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Further Evaluation Of An Urban Canopy Parameterization Using Vtmx And Urban 2000 Data
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Book Synopsis Further Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization Using VTMX and Urban 2000 Data by : M. J. Leach
Download or read book Further Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization Using VTMX and Urban 2000 Data written by M. J. Leach and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost two-thirds of the U.S. population live in urbanized areas occupying less than 2% of the landmass. Similar statistics of urbanization exists in other parts of the world. With the rapid growth of the world population, urbanization appears to be an important issue on environmental and health aspects. As a result, the interaction between the urban region and atmospheric processes becomes a very complex problem. Further understanding of this interaction via the surface and/or atmosphere is of importance to improve the weather forecast, and to minimize the loss caused by the weather-related events, or even by the chemical-biological threat. To this end, Brown and Willaims, (1998) first developed an urban canopy scheme to parameterize the urban infrastructure effect. This parameterization accounts for the effects of drag, turbulent production, radiation balance, and anthropogenic and rooftop heating. Further modification was made and tested in our recent sensitivity study for an idealized case using a mesoscale model. Results indicated that the addition of the rooftop surface energy equation enables this parameterization to more realistically simulate the urban infrastructure impact (Chin et al., 2000). To further improve the representation of the urban effect in the mesoscale model, the USGS land-use data with different resolutions (200 and 30 meters) are adopted to derive the urban parameters via a look-up table approach (Leone et al., 2002; Chin et al., 2004). This approach can provide us the key parameters for urban infrastructure and urban surface characteristics to drive the urban canopy parameterization with geographic and temporal dependence. These urban characteristics include urban fraction, roof fraction, building height, anthropogenic heating, surface albedo, surface wetness, and surface roughness. The objective of this study is to evaluate the modified urban canopy parameterization (UCP) with the observed measurements. Another objective is to demonstrate the deficiency of using limited numbers of single-station meteorological measurements to validate the urban impact in the mesoscale models. The final objective of this study is to assess the value of tracer data in assessing the performance of UCP.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization in a Mesoscale Model by :
Download or read book Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Parameterization in a Mesoscale Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A modified urban canopy parameterization (UCP) is developed and evaluated in a three-dimensional mesoscale model to assess the urban impact on surface and lower atmospheric properties. This parameterization accounts for the effects of building drag, turbulent production, radiation balance, anthropogenic heating, and building rooftop heating/cooling. USGS land-use data are also utilized to derive urban infrastructure and urban surface properties needed for driving the UCP. An intensive observational period with clear-sky, strong ambient wind and drainage flow, and the absence of land-lake breeze over the Salt Lake Valley, occurring on 25-26 October 2000, is selected for this study. A series of sensitivity experiments are performed to gain understanding of the urban impact in the mesoscale model. Results indicate that within the selected urban environment, urban surface characteristics and anthropogenic heating play little role in the formation of the modeled nocturnal urban boundary layer. The rooftop effect appears to be the main contributor to this urban boundary layer. Sensitivity experiments also show that for this weak urban heat island case, the model horizontal grid resolution is important in simulating the elevated inversion layer. The root mean square errors of the predicted wind and temperature with respect to surface station measurements exhibit substantially larger discrepancies at the urban locations than the rural counterparts. However, the close agreement of modeled tracer concentration with observations fairly justifies the modeled urban impact on the wind direction shift and wind drag effects.
Book Synopsis Conference on Mountain Meteorology by :
Download or read book Conference on Mountain Meteorology written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves by : Carmen J. Nappo
Download or read book An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves written by Carmen J. Nappo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-09-12 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravity waves exist in all types of geophysical fluids, such as lakes, oceans, and atmospheres. They play an important role in redistributing energy at disturbances, such as mountains or seamounts and they are routinely studied in meteorology and oceanography, particularly simulation models, atmospheric weather models, turbulence, air pollution, and climate research. An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves provides readers with a working background of the fundamental physics and mathematics of gravity waves, and introduces a wide variety of applications and numerous recent advances. Nappo provides a concise volume on gravity waves with a lucid discussion of current observational techniques and instrumentation. Foreword is written by Prof. George Chimonas, a renowned expert on the interactions of gravity waves with turbulence. CD containing real data, computer codes for data analysis and linear gravity wave models included with the text
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows by : J. C. Kaimal
Download or read book Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows written by J. C. Kaimal and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text gives a simple view of the structure of the boundary layer, the instruments available for measuring its mean and turbulent properties, how best to make the measurements, and ways to process and analyze the data.
Book Synopsis Mountain Meteorology by : C. David Whiteman
Download or read book Mountain Meteorology written by C. David Whiteman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-06-01 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications offers first an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of mountain meteorology, then goes on to discuss their application in natural resources management. It includes over two hundred beautiful, full-color photographs, figures, and diagrams, as well as observable indicators of atmospheric processes--such as winds, temperature, and clouds--to facilitate the recognition of weather systems and events for a variety of readers. It is ideal for those who spend time in or near mountains and whose daily activities are affected by weather. As a comprehensive work filled with diverse examples and colorful illustrations, it is essential for professionals, scholars, and students of meteorology.
