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Functional Significance Of Neuronal Activity Dependent Transcriptional Regulation In The Nervous System
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Book Synopsis Functional Significance of Neuronal Activity-dependent Transcriptional Regulation in the Nervous System by : Elizabeth Jennifer Hong
Download or read book Functional Significance of Neuronal Activity-dependent Transcriptional Regulation in the Nervous System written by Elizabeth Jennifer Hong and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of extrinsic environmental cues to modify the nervous system is critical both for the appropriate maturation of the nervous system, as well as for important adaptive functions of the mature brain, such as learning and memory. The discovery that, in response to sensory experience, neurotransmitter release at synapses and subsequent calcium influx into postsynaptic neurons lead to the synthesis of new gene products suggested a compelling mechanism by which long-lasting, use-dependent changes occur in the nervous system. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the program of neuronal activity-regulated gene expression, direct evidence that the activity-dependent component of transcription per se is specifically important for nervous system development or function has been elusive. The first part of this thesis addresses this question through the development of a mutant mouse model in which the activity-dependent component of Bdnf expression is specifically disrupted. We find that mutation of the CaRE3/CRE (CREm) at endogenous Bdnf promoter IV by gene targeting results in an animal in which the neuronal activity-dependent component of Bdnf transcription in the cortex is selectively disrupted. CREm knock-in mice exhibit a reduction in the number of inhibitory synapses formed by cortical neurons in culture, a reduction in spontaneous inhibitory quantal transmission measured in acute brain slices, and a reduction in the level of inhibitory presynaptic markers in the cortex.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity by : Serena Dudek
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity written by Serena Dudek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-24 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. In the field of activity-dependent gene expression, rapid progress is being made that can impact these, and many other areas of neuroscience. This book offers an up-to-date picture of the field.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity by : Ramendra N. Saha
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity written by Ramendra N. Saha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity that is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity: To the Nucleus and Back, 2nd edition illustrates how signals are transmitted to the nucleus in response to neuronal activity, which genes are regulated and how this is achieved, and how these changes in gene expression alter neuronal function. The aim of this second edition is to highlight key advances in the field since the first edition. The book is divided into four sections. The first highlights how signals get to the nucleus from the membrane in response to synaptic or neuronal activity. Included are chapters on the pathways that transmit signals from synapses to nuclei. The second section focuses on epigenetic regulatory processes of activity-induced gene transcription, an area that has exploded in the past few years. The third section navigates the role of activity-induced genes in physiological processes such as learning and memory, and human developmental disorders such as those associated with the autism spectrum. The fourth section highlights groundbreaking technological advances in the field, which have allowed activity-regulated transcription to be used as a tool to study learning and memory.
Book Synopsis Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System by : A.C.H. Yu
Download or read book Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System written by A.C.H. Yu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-08-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene expression is an active ongoing process that maintains a functional CNS, as proteins are being made on a continual basis. Processes such as learning and memory, nerve cell repair and regeneration and its response to stress are critically dependent on gene expression. This volume highlights the role of gene expression in normal CNS function, and presents many research methods at the cutting edge of neuroscience, which will provide insight into therapeutic approaches through which the control of gene expression may be used in the treatment of many nervous system diseases.
Book Synopsis Regulation and Transcriptional Role of CRTC1 During Activity in Neurons by : Martina DeSalvo
Download or read book Regulation and Transcriptional Role of CRTC1 During Activity in Neurons written by Martina DeSalvo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long term memory is mediated by long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity that require new gene transcription for their persistence. Previous work has shown that neuronal CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1) plays a crucial role during learning and memory by regulating activity-dependent gene expression. We have shown that CRTC1 undergoes synapse-to-nucleus translocation to regulate transcription of CREB target genes in response to neuronal activity. In this thesis, we investigate the regulation and retrograde transport of CRTC1 in neurons and examine the nuclear role of CRTC1 in activity-dependent gene transcription. Our first goal was to identify the mechanisms by which CRTC1 responds to activity. We describe key synaptic processes necessary to trigger dephosphorylation of three serine residues that are required for dynein-mediated transport of CRTC1 to the nucleus. Our second goal was to understand the role of CRCT1 as a transcriptional coactivator. We use a combination of ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to understand how CRTC1 binding to CREB and other transcription factors correlates with changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription of activity-induced genes. Finally, we summarize a series of projects that attempt to elucidate how regulation of CRTC1's phosphorylation code may influence its function in neurons. These studies highlight the complexities of CRTC1 as an intrinsically disordered protein with 50 phosphorylated residues and a variety of potential interacting partners.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System by : Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression in the Nervous System written by Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella and published by . This book was released on 1990-07-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an up-to-date account of the latest research findings concerned with the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in neuronal and glial cells under different conditions. The book explores the cellular and neurobiological aspects of important phenomena of the nervous system and its role in health, disease and injury. Contributions from prominent scientists in the field address a variety of specific topics concerned with gene expression in the nervous system--from growth, hormonal and trophic factors to neural tissue reactions in injury or aging.
