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Gasoline Like Fuel Effects On High Load Boosted Hcci Combustion Employing Negative Valve Overlap Strategy
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Book Synopsis Gasoline-like Fuel Effects on High-load, Boosted HCCI Combustion Employing Negative Valve Overlap Strategy by :
Download or read book Gasoline-like Fuel Effects on High-load, Boosted HCCI Combustion Employing Negative Valve Overlap Strategy written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years a number of studies have demonstrated that boosted operation combined with external EGR is a path forward for expanding the high load limit of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) operation with the negative valve overlap (NVO) valve strategy. However, the effects of fuel composition with this strategy have not been fully explored. In this study boosted HCCI combustion is investigated in a single-cylinder research engine equipped with direct injection (DI) fueling, cooled external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), laboratory pressurized intake air, and a fully-variable hydraulic valve actuation (HVA) valve train. Three fuels with significant compositional differences are investigated: regular grade gasoline (RON = 90.2), 30% ethanol-gasoline blend (E30, RON = 100.3), and 24% iso-butanol-gasoline blend (IB24, RON = 96.6). Results include engine loads from 350 to 800 kPa IMEPg for all fuels at three engine speeds 1600, 2000, and 2500 rpm. All operating conditions achieved thermal efficiency (gross indicated efficiency) between 38 and 47%, low NOX emissions (0.1 g/kWh), and high combustion efficiency (96.5%). Detailed sweeps of intake manifold pressure (atmospheric to 250 kPaa), EGR (0 25% EGR), and injection timing are conducted to identify fuel-specific effects. The major finding of this study is that while significant fuel compositional differences exist, in boosted HCCI operation only minor changes in operational conditions are required to achieve comparable operation for all fuels. In boosted HCCI operation all fuels were able to achieve matched load-speed operation, whereas in conventional SI operation the fuel-specific knock differences resulted in significant differences in the operable load-speed space. Although all fuels were operable in boosted HCCI, the respective air handling requirements are also discussed, including an analysis of the demanded turbocharger efficiency.
Book Synopsis Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies by : Vickey Kalaskar
Download or read book Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies written by Vickey Kalaskar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation discusses the results from three different studies aimed at understanding the importance of fuel chemical structure during low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies, like homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC) employed in internal combustion (IC) engines wherein the focus is on high octane fuels. Boosted intake air operation combined with exhaust gas recirculation, internal as well as external, has become a standard path for expanding the load limits of IC engines employing LTC strategies mentioned above as well as conventional diesel and spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the effects of fuel compositional variation have not been fully explored. The first study focusses on three different fuels, where each of them were evaluated using a single cylinder boosted HCCI engine using negative valve overlap. The three fuels investigated were: a regular grade gasoline (RON = 90.2), 30% ethanol-gasoline blend (E30, RON = 100.3), and 24% iso-butanol-gasoline blend (IB24, RON = 96.6). Detailed sweeps of intake manifold pressure (atmospheric to 250 kPaa), EGR (0 -- 25% EGR), and injection timing were conducted to identify fuel-specific effects. While significant fuel compositional differences existed, the results showed that all these fuels achieved comparable operation with minor changes in operational conditions. Further, it was shown that the available enthalpy from the exhaust would not be sufficient to satisfy the boost requirements at higher load operation by doing an analysis of the required turbocharger efficiency. While the first study concentrated on load expansion of HCCI, it is important to mention that controlling LTC strategies is difficult under low load or idle operating conditions. To ensure stable operation, fuel injection in the negative valve overlap (NVO) is used as one of method of achieving combustion control. However the combustion chemistry under high temperature