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Gender And The Association Between Discrimination And Psychological Distress Amongst African Americans In The California Quality Of Life Survey
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Book Synopsis Gender and the Association Between Discrimination and Psychological Distress Amongst African Americans in the California Quality of Life Survey by : Matthew Glenn
Download or read book Gender and the Association Between Discrimination and Psychological Distress Amongst African Americans in the California Quality of Life Survey written by Matthew Glenn and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Internalized Racism and Gendered Colorism Among African Americans by : Trinity Alexander
Download or read book Internalized Racism and Gendered Colorism Among African Americans written by Trinity Alexander and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hidden within the commonly discussed notion of racism is discrimination based on skin color, also known as colorism. Colorism is a form of prejudice in which people are treated differently based on societal meanings attached to skin color. Even less evaluated is the notion of intra-group colorism, which is prejudice based on color within a single ethnic group. The current research studied the unique ways in which colorism affects African American men and women. Procedure: Participants were recruited online via MTurk and completed three Implicit Association Tests (IAT) and one Questionnaire. The IATs examined participant's preference for light vs. medium skin tone, light vs. dark skin tone, and medium vs. dark skin tone. The questionnaire explored participants' beliefs about skin tone and skin color satisfaction, skin tone preferences, internalized racist views, and perceived discrimination. Results: Men and women explicitly preferred lighter skin tones over dark skin. The implicit desire for the lighter of two skin tones was observed in both gender groups, with men preferring light over medium skin tones, light over dark skin tones, and medium over dark skin tones. Women only showed a preference for medium over dark skin tones. As skin color preference became lighter, colorism increased for men but not for women. As internalized racism, skin color dissatisfaction, and colorism increased, psychological distress also increased for men and women. Skin color satisfaction, colorism, and internalized racism uniquely explained variance in one another for men and women. As women's skin color became darker, perceived discrimination increased. Perceived skin color-based discrimination from other African Americans led to increased psychological distress for women. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that experiences of colorism differ by gender, and the effects of intra-group colorism may be especially harmful to women. Future research should seek to understand these relationships with more clarity by including a more comprehensive choice of skin color options and exploring other ways in which variables relate to and predict one another.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Coping with Discrimination by : Joanie Marie Mitchell
Download or read book Coping with Discrimination written by Joanie Marie Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research utilized data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) to examine the effect of discrimination on health among various sub-groups in the black population: African American and Afro-Caribbean women and men. The stress process model was used to investigate whether anger inflicted by discrimination, had a negative impact on mental and physical health. In addition, the stress process model was also used to investigate protective influence of various forms of coping in face of such an unfair treatment. Results indicated that anger inflicted by discrimination was indeed harmful for one's health consistently across the gender and ethnic subgroups in the black population except for Afro-Caribbean men. In addition, the most common forms of coping were not necessarily helpful in reducing the negative impacts of discrimination on health or promoting health directly. The importance of more systematic and long-term focused research on coping with discrimination to reduce the negative health effects of anger is discussed.
Book Synopsis Relationship of Discrimination and Early Life Socioeconomics on Health Outcomes in Healthy Young African American Women by : Helen Elizabeth Dale
Download or read book Relationship of Discrimination and Early Life Socioeconomics on Health Outcomes in Healthy Young African American Women written by Helen Elizabeth Dale and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: There is a lack of understanding of contributors to disparate outcomes for African American (AA) women. This research sought to identify the direct effects of racial and gender discrimination and early life socioeconomic position on psychological distress and biomarkers of stress and inflammation and the mediating effects of psychological distress on physiological processes. Fifty African American women between the ages of 18-29 who self-identified as healthy were recruited to participate in the study. This was a cross sectional descriptive correlation study. Data were collected in the Clinical Research Center at the Ohio State University. After the participant was consented data collection occurred. Data were initially analyzed descriptively. Multiple bivariate regressions were performed for testing of hypotheses 1-7, and a multiple regression model was utilized for hypothesis 8. Results showed a significant relationship between gender discrimination and psychological distress. A significant inverse relationship was also identified between gender discrimination and the stress marker DHEA-S, indicating long-term stress exposure. Discussion of limitations and recommendations for future research are addressed.
