Function Selection And Innateness

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Function, Selection, and Innateness

Author : Simon Kirby
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191583529
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Function, Selection, and Innateness by : Simon Kirby

Download or read book Function, Selection, and Innateness written by Simon Kirby and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1999-04-22 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores issues at the core of modern linguistics and cognitive science. Why are all languages similar in some ways and in others utterly different? Why do languages change and change variably? How did the human capacity for language evolve, and how far did it do so as an innate ability? Simon Kirby looks at these questions from a broad perspective, arguing that they can (indeed must) be studied together. The author begins by examining how far the universal properties of language may be explained by examining the way it is used, and how far by the way it is structured. He then considers what insights may be gained by combining functional and formal approaches. In doing so he develops a way of treating language as an adaptive system, in which its communicative and formal roles are both crucial and complementary. In order to test the effectiveness of competing theories and explanations, Simon Kirby develops computational models to show what universals emerge given a particular theory of language use or acquisition. He presents here both the methodology and the results. Function, Selection, and Innateness is important for its argument, its methodology, and its conclusions. It is a powerful demonstration of the value of looking at language as an adaptive system and goes to the heart of current debates on the evolution and nature of language.

The Evolutionary Emergence of Language

Author : Chris Knight
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521786966
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolutionary Emergence of Language by : Chris Knight

Download or read book The Evolutionary Emergence of Language written by Chris Knight and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-20 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language has no counterpart in the animal world. Unique to Homo sapiens, it appears inseparable from human nature. But how, when and why did it emerge? The contributors to this volume - linguists, anthropologists, cognitive scientists, and others - adopt a modern Darwinian perspective which offers a bold synthesis of the human and natural sciences. As a feature of human social intelligence, language evolution is driven by biologically anomalous levels of social cooperation. Phonetic competence correspondingly reflects social pressures for vocal imitation, learning, and other forms of social transmission. Distinctively human social and cultural strategies gave rise to the complex syntactical structure of speech. This book, presenting language as a remarkable social adaptation, testifies to the growing influence of evolutionary thinking in contemporary linguistics. It will be welcomed by all those interested in human evolution, evolutionary psychology, linguistic anthropology, and general linguistics.

The Origins of Grammar

Author : James R. Hurford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199207879
Total Pages : 808 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origins of Grammar by : James R. Hurford

Download or read book The Origins of Grammar written by James R. Hurford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second in James Hurford's acclaimed two-volume exploration of the biological evolution of language explores the evolutionary and cultural preconditions and consequences of humanity's great leap into language.

The Evolution of Language

Author : W. Tecumseh Fitch
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052185993X
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Language by : W. Tecumseh Fitch

Download or read book The Evolution of Language written by W. Tecumseh Fitch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the most important insights from the vast amount of literature on the origin of language.

Biological Foundations and Origin of Syntax

Author : Derek Bickerton
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262549123
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Foundations and Origin of Syntax by : Derek Bickerton