and fuel rich conditions that exist during the NVO have not been previously explored. The second study focused on examining the products of fuel rich chemistry as a result of fuel injection in the NVO. In this study, a unique six stroke cycle was used to segregate the exhaust from the NVO and to study the chemistry of the range of fuels injected during NVO under low oxygen conditions. The fuels investigated were methanol, ethanol, iso-butanol, and iso-octane. It was observed that the products of reactions under NVO conditions were highly dependent on the injected fuel's structure with iso-octane producing less than 1.5% hydrogen and methanol producing more than 8%. However a weak dependence was observed on NVO duration and initial temperature, indicating that NVO reforming was kinetically limited. Finally, the experimental trends were compared with CHEMKIN (single zone, 0-D model) predictions using multiple kinetic mechanism that were readily available through literature. Due to the simplicity of the model and inadequate information on the fuel injection process, the experimental data was not modeled well with the mechanisms tested. Some of the shortcomings of the 0-D model were probably due to the model ignoring temperature and composition spatial inhomogeneities and evaporative cooling from fuel vaporization.Though the results from the NVO injection and boosted NVO-HCCI studies are enlightening, the fundamentals of the autoignition behavior of gasoline, alcohols, and their mixtures are not entirely understood despite the interest in high octane fuels in compression engines from a point of view of better thermal efficiency. The third study focused on higher octane blends consisting of binary and ternary mixtures of n-heptane and/or iso-octane, and a fuel of interest. These fuels of interest were toluene, ethanol, and iso-butanol. In this study, the autoignition of such blends is studied under lean conditions ([phi] = 0.25) with varying intake pressure (atmospheric to 3 bar, abs) and at a constant intake temperature of 155 °C. The blends consisted of varying percentages of fuels of interest and their research octane number (RON) approximately estimated at 100 and 80. For comparison, neat iso-octane was selected as RON 100 fuel and PRF 80 blend was selected as RON 80 fuel. It was observed that the blends with a higher percentage of n-heptane showed a stronger tendency to autoignite at lower intake pressures. However, as the intake pressure was increased, the non-reactive components, in this case, the higher octane blend components (toluene, ethanol, and iso-butanol), reduced this tendency subsequently delaying the critical compression ratio (CCR) of the blends. The heat release analysis revealed that the higher octane components in the blends reduced the low temperature reactivity of n-heptane and iso-octane. GC-MS and GC-FID analysis of the partially compressed fuel also indicated that the higher octane components did affect the conversion of the more reactive components, n-heptane and iso-octane, into their partially oxidized branched hydrocarbons in the binary/ternary blends, and reduced the overall reactivity which resulted in a delayed CCR at higher intake pressures.
Book Synopsis Effects of Negative Valve Overlap on HCCI Combustion and Its Use in the Control of HCCI Combustion Timing by : Alexander E. Schramm
Download or read book Effects of Negative Valve Overlap on HCCI Combustion and Its Use in the Control of HCCI Combustion Timing written by Alexander E. Schramm and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion can produce higher efficiencies and lower emissions when compared to tradition spark or compression ignition engines. This study reports an experimental investigation into the effects of valve timings on HCCI combustion conditions. Using a single cylinder engine with state-of-the-art electromagnetic variable valve timing (EVVT) fully independent valves, a series of tests are conducted with varying negative valve overlap (NVO). The in-cylinder residual trapped by the NVO causes an advance in combustion timing, a shortening of burn duration as well as increase in load and increase in brake specific fuel consumption. Asymmetric valve timings are also investigated and show complex behavior with high sensitivity of combustion timing in certain operating ranges. Finally, these strategies are implemented as a set of feedback controllers including a proportional-integral (PI) controller and a feedforward with integral action controller. Both controllers have good tracking for step changes in combustion timing setpoint with the feedforward controller providing a rise time of just four cycles.