Book Synopsis Synapse Development and Maturation by : Pasko Rakic
Download or read book Synapse Development and Maturation written by Pasko Rakic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synapse Development and Maturation, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. The book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the synaptogenesis and developmental sequences in the maturation of intrinsic and synapse-driven patterns. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate synapse formation and maintenance during development Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity
Book Synopsis Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance by : Takao K. Hensch
Download or read book Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance written by Takao K. Hensch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new perspective on brain function depends upon an understanding of the interaction and integration of excitation and inhibition. A recent surge in research activity focused on inhibitory interneurons now makes a more balanced view possible. Technological advances such as improved imaging methods, visualized patch-clamp recording, multiplex single-cell PCR, and gene-targeted deletion or knock-in mice are some of the novel tools featured in this book. This book will provide an integrated view of neuron function, operating in a balanced regime of excitation and inhibition. It is a timely contribution emphasizing how this balance is established, maintained, and modified from the molecular to system levels. The broad spectrum of topics from molecular to cellular and system/computational neuroscience will appeal to a wide audience of advanced graduate students, post-docs, and faculty. Moreover, this book this book features active young researchers from around the world, who are currently educating the brain scientists of tomorrow.
Book Synopsis Elucidating the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in Drosophila Sensory Neuron Development by : Rebecca Ann Alizzi
Download or read book Elucidating the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in Drosophila Sensory Neuron Development written by Rebecca Ann Alizzi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurons are a diverse group of cells, with their unique morphology often linked to specific functional requirements. The intricate morphology of neurons necessitates a multilayered developmental process, with regulation occurring at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that mediate post-transcriptional regulation can function at all stages of the lifecycle of a transcript, allowing for rapid and localized control over gene expression. These regulatory features are particularly important in cells as expansive and morphologically complex as neurons. The Drosophila larval class IV dendritic arborization (da) neurons provide an ideal system for studying the role of RBPs in neuron development. These highly branched sensory neurons completely and non-redundantly tile the larval body wall. Here, we analyze the role of the RBP Found in neurons (Fne) in regulating the space-filling dendrite growth that is characteristic of these neurons. Our results indicate that Fne regulates multiple transcripts and in doing so, is able to modulate both processes intrinsic to the neuron as well as interactions between the neuron and the surrounding environment. By regulating multiple, functionally-related transcripts in tandem, Fne is able to act as a central coordinator of neuronal morphology. This synchronized regulation is likely to be an important feature of many other RBPs that have been implicated in neuronal morphogenesis. Furthermore, our results reveal that the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Fne in class IV da neurons are distinct from its recently revealed functions in the central nervous system. The differences in Fne function in various types of neurons, and therefore its participation in distinct regulatory processes, could be a feature that is common to many RBPs and may contribute to the vast morphological diversity observed in neurons.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation of Neuronal Differentiation in the Drosophila Central Nervous System by : Haluk Lacin
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Neuronal Differentiation in the Drosophila Central Nervous System written by Haluk Lacin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central nervous system is the most complex and highly organized tissue in animals; composed of thousands of neurites connected in specific and highly reproducible ways. My thesis research has focused on the generation of neuronal diversity: specifically how neurons adopt individual, often unique, identities. Work in many labs has revealed that a large set of transcription factors act in combinatorial manner to specify the fate of individual neurons or small groups of neurons. However, in most cases, it remains unclear how individual or specific combinations of transcription factors directly control the terminal differentiation of neurons via the regulation of different genes, such as neurotransmitters. My thesis work has focused on the identification and characterization of new members of the combinatorial code of transcription factor and on initial attempts to link these transcription factors to the expression and activity of genes that contribute directly to neuronal differentiation. In