Download or read book Biological Foundations and Origin of Syntax written by Derek Bickerton and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-09-19 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdisciplinary perspectives on the evolutionary and biological roots of syntax, describing current research on syntax in fields ranging from linguistics to neurology. Syntax is arguably the most human-specific aspect of language. Despite the proto-linguistic capacities of some animals, syntax appears to be the last major evolutionary transition in humans that has some genetic basis. Yet what are the elements to a scenario that can explain such a transition? In this book, experts from linguistics, neurology and neurobiology, cognitive psychology, ecology and evolutionary biology, and computer modeling address this question. Unlike most previous work on the evolution of language, Biological Foundations and Origin of Syntax follows through on a growing consensus among researchers that language can be profitably separated into a number of related and interacting but largely autonomous functions, each of which may have a distinguishable evolutionary history and neurological base. The contributors argue that syntax is such a function.The book describes the current state of research on syntax in different fields, with special emphasis on areas in which the findings of particular disciplines might shed light on problems faced by other disciplines. It defines areas where consensus has been established with regard to the nature, infrastructure, and evolution of the syntax of natural languages; summarizes and evaluates contrasting approaches in areas that remain controversial; and suggests lines for future research to resolve at least some of these disputed issues. Contributors Andrea Baronchelli, Derek Bickerton, Dorothy V. M. Bishop, Denis Bouchard, Robert Boyd, Jens Brauer, Ted Briscoe, David Caplan, Nick Chater, Morten H. Christiansen, Terrence W.Deacon, Francesco d'Errico, Anna Fedor, Julia Fischer, Angela D. Friederici, Tom Givón, Thomas Griffiths, Balázs Gulyás, Peter Hagoort, Austin Hilliard, James R. Hurford, Péter Ittzés, Gerhard Jäger, Herbert Jäger, Edith Kaan, Simon Kirby, Natalia L. Komarova, Tatjana Nazir, Frederick Newmeyer, Kazuo Okanoya, Csaba Plèh, Peter J. Richerson, Luigi Rizzi, Wolf Singer, Mark Steedman, Luc Steels, Szabolcs Számadó, Eörs Szathmáry, Maggie Tallerman, Jochen Triesch, Stephanie Ann White

The Cambridge Handbook of Psycholinguistics

Author : Michael Spivey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139536141
Total Pages : 1297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Psycholinguistics by : Michael Spivey

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Psycholinguistics written by Michael Spivey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 1297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our ability to speak, write, understand speech and read is critical to our ability to function in today's society. As such, psycholinguistics, or the study of how humans learn and use language, is a central topic in cognitive science. This comprehensive handbook is a collection of chapters written not by practitioners in the field, who can summarize the work going on around them, but by trailblazers from a wide array of subfields, who have been shaping the field of psycholinguistics over the last decade. Some topics discussed include how children learn language, how average adults understand and produce language, how language is represented in the brain, how brain-damaged individuals perform in terms of their language abilities and computer-based models of language and meaning. This is required reading for advanced researchers, graduate students and upper-level undergraduates who are interested in the recent developments and the future of psycholinguistics.

Language Universals

Author : Morten H. Christiansen Professor of Psychology Cornell University
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199719381
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Language Universals by : Morten H. Christiansen Professor of Psychology Cornell University

Download or read book Language Universals written by Morten H. Christiansen Professor of Psychology Cornell University and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007-04-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Languages differ from one another in bewildering and seemingly arbitrary ways. For example, in English, the verb precedes the direct object ('understand the proof'), but in Japanese, the direct object comes first. In some languages, such as Mohawk, it is not even possible to establish a basic word order. Nonetheless, languages do share certain regularities in how they are structured and used. The exact nature and extent of these "language universals" has been the focus of much research and is one of the central explanatory goals in the language sciences. During the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress, a few major conceptual revolutions, and even the emergence of entirely new fields. The wealth of findings and theories offered by the various language-science disciplines has made it more important than ever to work toward an integrated understanding of the nature of human language universals. This book is the first to examine language universals from a cross-disciplinary perspective. It provides new insights into long standing questions such as: What exactly defines the human capacity for language? Are there universal properties of human languages and, if so, what are they? Can all language universals be explained in the same way, or do some universals require different kinds of explanations from others? Language Universals is unique in starting with the assumption that the best way to approach these and related questions is through a dialogue between a wide range of disciplines, including linguistics, cognitive neuroscience, philosophy, computer science and biology.

