Gas Separation By Adsorption In Order To Increase Co2 Conversion To Co Via Reverse Water Gas Shift Rwgs Reaction

Download Gas Separation By Adsorption In Order To Increase Co2 Conversion To Co Via Reverse Water Gas Shift Rwgs Reaction full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Gas Separation By Adsorption In Order To Increase Co2 Conversion To Co Via Reverse Water Gas Shift Rwgs Reaction ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase CO2 Conversion to CO Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) Reaction

Author : Farhang Abdollahi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase CO2 Conversion to CO Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) Reaction by : Farhang Abdollahi

Download or read book Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase CO2 Conversion to CO Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) Reaction written by Farhang Abdollahi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research project, adsorption is considered in conjunction with the reverse water gas shift reaction in order to convert CO2 to CO for synthetic fuel production. If the CO2 for this process can be captured from high emitting industries it can be a very good alternative for reduced fossil fuel consumption and GHG emission mitigation. CO as an active gas could be used in Fischer-Tropsch process to produce conventional fuels. Literature review and process simulation were carried out in order to determine the best operating conditions for reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Increasing CO2 conversion to CO requires CO2/CO separation downstream of the reactor and recycling unreacted CO2 and H2 back into the reactor. Adsorption as a viable and cost effective process for gas separation was chosen for the CO2/CO separation. This was started by a series of adsorbent screening experiments to select the best adsorbent for the application. Screening study was performed by comparing pure gas isotherms for CO2 and CO at different temperatures and pressures. Then experimental isotherm data were modeled by the Temperature-Dependent Toth isotherm model which provided satisfactory fits for these isotherms. Henry law's constant, isosteric heat of adsorption and binary mixture prediction were determined as well as selectivity for each adsorbent. Finally, the expected working capacity was calculated in order to find the best candidate in terms of adsorption and desorption. Zeolite NaY was selected as the best candidate for CO2/CO separation in adsorption process for this project. In the last step breakthrough experiments were performed to evaluate operating condition and adsorption capacity for real multi component mixture of CO2, CO, H2 in both cases of saturated with water and dry gas basis. In multi components experiments zeolite NaY has shown very good performance to separate CO2/CO at low adsorption pressure and ambient temperature. Also desorption experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the working capacity of the adsorbent for using in industrial scale and eventually temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process worked very well for the regeneration step. Integrated adsorption system downstream of RWGS reactor can enhance the conversion of CO2 to CO in this process significantly resulting to provide synthetic gas for synthetic fuel production as well as GHG emission mitigation.

Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Carbon Monoxide Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (rwgs) Reaction

Download Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Carbon Monoxide Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (rwgs) Reaction PDF Online Free

Author : Farhang Abdollahi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494860205
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Carbon Monoxide Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (rwgs) Reaction by : Farhang Abdollahi

Download or read book Gas Separation by Adsorption in Order to Increase Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Carbon Monoxide Via Reverse Water Gas Shift (rwgs) Reaction written by Farhang Abdollahi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Adsorption Separation of CO2 from CO in Syngas

Author : Sean M. W. Wilson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Adsorption Separation of CO2 from CO in Syngas by : Sean M. W. Wilson

Download or read book Adsorption Separation of CO2 from CO in Syngas written by Sean M. W. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research project, adsorption is considered for the separation of CO2 from CO for applications such as industrial syngas production and in particular to improve the conversion of the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) process. The use of adsorption technology for these applications requires an adsorbent that can effectively separate out CO2 from a gas mixture containing CO2, CO, and H2. However, adsorption of H2 is insignificant when compared to both CO2 and CO, with only CO2 and CO being the adsorbed species. The adsorption of CO2 and CO was investigated in this work for four major types of industrial adsorbents which include: activated aluminas, activated carbons, silica gels, and zeolites. Zeolites, with their ability to be fine tuned many parameters which may affect adsorption, were investigated in terms of the effect of the cations present, SiO2/Al2O3 ratios, and structure to determine how to optimize adsorption of CO2 while decreasing adsorption of CO. This will help to determine a promising adsorbent for this separation with focus on maximizing the selective adsorption of CO2 over CO. To investigate this separation three scientific experimental methods were used; gravimetric adsorption isotherm analysis, volumetric adsorption isotherm analysis, and packed bed adsorption desorption breakthrough analysis. Gravimetric and volumetric methods allow for testing the adsorbent with the individual species of CO2 and CO. This investigation will let us determine the pure component adsorption capacity, heats of adsorption, regenerability, and basic selectivity. Packed bed adsorption breakthrough experimentation was then carried out on promising adsorbents for the CO2 separation from a mixture of CO2, CO, and H2. These experiments used a gas mixture that would be comparable to that produced from the RWGS reaction to determine the multicomponent gas mixture behaviour for adsorption. Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) with a purge gas stream of H2 was then used to regenerate the adsorbent.