Book Synopsis Racial Discrimination, Social Support and Psychological Distress Among Black Pregnant Women by : Camilla Lisbeth Carey
Download or read book Racial Discrimination, Social Support and Psychological Distress Among Black Pregnant Women written by Camilla Lisbeth Carey and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this dissertation research was to examine the associations among racial discrimination, social support, and psychological distress among Black pregnant women. The dissertation was guided by the Ecological Systems theory which has three domains that pertain to this research: individual, interpersonal, and community. A literature review was conducted to investigate what is known about the association between racial discrimination and psychological distress among Black pregnant women. This review found that seventeen of the nineteen studies included reported a positive association between racial discrimination and psychological distress among Black pregnant or postpartum women. Limited research focused on the potential moderating effect of social support on the association between racial discrimination with psychological distress among Black pregnant women. Using a cross-sectional design, this dissertation research examined the moderating effect of social support on the association of racial discrimination with psychological distress among a sample of 599 Black pregnant women. I found that experiences of racial discrimination were related to lower levels of social support and higher levels of psychological wellbeing among these women. Social support related to lower levels of psychological wellbeing; however, social support did not moderate the association of racial discrimination with psychological distress in this sample. Finally, I found that the most frequently reported experiences of discrimination were in a store or restaurant and on the street or public setting and the least frequently reported experience was getting medical care among women in this study. Women who reported discrimination in all, but one situation reported lower levels of psychological wellbeing compared with women who did not report discrimination in these situations. This dissertation research adds to the knowledge related to the associations among racial discrimination, social support, and psychological distress among Black pregnant women.
Download or read book Mental Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Intersection of Trauma, Race and Gender in the United States by : Joni Ladawn Ricks
Download or read book The Intersection of Trauma, Race and Gender in the United States written by Joni Ladawn Ricks and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the effect of several different potentially traumatic experiences. The first study, using information from six years of the California Women's Health Survey (1999-2001, 2003-2005), examined the association between food insecurity and intimate partner violence (IPV) among a racially and ethnically heterogeneous population of women. Findings showed that minority women had higher odds of both food insecurity and IPV when compared to White women. Moreover, a dose-response association was detected, with women reporting food insecurity without hunger having a 2 fold higher odds of IPV and those reporting food insecurity with hunger having a nearly 5-fold higher odds of IPV when compared to women who were food secure. The second study, using information from the 2001 National Survey of American Life, assessed the association between a history of a potentially traumatic experience and mental distress in the previous 30 days among a population-based sample of African-Americans and Caribbean-born Blacks. I explored the modifying effect of both positive and negative forms of church-based social support on this association. The results indicated a positive association between a history of a potentially traumatic experience and mental distress as well as negative church-based social support and mental distress. A trend (p =.08) was detected when examining the modifying effect of negative church-based support. The last study examined the association between emotional and physical maltreatment in childhood and past-year alcohol dependence in adulthood in the 1995-1996 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS). I examined whether this association differed by race/ethnicity and gender. Similar to previous research, I found that minority respondents reporting a race other than Black or White reported the highest prevalence of all forms of childhood maltreatment. The results indicated that men had higher odds of alcohol dependence and physical maltreatment when compared to women. Additionally, higher odds of alcohol dependence were found among men who reported emotional maltreatment in childhood as compared to men who did not experience any emotional maltreatment.