Innate Lymphoid Cell Development, Migration, and Function

Author : Paula Licona-Limón
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832536700
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Innate Lymphoid Cell Development, Migration, and Function by : Paula Licona-Limón

Download or read book Innate Lymphoid Cell Development, Migration, and Function written by Paula Licona-Limón and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell lineages derived from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) play a critical role in antigen recognition, acute and long term protection against pathogens, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. CLPs give rise to adaptive immune cells that bear unique antigen receptors and to innate immune cells that perform non-redundant roles, particularly during early effector responses, by facilitating local immunity and shaping the ensuing adaptive response. Recent discoveries indicate that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) exert essential modulatory effects in normal and pathological responses. Because adaptive and innate lymphoid cells share transcription factors, cytokines, and molecular surface markers, it is essential to dissect the contribution of innate lymphoid cell subsets to immune tolerance, maintenance of tissue homeostasis and during the development of inflammatory responses. In this research topic we will focus on the functional diversity and individual roles that the variety of innate lymphoid cell subsets perform in steady state as well as in different pathological conditions including infection and autoimmunity. This will contribute to the generation of a more comprehensive and integrated view of how these cells interact with the environment, collaborate with other cells and regulate tissue homeostasis and immunity in a context-dependent manner. We welcome Original Research, Review, and Mini-review articles related to, but not limited to the following topics: 1. Innate lymphoid cell development and migration 2. Characterization and identification of signals controlling innate lymphoid differentiation and function 3. Molecular interactions between innate lymphoid cells and other immune and non-immune subsets 4. Role of ILCs in tissue homeostasis 5. Role of ILCs in pathology We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.

Molecular Aspects of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Author : Kenneth B. M. Reid
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 0854046984
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Aspects of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by : Kenneth B. M. Reid

Download or read book Molecular Aspects of Innate and Adaptive Immunity written by Kenneth B. M. Reid and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on innate and adaptive immunity with emphasis on the protein chemistry of the system. This volume provides an insight and understanding at the molecular level, of the interactions between innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. It is suitable for academics, students and established scientists and professionals.

The Innate Mind

Author : Peter Carruthers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195179994
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis The Innate Mind by : Peter Carruthers

Download or read book The Innate Mind written by Peter Carruthers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 3: Concerned with the fundamental architecture of the mind, this text addresses questions about the existence & extent of human innate abilities, how these inate abilities affect the development of the mature mind, & which of them is shared with other species.

Synaptic Self

Author : Joseph LeDoux
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 9780142001783
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Synaptic Self by : Joseph LeDoux

Download or read book Synaptic Self written by Joseph LeDoux and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2003-01-28 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996 Joseph LeDoux's The Emotional Brain presented a revelatory examination of the biological bases of our emotions and memories. Now, the world-renowned expert on the brain has produced with a groundbreaking work that tells a more profound story: how the little spaces between the neurons—the brain's synapses—are the channels through which we think, act, imagine, feel, and remember. Synapses encode the essence of personality, enabling each of us to function as a distinctive, integrated individual from moment to moment. Exploring the functioning of memory, the synaptic basis of mental illness and drug addiction, and the mechanism of self-awareness, Synaptic Self is a provocative and mind-expanding work that is destined to become a classic.

Plant Innate Immunity

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080888798
Total Pages : 795 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Innate Immunity by :

Download or read book Plant Innate Immunity written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant innate immunity is a collective term to describe a complex of interconnected mechanisms that plants use to withstand potential pathogens and herbivores. The last decade has seen a rapid advance in our understanding of the induction, signal transduction and expression of resistance responses to oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and insects. This volume aims at providing an overview of these processes and mechanisms.Edited by Jean-Claude Kader and Michel Delseny and supported by an international Editorial Board, Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Multidisciplinary reviews written from a broad range of scientific perspectives For over 40 years, series has enjoyed a reputation for excellence Contributors internationally recognized authorities in their respective fields

Dimensions of Conscious Experience

Author : Paavo Pylkkänen
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027251572
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Dimensions of Conscious Experience by : Paavo Pylkkänen

Download or read book Dimensions of Conscious Experience written by Paavo Pylkkänen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is by now commonly agreed that the proper study of consciousness requires a multidisciplinary approach which focuses on the varieties and dimensions of conscious experience from different angles. This book, which is based on a workshop held at the University of Skövde, Sweden, provides a microcosm of the emerging discipline of consciousness studies and focuses on some important but neglected aspects of consciousness. The book brings together philosophy, psychology, cognitive neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive and computer science, biology, physics, art and the new media. It contains critical studies of subjectivity vs objectivity, nonconceptuality vs conceptuality, language, evolutionary aspects, neural correlates, microphysical level, creativity, visual arts and dreams. It is suitable as a text-book for a third-year undergraduate or a graduate seminar on consciousness studies. (Series A)