Selective CO Adsorption Separation from CO2 Via Cu-modified Adsorbents

Author : Maria Abbassi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Selective CO Adsorption Separation from CO2 Via Cu-modified Adsorbents by : Maria Abbassi

Download or read book Selective CO Adsorption Separation from CO2 Via Cu-modified Adsorbents written by Maria Abbassi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CO2 capture and conversion appears to be a prominent solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and global warming issue. Among different CO2 conversion approaches, CO2 hydrogenation via reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction is one of the most promising technology to convert CO2 to CO. Subsequently, CO is transformed to value added chemicals or liquid fuels. To improve the overall CO2 conversion for RWGS reaction, product separation and recycling is being proposed. In this research, adsorption separation technology has been explored to selectively separate CO from CO2 in RWGS using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process. To investigate the adsorption capacity and selectivity of CO, different porous materials have been identified for CO separation. In this research, activated carbons, ordered mesoporous silica, and metal organic framework materials were studied. Equilibrium isotherms of CO and CO2 were measured in a gravimetric system at a temperature of 25 °C for pressures up to 20 bar. Preliminary adsorption isotherm results had shown an insufficient CO uptake and low selectivity level compared to CO2, thus not justifying their application for CO separation. Herein, to improve the CO adsorption capacity and selectivity, Cu-based adsorbents were developed using copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) as a precursor to synthesize six different adsorbents. The adsorbents were prepared using two different synthesis methods; the modified polyol method for reduction and nanoparticle deposition of Cu (I) ions, and thermal monolayer auto-dispersion method. Furthermore, different copper (II) loadings were investigated to determine the monolayer dispersion capacity of CuCl2 on the support. The modified adsorbents by copper salt exhibited significantly high CO uptake with large CO/CO2 selectivity, reversing the results obtained before adsorbent modification. Thus, Cubased adsorbents are promising materials for CO separation and recovery from a gaseous mixture containing CO2.

Carbon Dioxide Gas Separation from Syngas to Increase Conversion of Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction Via Polymeric and Mixed Matrix Membranes

Download Carbon Dioxide Gas Separation from Syngas to Increase Conversion of Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction Via Polymeric and Mixed Matrix Membranes PDF Online Free

Author : Lauren Rose
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Gas Separation from Syngas to Increase Conversion of Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction Via Polymeric and Mixed Matrix Membranes by : Lauren Rose

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Gas Separation from Syngas to Increase Conversion of Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction Via Polymeric and Mixed Matrix Membranes written by Lauren Rose and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes are a promising, effective and energy efficient separation strategy for effluent gases in the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction to increase the overall conversion of CO2 to CO. This process involves a separation and recycling process to reuse the unreacted CO2 from the RWGS reactor. The carbon monoxide produced from this reaction, alongside hydrogen (composing syngas), can be used in the Fischer-Tropsch process to create synthetic fuel, turning stationary CO2 emissions into a useable resource. A literature review was performed to select suitable polymers with high CO2 permeability and selectivities of CO2 over CO and H2. PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) was selected and commercial and in-house PDMS membranes were tested. The highest CO2 permeability observed was 5,883 Barrers, including a CO2/H2 selectivity of 21 and a CO2/CO selectivity of 9, with ternary gas feeds. HY zeolite, silica gel and activated carbon were selected from previous research for their CO2 separation capabilities, to be investigated in PDMS mixed matrix membranes in 4 wt % loadings. Activated carbon in PDMS proved to be the best performing mixed matrix membrane with a CO2 permeability of 2,447 Barrers and comparable selectivities for CO2/H2 and CO2/CO of 14 and 9, respectively. It was believed that swelling, compaction and the homogeneity of the selective layer were responsible for trends in permeability with respect to driving force. The HY and silica gel mixed matrix PDMS membranes were believed to experience constraints in performance due to particle and polymer interfaces within the membrane matrix.

