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Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidases
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Book Synopsis Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases by : Immacolata Castellano
Download or read book Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases written by Immacolata Castellano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases (γ-GTs) are members of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily, enzymes that cleave the γ-glutamyl amide bond of glutathione to liberate cysteinylglycine. The released γ-glutamyl group can be transferred to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids or short peptides (transpeptidation). γ-GT plays a key role in the gamma glutamyl cycle by regulating the cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis.γ-GT is upregulated during inflammation and in several human tumors, and it is involved in many physiological disorders related to oxidative stress, such as Parkinson’s disease and diabetes. Furthermore, this enzyme is used as a marker of liver disease and cancer. This book covers current knowledge about the structure-function relationship of γ-GTs and gives information about applications of γ-GTs in different fields ranging from clinical biochemistry to biotechnology and biomedicine.
Book Synopsis Human [gamma]-glutamyl Transpeptidase 1 by :
Download or read book Human [gamma]-glutamyl Transpeptidase 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Gamma]-Glutamyl transpeptidase 1 (GGT1) is a cell surface, N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase that cleaves glutathione and other [gamma]-glutamyl compounds. GGT1 expression is essential in cysteine homeostasis, and its induction has been implicated in the pathology of asthma, reperfusion injury, and cancer. In this study, we report four new crystal structures of human GGT1 (hGGT1) that show conformational changes within the active site as the enzyme progresses from the free enzyme to inhibitor-bound tetrahedral transition states and finally to the glutamate-bound structure prior to the release of this final product of the reaction. The structure of the apoenzyme shows flexibility within the active site. The serine-borate-bound hGGT1 crystal structure demonstrates that serine-borate occupies the active site of the enzyme, resulting in an enzyme-inhibitor complex that replicates the enzyme's tetrahedral intermediate/transition state. The structure of GGsTop-bound hGGT1 reveals its interactions with the enzyme and why neutral phosphonate diesters are more potent inhibitors than monoanionic phosphonates. These structures are the first structures for any eukaryotic GGT that include a molecule in the active site covalently bound to the catalytic Thr-381. The glutamate-bound structure shows the conformation of the enzyme prior to release of the final product and reveals novel information regarding the displacement of the main chain atoms that form the oxyanion hole and movement of the lid loop region when the active site is occupied. Lastly, tThese data provide new insights into the mechanism of hGGT1-catalyzed reactions and will be invaluable in the development of new classes of hGGT1 inhibitors for therapeutic use.
Book Synopsis Glutathione Transferases and Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases by : Helmut Sies
Download or read book Glutathione Transferases and Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases written by Helmut Sies and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on particular aspects of the so-called Phase II of drug detoxication, which has important ramifications for endogenous metabolism and nutrition. This volume on glutathione transferases and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases serves to bring together methods and concepts in a rapidly developing field of cell and systems biology.
Book Synopsis Functions of Glutathione in Liver and Kidney by : H. Sies
Download or read book Functions of Glutathione in Liver and Kidney written by H. Sies and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The serene phrase, Lest I forget thee, glutathione ... , coined by the Kosowers (1) to describe the state in the 1960's, must be replaced now by something like "Inevitable GSH" in order to characterize the current situation. The surge in interest on the ubiquitous tripeptide has been ama zing, with publications on GSH running at rates as high as one per day, so that it seemed appropriate to convene international experts for a discussion of recent develop ments this year. Unlike the two previous meetings in this decade held in Tlibingen in 1973 (2) and in santa Ynez in 1975 (3), the scope was restricted to Functions of Gluta thione in Liver and Kidney. Only in this way did an in-depth discussion of the current state of knowledge in a limit ed topic appear possible. The last couple of years have seen a fascinating pro ductivity in the fields of (a) Regulation of the Glutathione Level in the Liver, (b) Role of y-Glutamyltransferase in Gluta thione Turnover with emphasis on the renal enzyme, and a critical appraisal of the y-Glutamyl Cycle, (c) Hyd:roperox ide and Disulfide Metaholism, enriched by the discovery of the nonseleniurn-dependent glutathione peroxidase activ ity and its relation to the glutathione-S-transferases, and the participation of the 2GSH/GSSG system in redox transitions in intact organ, cells and isolated mito chondria, and (d) a multitude of Pharmacological and Toxi cological Aspects related to glutathione, mainly centered on the events leading to liver damage and the protective
Book Synopsis Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase by : Terence Kenneth Smith
Download or read book Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase written by Terence Kenneth Smith and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drug-Induced Liver Injury written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-13 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Volume 85, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field. Chapters in this new release include Cell death mechanisms in DILI, Mitochondria in DILI, Primary hepatocytes and their cultures for the testing of drug-induced liver injury, MetaHeps an alternate approach to identify IDILI, Autophagy and DILI, Biomarkers and DILI, Regeneration and DILI, Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mechanisms of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury, the Evaluation and Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity, and much more. Includes the authority and expertise of leading contributors in pharmacology Presents the latest release in the Advances in Pharmacology series