chapter 2, I describe the identification and characterization of Dbx, a homedomain-containing transcription factor, expressed in a mixture of progenitor cells and a subset of GABAergic interneurons. I show that Dbx is expressed in many interneurons that are sibling to motor neurons, and that Dbx is required to promote the development of these interneurons via cross-repressive interactions with Eve and Hb9, which are expressed in the sibling motor neurons. In chapter 3, I detail the identification of FoxD, a transcription factor that is positively regulated by the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Hb9 in the Drosophila CNS. FoxD is expressed in a subset of Hb9 positive neurons and also in all octopaminergic neurons in the Drosophila embryonic CNS. I have identified the enhancers that drive expression in these neurons and have recently generated two mutant alleles of foxD. Loss of foxD appears to result in hyperactivity, which is most pronounced in males. As octopamine is the fly equivalent of norepinephrine, these results suggest that FoxD may function in specific cells to regulate the synthesis and release of octopmaine. Thus, my thesis has identified two members of the combinatorial code of transcription factors that govern neuronal identity. In addition, it has begun to place the functions of these genes within the genetic regulatory hierarchy of this code and started to link the function of individual transcription factors to the regulation of terminal differentiation genes and animal behavior.
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation in the Peripheral Nervous System and the Role of Stat3 in Axon Regeneration by : Robin Patrick Smith
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation in the Peripheral Nervous System and the Role of Stat3 in Axon Regeneration written by Robin Patrick Smith and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several factors contribute to the failure of the central nervous system (CNS) to regenerate after injury. These include inhibition of axonal growth by myelin and glial scar associated molecules, as well as the intrinsic inability of adult CNS neurons to grow long axons in environments that are permissive for younger neurons. Neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) display a much higher capacity to regenerate after injury than CNS neurons, as shown by conditioning lesion experiments and by microtransplantation of dorsal root ganglia neurons into CNS white matter tracts. Our central hypothesis is that neurons of the PNS express specific regeneration associated genes that mediate their enhanced growth response after injury. We have employed a combination of subtractive hybridization, microarray comparison and promoter analysis to probe for genes specific to neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), using cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) as a reference. We have identified over a thousand different genes, many of whose products form interaction networks and signaling pathways. Moreover, we have identified several dozen transcription factors that may play a role in establishing DRG neuron identity and shape their responses after injury. One of these transcription factors is Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), previously known to be upregulated in the PNS after a conditioning lesion but not known to be specific to the PNS. Using a real time PCR and immunochemical approaches we have shown that STAT3 is constitutively expressed and selectively active in DRG neurons both in culture and in vivo. We show that the overexpression of wild type STAT3 in cerebellar granule neurons leads to the formation of supernumerary neurites, whereas the overexpression of constitutively active STAT3-C leads to a 20% increase in total neurite outgrowth. It is hoped that the genetic delivery of STAT3-C, potentially combined with co-activators of transcription, will improve functional regeneration of CNS axons in vivo.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Activity-dependent Regulation of Neurotransmitter Switching in the Developing and Mature Nervous System by : Da Meng
Download or read book Mechanisms of Activity-dependent Regulation of Neurotransmitter Switching in the Developing and Mature Nervous System written by Da Meng and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are intrigued by how electrical and intracellular calcium activity of neurons can regulate neurotransmitter switching, a newly recognized form neuroplasticity, during development and in the mature nervous system. In the developing Xenopus spinal cord, newly born neurons exhibit characteristic spontaneous calcium activity during a critical period that leads to the specification of distinct neurotransmitter phenotypes, such as glutamate and GABA. Altering electrical and calcium activity of these spinal neurons in vitro and in vivo causes homeostatic re-specification of neurotransmitters. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism by which neuronal activity regulates transmitter re-specification. We demonstrated that neuronal activity acts non-cell-autonomously through the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to regulate a glutamate/GABA selector transcription factor tlx3 through activation of a TrkB/MAPK signaling pathway. We then investigated the role of neuronal activity in transmitter switching in the adult mammalian brain. In the adult rat following long-day photoperiod exposure, the number of dopaminergic neurons decreases while the number of somatostatin neurons increases in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PaVN), causing anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Here we demonstrated that long-day photoperiod exposure increases neuronal activity of PaVN dopaminergic neurons prior to transmitter switch. Blocking activity of PaVN dopaminergic neurons abolishes their transmitter switch in response to long-day photoperiod exposure, suggesting an activity-dependent cell-population-autonomous mechanism.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Activity Regulates the Nuclear Proteome to Promote Activity-Dependent Transcription by : Wendy Herbst