CO2 Conversion by Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction

Author : Abdulaziz Alamer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CO2 Conversion by Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction by : Abdulaziz Alamer

Download or read book CO2 Conversion by Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction written by Abdulaziz Alamer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, the world has been concerned about the environmental impact of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, researchers have been focusing on enhancing current technologies, such as the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction, to convert CO2 to synthetic fuels. The goal of this research was to develop a catalyst that has a high CO2 conversion and CO selectivity. To achieve this goal, different experiments were conducted at the same conditions to study the effect of different supports, metal loadings and different metals. All the experimental results were compared to equilibrium data obtained from Aspen Plus. Each tested catalyst was analyzed by BET and XRD to understand its physical and chemical structure as well as its behavior. Best catalyst was identified to be 5 wt% Cu supported on MgO, which achieved 20% CO2 conversion, 84% of Equilibrium CO2 conversion, and 75% CO selectivity.

CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels

Author : Franz Winter
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811332967
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels by : Franz Winter

Download or read book CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels written by Franz Winter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the recent research on the separation, purification and downstream utilization of CO2 and other flue gases. Chapters include a detailed discussion on the purification and further conversion of CO2 to commodity chemicals and fuels. With contributions from renowned researchers in the field, the book focuses on the current challenges of catalytic high-pressure chemical conversion and biochemical conversion into high-value products. This book is of interest to researchers, professionals, and students working on carbon capture and sequestration, and is a valuable resource for policy makers and government agents working on guidelines and frameworks for carbon capture and reuse.

Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels

Author : M. Aulice Scibioh
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444639977
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels by : M. Aulice Scibioh

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels written by M. Aulice Scibioh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels provides a snapshot of the present status of this rapidly growing field, examining ongoing breakthroughs in research and development, motivations, innovations and their respective impacts and perspectives. It also covers in detail the existing technical barriers to achieving key goals in this area. This book details the various methods, both currently available and potential, for conversion of CO2 into fuels and chemicals. With explanation of concepts and their applications, Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels offers an interdisciplinary approach that draws on and clarifies the most recent research trends. Explains the fundamental aspects of CO2 utilization Provides recent developments in CO2 utilization for the production of chemicals Answers the questions surrounding why some processes have not commercialized Discusses and analyses in detail many available catalytic conversion methods

CO2 Conversion Via Reverse Water-gas Shift Using Multicomponent Catalysts

Author : Liuqingqing Yang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CO2 Conversion Via Reverse Water-gas Shift Using Multicomponent Catalysts by : Liuqingqing Yang

Download or read book CO2 Conversion Via Reverse Water-gas Shift Using Multicomponent Catalysts written by Liuqingqing Yang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes

Author : Ralph T. Yang
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 1483162664
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes by : Ralph T. Yang

Download or read book Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes written by Ralph T. Yang and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes provides a thorough discussion of the advancement in gas adsorption process. The book is comprised of eight chapters that emphasize the fundamentals concept and principles. The text first covers the adsorbents and adsorption isotherms, and then proceeds to detailing the equilibrium adsorption of gas mixtures. Next, the book covers rate processes in adsorbers and adsorber dynamics. The next chapter discusses cyclic gas separation processes, and the remaining two chapters cover pressure-swing adsorption. The book will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners of disciplines that involve gas separation processes, such as chemical engineering.

Catalysis rising stars in china

Author : Yulian He
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832517722
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Catalysis rising stars in china by : Yulian He

Download or read book Catalysis rising stars in china written by Yulian He and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-16 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Plasma Catalysis

Author : Annemie Bogaerts
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038977500
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts

Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.

Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment

Author : Armando J. L. Pombeiro
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119870526
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment by : Armando J. L. Pombeiro

Download or read book Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment written by Armando J. L. Pombeiro and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-01-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdisciplinary approach to sustainability, illustrating current catalytic approaches in applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment covers the use of catalysis in its various approaches, including homogeneous, supported, and heterogeneous catalysis, and photo- and electrocatalysis, towards sustainable environmental benefits. The text fosters interdisciplinarity in sustainability by illustrating modern perspectives in catalysis, from fields including inorganic, organic, organometallic, bioinorganic, pharmacological, and analytical chemistry, along with chemical engineering and materials science. The chapters are grouped in seven sections on (i) Carbon Dioxide Utilization, (ii) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Transformation, (iii) Carbon-based Catalysis, (iv) Coordination, Inorganic, and Bioinspired Catalysis, (v) Organocatalysis, (vi) Catalysis for Water and Liquid Fuels Purification, and (vii) Hydrogen Formation/Storage. Sample topics covered in Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment include: Activation of relevant small molecules with strong environmental impact and carbon-based catalysts for sustainable chemical processes Catalytic synthesis of important added value organic compounds, in both commodity and fine chemistries (large and small scale productions, respectively) Development of catalytic systems operating under environmentally benign and mild conditions towards the establishment of sustainable energy processes Catalysis by coordination, metal and metal-free compounds, MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) and nanoparticles, and their contribution to environmental and sustainable processes Employing the latest approaches that impact global and circular economies, Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment serves as an excellent starting point for innovative catalytic approaches, and will appeal to professionals in engineering, academia, and industry who wish to improve existing processes and materials.

Water Gas Shift Reaction

Author : Panagiotis Smirniotis
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444633537
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Water Gas Shift Reaction by : Panagiotis Smirniotis

Download or read book Water Gas Shift Reaction written by Panagiotis Smirniotis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Gas Shift Reaction: Research Developments and Applications outlines the importance of hydrogen as a future fuel, along with the various hydrogen production methods. The book explains the development of catalysts for Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction at different temperatures and steam/CO ratios, and also discussing the effect of different dopants on the WGS activity of iron oxide and the promotion and inhibition roles of the dopants on the WGS activity of iron oxide are explained. In addition, the book describes extensive characterization of modified ferrite catalysts, especially with Mossbauer spectroscopy and its advantage in understanding properties of metal doped ferrite catalysts, the exact dopant location, and its effect on electron hopping capability and WGS activity of Fe redox couple. Outlines the importance of the Water Gas Shift Reaction and its application for hydrogen production Provides detailed information on potential catalysts, their development, and their pros and cons, giving the reader insights on how modified ferrite catalysts work at different temperatures and different steam to CO ratios Reviews hydrogen technology, its current importance, and production methods Presents a clear presentation of the topics with many graphics and tables Offers basic and advanced knowledge of catalysts characterization instrumental techniques

CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels

Author : Franz Winter
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789811332951
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (329 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels by : Franz Winter

Download or read book CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels written by Franz Winter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the recent research on the separation, purification and downstream utilization of CO2 and other flue gases. Chapters include a detailed discussion on the purification and further conversion of CO2 to commodity chemicals and fuels. With contributions from renowned researchers in the field, the book focuses on the current challenges of catalytic high-pressure chemical conversion and biochemical conversion into high-value products. This book is of interest to researchers, professionals, and students working on carbon capture and sequestration, and is a valuable resource for policy makers and government agents working on guidelines and frameworks for carbon capture and reuse.

Methanol Synthesis

Author : Jerzy Skrzypek
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Methanol Synthesis by : Jerzy Skrzypek

Download or read book Methanol Synthesis written by Jerzy Skrzypek and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

CO2: A Valuable Source of Carbon

Author : Marcello De De Falco
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447151194
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CO2: A Valuable Source of Carbon by : Marcello De De Falco

Download or read book CO2: A Valuable Source of Carbon written by Marcello De De Falco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the annual production of carbon Dioxide (CO2) reaches 30 billion tones, the growing issue of the greenhouse effect has triggered the development of technologies for CO2 sequestration, storage and use as a reactant. Collecting together the reports of the Congress at University of Rome (Campus Bio-medico) held 16th April 2012, CO2: A Valuable Source of Carbon presents and discusses promising technologies for the industrial exploitation of CO2. Divided into two parts, the current technology is evaluated and summarized before European and national projects are presented. The focus on CO2 recovery, particularly in value-added production, proposes applicable methods to develop sustainable practices and even to mitigate greenhouse gas emission from large-scale fossil fuels usage. Including current data and real-world examples, CO2: A valuable source of carbon provides students, engineers, researchers and industry professional with up-to-date material and potential areas for development and research.