Book Synopsis HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry by : Hua Zhao
Download or read book HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry written by Hua Zhao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-10 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)/controlled auto-ignition (CAI) has emerged as one of the most promising engine technologies with the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance, offering reduced nitrous oxides and particulate matter alongside efficiency comparable with modern diesel engines. Despite the considerable advantages, its operational range is rather limited and controlling the combustion (timing of ignition and rate of energy release) is still an area of on-going research. Commercial applications are, however, close to reality. HCCI a.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Engine Control Authority on HCCI Combustion as the High Load Limit is Approached by :
Download or read book Characterization of Engine Control Authority on HCCI Combustion as the High Load Limit is Approached written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the potential emissions and efficiency benefits of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion are well known, realizing the potentials on a production intent engine presents numerous challenges. In this study we focus on characterizing the authority of the available engine controls as the high load limit of HCCI combustion is approached. The experimental work is performed on a boosted single-cylinder research engine equipped with direct injection (DI) fueling, cooled external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and a hydraulic valve actuation (HVA) valve train to enable the negative valve overlap (NVO) breathing strategy. Valve lift and duration are held constant while phasing is varied in an effort to make the results as relevant as possible to production intent cam-based variable valve actuation (VVA) systems on multi-cylinder engines. Results presented include engine loads from 350 to 650 kPa IMEPnet and manifold pressure from 98 to 190 kPaa at 2000 rpm. It is found that in order to increase engine load to 650 kPa IMEPnet, it is necessary to increase manifold pressure and external EGR while reducing the NVO duration. Both NVO duration and fuel injection timing are effective means of controlling combustion phasing, with NVO duration being a coarse control and fuel injection timing being a fine control. NOX emissions are low throughout the study, with emissions below 0.1 g/kW-h at all boosted HCCI conditions, while good combustion efficiency is maintained (>96.5%). Net indicated thermal efficiency increases with load up to 600 kPa IMEPnet, where a peak efficiency of 41% is achieved. Results of independent parametric investigations are presented on the effect of external EGR, intake effect of manifold pressure, and the effect of NVO duration. It is found that increasing EGR at a constant manifold pressure and increasing manifold pressure at a constant EGR rate both have the effect of retarding combustion phasing. It is also found that combustion phasing becomes increasingly sensitive to NVO duration as engine load increases. Finally, comparisons are made between three commonly used noise metrics (AVL noise meter, ringing intensity (RI), and maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR)). It is found that compared to the AVL noise meter, RI significantly underestimates combustion noise under boosted conditions.
Book Synopsis Fuel Effect on HCCI Engine with Negative Valve Overlap by : Keitaro Okuno
Download or read book Fuel Effect on HCCI Engine with Negative Valve Overlap written by Keitaro Okuno and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation Into Expanding the Operating Range in a Gasoline Fueled Negative Valve Overlap HCCI Engine by : Dennis G. Nitz
Download or read book Investigation Into Expanding the Operating Range in a Gasoline Fueled Negative Valve Overlap HCCI Engine written by Dennis G. Nitz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating the Effects of Direct Fuel Injection During the Negative Value Overlap Period in a Gasoline Fueled HCCI Engine by : John O. Waldman
Download or read book Investigating the Effects of Direct Fuel Injection During the Negative Value Overlap Period in a Gasoline Fueled HCCI Engine written by John O. Waldman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engineering Research Methods by : Nor Mariah Adam
Download or read book Engineering Research Methods written by Nor Mariah Adam and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-02-25 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fuel Effects on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion by : Jacob Richard Zuehl
Download or read book Fuel Effects on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion written by Jacob Richard Zuehl and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Low Load Limit Extension for Gasoline Compression Ignition Using Negative Valve Overlap Strategy by : R. Vallinayagam