Download or read book Neuronal Activity Regulates the Nuclear Proteome to Promote Activity-Dependent Transcription written by Wendy Herbst and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation and plasticity of neuronal circuits relies on dynamic activity-dependent gene expression. While recent work has revealed the identity of important transcriptional regulators and of genes that are transcribed and translated in response to activity, relatively little is known about the cell biological mechanisms by which activity alters the nuclear proteome of neurons to link neuronal stimulation to transcription. Using nucleus-specific proteomic mapping in silenced and stimulated neurons, we uncovered an understudied mechanism of nuclear proteome regulation: activity-dependent proteasome-mediated degradation. We found that the tumor suppressor protein PDCD4 undergoes rapid stimulus-induced degradation in the nucleus of neurons. We demonstrate that degradation of PDCD4 is required for normal activity-dependent transcription, and that PDCD4 target genes include those encoding proteins critical for synapse formation, remodeling, and transmission. Our findings highlight the importance of the nuclear proteasome in regulating the activity-dependent nuclear proteome, and point to a specific role for PDCD4 as a regulator of activity-dependent transcription in neurons.
Book Synopsis Transcription Factors in the Nervous System by : Gerald Thiel
Download or read book Transcription Factors in the Nervous System written by Gerald Thiel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to cover neural development, neuronal survival and function on the genetic level outlines promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies in fighting neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Focusing on transcription factors, the text is clearly divided into three sections devoted to transcriptional control of neural development, brain function and transcriptional dysregulation induced neurological diseases. With a chapter written by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, this is essential reading for neurobiologists, geneticists, biochemists, cell biologists, neurochemists and molecular biologists.
Book Synopsis Immediate Early Genes in Sensory Processing, Cognitive Performance and Neurological Disorders by : Raphael Pinaud
Download or read book Immediate Early Genes in Sensory Processing, Cognitive Performance and Neurological Disorders written by Raphael Pinaud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a compilation of the most up-to-date literature on the topic of immediate early genes (IEGs). It reviews and details experiments and theories that challenge the reader to expand their view on how IEG research is currently being used to advance our understanding of static and active brain circuits. In addition, the book explores roles of IEGs in clinical neuropathology.
Book Synopsis Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide by : Hubert Vaudry
Download or read book Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide written by Hubert Vaudry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the first volume to be written on the neuropeptide PACAP. It covers all domains of PACAP from molecular and cellular aspects to physiological activities and promises for new therapeutic strategies. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the twentieth volume published in the Endocrine Updates book series under the Series Editorship of Shlomo Melmed, MD.
Book Synopsis Kaufman’s Atlas of Mouse Development Supplement by : Richard Baldock
Download or read book Kaufman’s Atlas of Mouse Development Supplement written by Richard Baldock and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaufman's Atlas of Mouse Development: With Coronal Sections continues the stellar reputation of the original Atlas by providing updated, in-depth anatomical content and morphological views of organ systems.The publication offers written descriptions of the developmental origins of the organ systems alongside high-resolution images for needed visualization of developmental processes. Matt Kaufman himself has annotated the coronal images in the same clear, meticulous style of the original Atlas. Kaufman's Atlas of Mouse Development: With Coronal Sections follows the original Atlas as a continuation of the standard in the field for developmental biologists and researchers across biological and biomedical sciences studying mouse development. Provides high-resolution images for best visualization of key developmental processes and structures Offers in-depth anatomy and morphological views of organ systems Written descriptions convey developmental origins of the organ systems
