Steps of the Viral Life Cycle written by Kai Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Itachi Publications
Publisher : Itachi Publications
ISBN 13 : 9783763043071
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Decoding Diversity Understanding Novel Mutations in HIV-1 Rev and LTR Genes written by Itachi Publications and published by Itachi Publications. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) belongs to the Retroviridae family and the sub family Lentivirinae. Infection with HIV usually culminates in AIDS over a variable period of time. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV primarily infects critical cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4 T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells). The infection results in the loss of natural defense against trivial infections and makes the patient susceptible to various opportunistic infections resulting in the eventual death of the patient. HIV has a diploid RNA genome encoding nine viral proteins. HIV-1, demonstrates high genetic diversity due to lack of proof reading ability of its enzyme, reverse transcriptase. Although the HIV-1 epidemic in India is mainly due to subtype C, other subtypes have also been reported from different parts of India. To combat the infection and for the development of new anti-viral strategies, it is necessary to appreciate the extent of naturally found variations in HIV-1 genes. The focus of the present work was to study the naturally occurring novel mutations in HIV-1 Rev. LTR, Nef and Vpu genes. Since Rev is an important regulatory gene of HIV-1 genome for expression of HIV-1 structural proteins and production of genomic RNA. We first study the genetic and functional characterization of HIV-1 Rev derived from HIV-1 infected individuals in North India to find out the levels of genetic changes and to determine their functional relevance.
Author : Sarah Ashelford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Molecular and Functional Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 ENV Genes written by Sarah Ashelford and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yingfeng Zheng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Functional Analysis on the Interactions of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase with Its Cofactors that Regulate Viral Replication written by Yingfeng Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like all viruses, the replication of HIV-1 relies heavily on host proteins due to its limited genome products. HIV-1 integrase (IN) catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into host genome and also impacts other steps of viral replication cycle, all of which are assisted by various cellular proteins. Among them, LEDGF/p75 acts as the IN-to-chromatin tethering factor. However, whether other cellular cofactors also participate in this process still remains elusive. To gain insight into the mechanism of action of HIV-1 IN during viral integration, we used a previously described IN/yeast lethality system and our results revealed that the HIV-1 IN-induced yeast lethality absolutely required its chromatin binding ability. Since there is no yeast homolog of LEDGF/p75, it raises the possibility that IN may recruit other cellular cofactors for its chromatin targeting. Consistently, further analysis in mammalian cells indicated that HIV-1 IN was able to mediate chromatin binding independent of IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction and that HIV-1 fitness relied more on chromatin binding than LEDGF/p75 binding of IN. These data greatly enrich our current knowledge on the dynamic interplay within the ternary complex IN/LEDGF/chromatin. HIV-1 exploits multiple cellular cofactors not only to facilitate viral replication, but also to evade the host defense system in favor of the virus. IN is known to be an unstable protein, degraded by the host ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. To investigate how IN avoids the host degradation machinery in the context of viral infection, we showed that IN interacted with host protein Ku70 and protected itself from the Lys48-linked polyubiquitination proteasomal pathway. More importantly, Ku70 was shown to be incorporated into the progeny virus in an IN-dependent manner, and both cell- and virus- associated Ku70 were essential for HIV-1 replication. Finally, the data demonstrated that the interactions between HIV-1 IN and host cofactors can be regulated through its SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs). Three putative SIMs (72VILV75; 200IVDI203 and 257IKII260) in IN were examined and shown to be essential for IN-LEDGF/p75 but not IN-Ku70 interaction. In summary, this study advances our knowledge of the interaction network between IN and its cofactors, which would have important implications for the design of anti-HIV drugs.
Author : William A. Haseltine
Publisher : Raven Press (ID)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Genetic Structure and Regulation of HIV written by William A. Haseltine and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1991 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a conference sponsored by the Harvard AIDS Institute, this volume examines the control of gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the human T cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and 2) and related retroviruses.
Author : Stephanie Leigh Rose
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (841 download)
Download or read book Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-pro Genetic Variability is Related to Therapy Response and Impacts Viral Fitness in Specific Cell Types written by Stephanie Leigh Rose and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the etiological agent of AIDS. HIV-1 infection is treated with a combination of inhibitors against the viral enzymes reverse transcriptase and protease. Viral rebound during combination therapy may result from the accumulation of mutations in gag-pro. Drug resistant mutations can result in reduced replicative ability or fitness of the virus. A number of mutations in Gag and Protease [PR] may restore the replicative ability of mutant viruses. The specific aims of this dissertation were 1) to evaluate the relationship of pretherapy protease polymorphisms with therapy response, 2) to analyze gag-pro sequences following 24 weeks of combination therapy for patterns indicative of therapy response, 3) to evaluate viral trafficking within the blood compartments using protease inhibitor resistance as a genotypic marker, and 4) to determine the functional impact of gag-pro polymorphisms on replication capacity in T cells and macrophages.
Author : Kallesh Danappa Jayappa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Molecular Analysis of the Contributions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Integrase in Post Entry Steps of Early Stage Virus Replication written by Kallesh Danappa Jayappa and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michelle Lynne Holmes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)
Download or read book Incorporation of Integrase-LexA Fusion Proteins Into HIV-1 and Analysis of Resulting Virions written by Michelle Lynne Holmes and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rogier Willem Sanders
Publisher : Amsterdam University Press
ISBN 13 : 9789053566671
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (666 download)
Download or read book The HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins written by Rogier Willem Sanders and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for a vaccine against HIV is obvious, but the development of an effective vaccine has met with frustrations. The HIV envelope glycoproteins, residing in the viral membrane, are the sole viral proteins exposed on the outside of virus particles and.