Download or read book Low Load Limit Extension for Gasoline Compression Ignition Using Negative Valve Overlap Strategy written by R. Vallinayagam and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Book Synopsis Advanced Combustion for Sustainable Transport by : Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Download or read book Advanced Combustion for Sustainable Transport written by Avinash Kumar Agarwal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-12 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on advanced combustion technologies currently employed in internal combustion engines. It discusses different strategies for improving conventional diesel combustion. The volume includes chapters on low-temperature combustion techniques of compression-ignition engines which results in significant reduction of NOx and soot emissions. The content also highlights newly evolved gasoline compression technology and optical techniques in advanced gasoline direct injection engines. the research and its outcomes presented here highlight advancements in combustion technologies, analysing various issues related to in-cylinder combustion, pollutant formation and alternative fuels. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine combustion research.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Stratified Charge Operation and Negative Valve Overlap Operation Using Direct Fuel Injection in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines by : Tanet Aroonsrisopon
Download or read book Analysis of Stratified Charge Operation and Negative Valve Overlap Operation Using Direct Fuel Injection in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines written by Tanet Aroonsrisopon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 3888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Erstmals eine umfassende und einheitliche Wissensbasis und Grundlage für weiterführende Studien und Forschung im Bereich der Automobiltechnik. Die Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering ist die erste umfassende und einheitliche Wissensbasis dieses Fachgebiets und legt den Grundstein für weitere Studien und tiefgreifende Forschung. Weitreichende Querverweise und Suchfunktionen ermöglichen erstmals den zentralen Zugriff auf Detailinformationen zu bewährten Branchenstandards und -verfahren. Zusammenhängende Konzepte und Techniken aus Spezialbereichen lassen sich so einfacher verstehen. Neben traditionellen Themen des Fachgebiets beschäftigt sich diese Enzyklopädie auch mit "grünen" Technologien, dem Übergang von der Mechanik zur Elektronik und den Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung sicherer, effizienterer Fahrzeuge unter weltweit unterschiedlichen wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Das Referenzwerk behandelt neun Hauptbereiche: (1) Motoren: Grundlagen; (2) Motoren: Design; (3) Hybrid- und Elektroantriebe; (4) Getriebe- und Antriebssysteme; (5) Chassis-Systeme; (6) Elektrische und elektronische Systeme; (7) Karosserie-Design; (8) Materialien und Fertigung; (9) Telematik. - Zuverlässige Darstellung einer Vielzahl von Spezialthemen aus dem Bereich der Automobiltechnik. - Zugängliches Nachschlagewerk für Jungingenieure und Studenten, die die technologischen Grundlagen besser verstehen und ihre Kenntnisse erweitern möchten. - Wertvolle Verweise auf Detailinformationen und Forschungsergebnisse aus der technischen Literatur. - Entwickelt in Zusammenarbeit mit der FISITA, der Dachorganisation nationaler Automobil-Ingenieur-Verbände aus 37 Ländern und Vertretung von über 185.000 Ingenieuren aus der Branche. - Erhältlich als stets aktuelle Online-Ressource mit umfassenden Suchfunktionen oder als Print-Ausgabe in sechs Bänden mit über 4.000 Seiten. Ein wichtiges Nachschlagewerk für Bibliotheken und Informationszentren in der Industrie, bei Forschungs- und Schulungseinrichtungen, Fachgesellschaften, Regierungsbehörden und allen Ingenieurstudiengängen. Richtet sich an Fachingenieure und Techniker aus der Industrie, Studenten höherer Semester und Studienabsolventen, Forscher, Dozenten und Ausbilder, Branchenanalysen und Forscher.
Book Synopsis Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines by : Rakesh Kumar Maurya
Download or read book Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines written by Rakesh Kumar Maurya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .
Book Synopsis Examination of the High Load Limit of an HCCI Engine by : Nathan Charles Anderson
Download or read book Examination of the High Load Limit of an HCCI Engine written by Nathan Charles Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implementation of homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) to gasoline engines is constrained by many factors. This work examines constrains imposed by nitric oxide (NOx) emission and by the need to maintain a minimum catalyst temperature on HCCI operation. Then the nature of the approach to high load limit was examined for three fuels with very different behavior. An engine simulation was used to examine constrains imposed by NOx emission and by catalyst temperature requirement. The valve timing in a HCCI engine using NegativeValve-Overlap (NVO) was varied in the simulation to control the operating point. The engine speed and intake pressure (turbocharged mode) were varied. The High Load Limit (HLL) was attained when the NOx emission reached the regulated level for a Partial-Zero-Emissions-Vehicle (PZEV). This occurred when the engine was running at the lowest speed and the highest intake pressure. Unreasonably large residual fraction was required to achieve the NOx limit unless a three-way catalyst is used. The engine behavior in the operating trajectory to the HLL was examined by using two Primary Reference fuels (PRF60 and PRF90) and a fuel blended from refinery feed stock. The latter fuel had Extremely Low Aromatic and Olefin content and is referred to as the ELAO fuel. For PRF60 (the knock prone fuel), the Maximum Pressure Rise Rate (MPRR) increased with increase in load (by reduction of residual). The HLL was attained when the MPRR reached a pre-determined level of 5MPa/ms. For PRF90 (the knock resistant fuel), however, the MPRR decreased with increase in load, and the HLL was constrained by ignition failure. For the ELAO fuel, the MPRR first increased and then decreased with increase in load. The HLL was thus constrained by ignition failure. Thus depending on the fuel properties, there could be very different engine behaviors in the approach to the HLL of HCCI operation.