Book Synopsis The Interactive Roles of Gender and Ethnicity in African-American Women's Mental Health by : Dianna N. Moses-Nunley
Download or read book The Interactive Roles of Gender and Ethnicity in African-American Women's Mental Health written by Dianna N. Moses-Nunley and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For African-American women, female gender and African-American (AA) ethnicity combine to create experiences of discrimination, discrimination related stress, and mental health issues that are not encountered by individuals who occupy only one of these status variables. Gender and ethnicity also influence socioeconomic status, an additional variable affecting the experiences and issues that AA women uniquely encounter. The first goal of this study was to examine the ways in which the combined social statuses of gender and ethnicity influence the discriminatory experiences and mental health of AA women. The second goal was to determine the ways in which AA women's self-reported personal experiences with discrimination affect their mental health. The third goal was to examine how these relationships vary between AA women and individuals who share only one of their social status variables: European American (EA) women and AA men. The final goal was to determine the contribution of socioeconomic status to these relationships. A community sample of 358 participants was recruited, consisting of 104 AA women, 82 AA men, 97 EA women, and 75 EA men. Participants completed a composite socioeconomic status measure, The Combined Schedule of Sexist and Racist Events, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and a Symptom Checklist. Results indicated that AAs report more racism and interactive racism and sexism than EAs; and women reported more sexism than men. AA women did not differ significantly from other groups in reported discrimination or mental health. As a group, women reported more psychological distress symptoms than men and AAs reported poorer life satisfaction than EAs. Sexism predicted greater psychological distress symptoms in the total sample, but when AAs and AA women were examined separately, only racism predicted symptoms. SES contributed to life satisfaction but not symptoms, and did not attenuate the roles of sexism and racism in mental health. Preliminary analyses also suggested SES did not contribute to racial and gender group differences in reported discrimination or mental health.
Book Synopsis Mental Health, Racism And Sexism by : Charles V Willie
Download or read book Mental Health, Racism And Sexism written by Charles V Willie and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following their book "Racism and Mental Health", the authors here re-examine the intersections of racism and mental health, adding sexism as another divisive issue that profoundly affects mental health. The book aims to offer fresh perspectives on contemporary controversial issues, including: interracial adoptions, teenage motherhood, gender bias in mental health diagnosis and therapy, prisons used as substitutes for hospitals, homeless families, and increasing violence in the home and on the streets.
Book Synopsis Health Psychology by : Regan A. R. Gurung
Download or read book Health Psychology written by Regan A. R. Gurung and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fifth Edition of Health Psychology: Well-Being in a Diverse World guides students through the key determinants of behavior, such as family, environment, ethnicity, and religion. Each chapter delves into the biological foundations of health, presents interdisciplinary case studies, and integrates personality and social psychological theories, fostering a comprehensive grasp of the subject.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health by : Esther D. Rothblum
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health written by Esther D. Rothblum and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of research on the mental health of sexual minorities-defined as those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or same-gender attracted; as well as the mental health of gender minorities-defined as individuals who do not fully identify with their sex assigned at birth, including people who are transgender or gender non-binary. The twenty-first century has seen encouraging improvements in sampling, methods, and funding opportunities for research with sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations; nevertheless, a key purpose of this Handbook is to identify lingering gaps in research in order to motivate future scientists to expand knowledge about SGM mental health. The volume begins with a historical overview, followed by sections on mental health categories/diagnoses (such as anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, and suicide) and specific sexual and gender minority populations (including examinations of diverse ethnicities and orientations/identities). The handbook concludes with chapters on stigma, the role of resilience, and future directions for research with SGM groups. The volume is aimed at researchers conducting studies on the mental health of SGM populations, clinicians and researchers interested in psychiatric disorders that affect SGM populations, clinicians using evidence-based practice in the treatment of SGM patients/clients, students in mental health programs (clinical psychology, psychiatry, clinical social work, and psychiatric nursing), and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Asian American Health by : Grace J. Yoo
Download or read book Handbook of Asian American Health written by Grace J. Yoo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-11 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asian Americans encounter a range of health issues often unknown to the American public, policy makers, researchers and even clinicians. National research often combines Asian Americans into a single category, not taking into account the differences and complexity among Asian ethnic subgroups. The definition of Asian American derives from the U.S. Census Bureau’s definition of Asian, which includes peoples from all the vast territories of the Far East, Southeast Asia and the South Asian Subcontinent. While Census classifications determine demographic measurements that affect equal opportunity programs, the broad rubric “Asian-American” can never describe accurately the more than 50 distinct Asian American subgroups, who together comprise multifaceted diversity across cultural ethnicities, socio-economic status, languages, religions and generations. This volume rectifies that situation by exploring the unique needs and health concerns of particular subgroups within the Asian American community. It consolidates a wide range of knowledge on various health issues impacting Asian Americans while also providing a discussion into the cultural, social, and structural forces impacting morbidity, mortality and quality of life. The volume is designed to advance the understanding of Asian American health by explaining key challenges and identifying emerging trends faced in specific ethnic groups and diseases/illnesses, innovative community-based interventions and the future needed areas of research.