Transcriptional and Chromatin Regulation in Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells

Author : Keiko Ozato
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889637239
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional and Chromatin Regulation in Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells by : Keiko Ozato

Download or read book Transcriptional and Chromatin Regulation in Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells written by Keiko Ozato and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcription depends on an ordered sequence of events, starting with (i) setting of the enhancer and chromatin environment, (ii) assembly of DNA binding and general transcription factors, (iii) initiation, elongation, processing of mRNA and termination, followed by (iv) creation of epigenetic marks and memory formation. Highlighting the importance of these activities, more than 10% total genes are dedicated to regulating transcriptional mechanisms. This area of research is highly active and new insights are continuously being added to our knowledge. Cells of the immune system have unique features of gene regulation to support diverse tasks required for innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity involves the recognition of external infectious and noxious agents as well as internal cancer cell components, and the elimination of these agents by non-specific mechanisms. Adaptive immunity involves gene rearrangement to achieve highly specific T and B cell responses, imparting the capability of self and non-self discrimination. This requires transcription and epigenetic regulation. Adaptive immunity also employs epigenetic memory, enabling recapitulation of prior transcription. Recent advances in nuclear architecture, chromatin structure, and transcriptional regulation have provided new insights into immune responses. The increased understanding of these molecular mechanisms is now affording opportunities to improve therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Negative Regulators of Innate Immunity and their Role in Host Responses to Injury and Infection

Author : Maciej Lech
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889749533
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Negative Regulators of Innate Immunity and their Role in Host Responses to Injury and Infection by : Maciej Lech

Download or read book Negative Regulators of Innate Immunity and their Role in Host Responses to Injury and Infection written by Maciej Lech and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-20 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Innate

Author : Kevin J. Mitchell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691204152
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Innate by : Kevin J. Mitchell

Download or read book Innate written by Kevin J. Mitchell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What makes you the way you are--and what makes each of us different from everyone else? In Innate, leading neuroscientist and popular science blogger Kevin Mitchell traces human diversity and individual differences to their deepest level: in the wiring of our brains. Deftly guiding us through important new research, including his own groundbreaking work, he explains how variations in the way our brains develop before birth strongly influence our psychology and behavior throughout our lives, shaping our personality, intelligence, sexuality, and even the way we perceive the world. We all share a genetic program for making a human brain, and the program for making a brain like yours is specifically encoded in your DNA. But, as Mitchell explains, the way that program plays out is affected by random processes of development that manifest uniquely in each person, even identical twins. The key insight of Innate is that the combination of these developmental and genetic variations creates innate differences in how our brains are wired--differences that impact all aspects of our psychology--and this insight promises to transform the way we see the interplay of nature and nurture. Innate also explores the genetic and neural underpinnings of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and how our understanding of these conditions is being revolutionized. In addition, the book examines the social and ethical implications of these ideas and of new technologies that may soon offer the means to predict or manipulate human traits. Compelling and original, Innate will change the way you think about why and how we are who we are."--Provided by the publisher.

The Innate Mind

Author : Peter Carruthers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198042365
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis The Innate Mind by : Peter Carruthers

Download or read book The Innate Mind written by Peter Carruthers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume of a projected three-volume set on the subject of innateness. The volume is highly interdisciplinary, and addresses such question as: To what extent are mature cognitive capacities a reflection of particular cultures and to what extent are they a product of innate elements? How do innate elements interact with culture to achieve mature cognitive capacities? How do minds generate and shape cultures? How are cultures processed by minds? The volume will be of great importance to anyone interested in the interplay between culture and the innate mind.