Book Synopsis Boundary Layer Dynamics by : National Research Council
Download or read book Boundary Layer Dynamics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-24 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Book Synopsis Compendium of Meteorology by : Thomas F Malone
Download or read book Compendium of Meteorology written by Thomas F Malone and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis METROMEX, a Review and Summary by : Stanley Alcide Changnon
Download or read book METROMEX, a Review and Summary written by Stanley Alcide Changnon and published by Amer Meteorological Society. This book was released on 1981 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications (Vol. II) by : Seon Ki Park
Download or read book Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications (Vol. II) written by Seon Ki Park and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the most recent progress in data assimilation in meteorology, oceanography and hydrology including land surface. It spans both theoretical and applicative aspects with various methodologies such as variational, Kalman filter, ensemble, Monte Carlo and artificial intelligence methods. Besides data assimilation, other important topics are also covered including targeting observation, sensitivity analysis, and parameter estimation. The book will be useful to individual researchers as well as graduate students for a reference in the field of data assimilation.
Book Synopsis Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer by : Zbigniew Sorbjan
Download or read book Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer written by Zbigniew Sorbjan and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eddy Covariance written by Marc Aubinet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-18 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly practical handbook is an exhaustive treatment of eddy covariance measurement that will be of keen interest to scientists who are not necessarily specialists in micrometeorology. The chapters cover measuring fluxes using eddy covariance technique, from the tower installation and system dimensioning to data collection, correction and analysis. With a state-of-the-art perspective, the authors examine the latest techniques and address the most up-to-date methods for data processing and quality control. The chapters provide answers to data treatment problems including data filtering, footprint analysis, data gap filling, uncertainty evaluation, and flux separation, among others. The authors cover the application of measurement techniques in different ecosystems such as forest, crops, grassland, wetland, lakes and rivers, and urban areas, highlighting peculiarities, specific practices and methods to be considered. The book also covers what to do when you have all your data, summarizing the objectives of a database as well as using case studies of the CarboEurope and FLUXNET databases to demonstrate the way they should be maintained and managed. Policies for data use, exchange and publication are also discussed and proposed. This one compendium is a valuable source of information on eddy covariance measurement that allows readers to make rational and relevant choices in positioning, dimensioning, installing and maintaining an eddy covariance site; collecting, treating, correcting and analyzing eddy covariance data; and scaling up eddy flux measurements to annual scale and evaluating their uncertainty.
Book Synopsis Boundary Layer Climates by : T. R. Oke
Download or read book Boundary Layer Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a concise description of atmospheric layers sensitively pitched for the non-meteorological specialist in a variety of disciplines: in geography, agriculture, forestry, ecology, engineering, environment and planning.
Book Synopsis Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling by : Roger A. Pielke
Download or read book Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling written by Roger A. Pielke and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To effectively utilize mesoscale dynamical simulations of the atmosphere, it is necessary to have an understanding the basic physical and mathematical foundations of the models and to have an appreciation of how a particular atmospheric system works. Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling provides such an overview of mesoscale numerical modeling. Starting with fundamental concepts, this text can be used to evaluate the scientific basis of any simulation model that has been or will be developed. Basic material is provided for the beginner as well as more in-depth treatment for the specialist. This text is useful to both the practitioner and the researcher of the mesoscale phenomena.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Environmental Research by : Detlev Möller
Download or read book Atmospheric Environmental Research written by Detlev Möller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an extended version of lectures that were held at the summer workshop Atmosphiirische Umweltforschung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Technik und Natur (At mospheric Environmental Research between Technology and Nature) at the Techni 16, 1996. We were very happy to have Paul J. Crutzen, cal University in Cottbus on July winner of the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1995, presenting the key lecture on glo bally changing chemistry in the atmosphere. Over the last decades, atmospheric chem istry has been established step by step, not just as an applied discipline of chemistry, but also as a key discipline for our understanding of air pollution, biogeochemical cycling, and climactic processes as well. In fact, the new definition of meteorology as the science of physics and chemistry of the atmosphere expresses this development very well. The chemistry of the atmosphere is strongly influenced by anthropogenic emissions, even on a global scale. As a result of emissions and chemical reactions, the chemical composition of the atmosphere influences the ecosystems directly via depo sition of trace substances, and indirectly by changing the physical climate. Therefore, in this book we combined state-of-the-art lectures describing the physical and chemi cal status of the atmosphere and selected issues representing the interface between atmosphere, technology and nature. Oxidising capacity, heterogeneous processes and acidity still remain as key issues in atmospheric chemistry, even in regions where efficient air control measures have been adopted resulting in reduction of primary atmospheric pollutants.
Book Synopsis Compound Climate Extremes in the Present and Future Climates: Machine Learning, Statistical Methods and Dynamical Modelling by : Wei Zhang
Download or read book Compound Climate Extremes in the Present and Future Climates: Machine Learning, Statistical Methods and Dynamical Modelling written by Wei Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