Book Synopsis Examining the Role of Gendered Racial Identity in the Relationship Between Gendered Racism and Psychological Distress in Black Women by : Dominique C. Doty
Download or read book Examining the Role of Gendered Racial Identity in the Relationship Between Gendered Racism and Psychological Distress in Black Women written by Dominique C. Doty and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racism, sexism, and other forms of oppression are consequential to Black women's mental health. The current research examines the psychological impact of gendered racism, which is oppression on the basis of both gender and race, and the extent to which gendered racial identity may buffer the association between gendered racism and psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms) among U.S. Black women. The study includes a sample of 150 Black women (at least 18 years of age or older, mean age = 39.11) recruited using Qualtrics panel service. Women were administered measures of gendered racism, gendered racial identity, and mental health (i.e., anxiety and depression). Data was analyzed through a series of bivariate correlations and moderation analyses using PROCESS macro. Results revealed that gendered racial identity did not moderate the association between gendered racism and mental health. This study advances our understanding of the oppression Black women contend with on the basis of their race and gender and offers insight about the factors that may mitigate the psychological impact of this phenomenon on Black women.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Psychology and Sexual Orientation by : Charlotte Patterson
Download or read book Handbook of Psychology and Sexual Orientation written by Charlotte Patterson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first authoritative summary of its kind in this area, the Handbook of Psychology and Sexual Orientation is the primary resource for the many researchers, including a new generation of investigators, who are continuing to advance understanding in this field. The volume editors along with other leading experts, contribute an extraordinary review of contemporary psychological research and theory on sexual orientation in their specific fields of work.
Book Synopsis Testing an Integrated Model of Racism-related Stress Among Black Americans by : Alexis M. Clarke
Download or read book Testing an Integrated Model of Racism-related Stress Among Black Americans written by Alexis M. Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to empirically test an integrated model of racism-related stress that incorporated aspects of two existing models of racism-related stress: the Biopsychosocial Model of Perceived Racism (BMPR; Clark, Anderson, Clark, & Williams, 1999) and the Model of Racism-related Stress and Well-being (MRSW; Harrell, 2000). Specifically, this study examined the influence of antecedent variables (i.e., gender, age, SES, and racial composition) and racial socialization on racism-related stress and the subsequent influence this stress had on health outcomes (i.e., psychological distress and anger). The study also explored if cultural and race variables (i.e., cultural coping and racial attitudes) moderated this relation among Black Americans. A community sample of 185 self-identified Black Americans completed a paper-and-pencil survey. Findings provided partial support for the integrated model. Specifically, contextual factors were related to racism-related stress and the relation between racism-related stress and psychological outcomes was moderated by cultural coping, although not in the expected direction. Specifically, men, individuals in neighborhoods with fewer Black residents, and individuals who received messages about race and racism (i.e., racial socialization) reported greater levels of racism-related stress. Additionally, collective coping was a moderator between racism-related stress and psychological distress. Although, on average, the use of greater collective coping was related to increased psychological distress, it appears that the level of racism-related stress individuals reported mattered in understanding this relation. For participants who reported fewer experiences with racism-related stress incidents and who reported lower levels of collectivistic coping showed the lowest levels of psychological distress. For those who reported both greater experiences with racism-related stress, there were no real differences between high or low collective coping efforts. Ritual coping also moderated the relation between racism-related stress and psychological outcomes (i.e., psychological distress and anger), such that individuals who reported higher levels of racism-related stress and used greater ritual coping strategies to deal with the stress were more likely to report greater levels of psychological distress and anger. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Book Synopsis Social Epidemiology by : Lisa F. Berkman
Download or read book Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