Book Synopsis Studies on a Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase by : Jean Paul Revel
Download or read book Studies on a Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase written by Jean Paul Revel and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Enzymes of Biological Membranes by : Anthony Martonosi
Download or read book The Enzymes of Biological Membranes written by Anthony Martonosi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the information currently available on the transport systems of bacterial and animal cell membranes and their mode of coupling to metabolic supply of energy can be found in this volume. Consideration of the participating enzymes dictated the choice of topics: Several transport systems where little information is available on the enzymology of the process are not included, while separate chapters deal with y-glutamyl transpeptidase and intestinal disaccharidases which meet many of the requirements of transport enzymes. The volume also includes two chapters on photosynthetic membranes as a general introduction to the topic. Other aspects of biological transport and photosynthesis will be developed in detail in a forthcoming volume now in preparation. These chapters reveal the excitement and rapid advance of the field, the daily reports of new concepts, new techniques, and new experimental findings which instantly interact to generate further progress. Our aim was to provide a starting point for those who are just beginning, and an opportunity for others to stop, take stock, and start in a new direction. My warmest thanks to all who contributed to this volume.
Book Synopsis The Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase Enzyme is Associated with Lymphocyte Activation Proteins by : Dana Rene Fletcher
Download or read book The Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase Enzyme is Associated with Lymphocyte Activation Proteins written by Dana Rene Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clinical Methods by : Henry Kenneth Walker
Download or read book Clinical Methods written by Henry Kenneth Walker and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1990 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the techniques and analysis of clinical data. Each of the seventeen sections begins with a drawing and biographical sketch of a seminal contributor to the discipline. After an introduction and historical survey of clinical methods, the next fifteen sections are organized by body system. Each contains clinical data items from the history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations that are generally included in a comprehensive patient evaluation. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase: a Comparison in Normotensive and Hypertensive Animals by : Joseph A. Battaglia
Download or read book Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase: a Comparison in Normotensive and Hypertensive Animals written by Joseph A. Battaglia and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anemia in the Elderly by : Lodovico Balducci
Download or read book Anemia in the Elderly written by Lodovico Balducci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-04 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anemia in the elderly has been properly defined as the silent epidemic, representing 3 million people in the United States aged 65 years and older. Incidence and prevalence of this condition increase with age. It differs in its etiology, pathogenesis and treatment from anemia in children and younger adults. Anemia is associated with reduced survival, increased risk of functional dependence and hospitalization, increased risk of congestive heart failure and stage renal disease and cognitive disorders. Approximately 70% of anemia in older individuals is reversible.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Milk Composition by : Bozzano G Luisa
Download or read book Handbook of Milk Composition written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-10-23 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This informative treatise offers a concise collection of existing, expert data summarizing the composition of milk. The Handbook of Milk Composition summarizes current information on all aspects of human and bovine milk, including: sampling, storage, composition, as well as specific chapters on major and minor components such as protein, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes, minerals, vitamins and hormones. The book also features comprehensive coverage of compartmentation, host-defense components, factors affecting composition, composition of commercial formulas, and contaminants. * Reliable data on the composition of human and bovine milks. * Discusses the many factors affecting composition. * Composition tables make up 25-30% of the total book. * Problems concerning sampling and analysis are described. * Should appeal equally to industry and academia. * Also of interest to developing countries in need of information on infant nutrition and agricultural development
Book Synopsis The Role of Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Providing Tumors with a Growth Advantage by Elevating GSH Levels Via Its Transpeptidation Activity by : Noga Porat
Download or read book The Role of Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Providing Tumors with a Growth Advantage by Elevating GSH Levels Via Its Transpeptidation Activity written by Noga Porat and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Active Site Structure of Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase by : Einar Stole
Download or read book Active Site Structure of Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase written by Einar Stole and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Localization and Properties of Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase by : Linda Winsor Delap
Download or read book Localization and Properties of Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase written by Linda Winsor Delap and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT): Its Relationship to Mammary Tumorigenesis by : Janet M. Madell
Download or read book Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT): Its Relationship to Mammary Tumorigenesis written by Janet M. Madell and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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