Language Modeling for Information Retrieval

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401701717
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Language Modeling for Information Retrieval by : W. Bruce Croft

Download or read book Language Modeling for Information Retrieval written by W. Bruce Croft and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A statisticallanguage model, or more simply a language model, is a prob abilistic mechanism for generating text. Such adefinition is general enough to include an endless variety of schemes. However, a distinction should be made between generative models, which can in principle be used to synthesize artificial text, and discriminative techniques to classify text into predefined cat egories. The first statisticallanguage modeler was Claude Shannon. In exploring the application of his newly founded theory of information to human language, Shannon considered language as a statistical source, and measured how weH simple n-gram models predicted or, equivalently, compressed natural text. To do this, he estimated the entropy of English through experiments with human subjects, and also estimated the cross-entropy of the n-gram models on natural 1 text. The ability of language models to be quantitatively evaluated in tbis way is one of their important virtues. Of course, estimating the true entropy of language is an elusive goal, aiming at many moving targets, since language is so varied and evolves so quickly. Yet fifty years after Shannon's study, language models remain, by all measures, far from the Shannon entropy liInit in terms of their predictive power. However, tbis has not kept them from being useful for a variety of text processing tasks, and moreover can be viewed as encouragement that there is still great room for improvement in statisticallanguage modeling.

Kung Fu Panda

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Publisher : HarperCollins UK
ISBN 13 : 0007269269
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Kung Fu Panda by :

Download or read book Kung Fu Panda written by and published by HarperCollins UK. This book was released on 2008 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Po Is A Lazy Panda Who Must Somehow Become A Kung Fu Master In Order To Save The Valley Of Peace From A Villainous Snow Leopard, Tai Lung. Set In The Legendary World Of Ancient China, This Is The Story Of Po, Our Unlikely Hero, Who Enters The Rigid World Of Kung Fu And Turns It Upside Down! A Fun, Fast-Paced Novel With Photos From The Hit New Movie - Perfect For All Kung Pu Panda Fans!

A Decade of the Berkeley Math Circle

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Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821846833
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis A Decade of the Berkeley Math Circle by : Zvezdelina Stankova

Download or read book A Decade of the Berkeley Math Circle written by Zvezdelina Stankova and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2008-11-26 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many mathematicians have been drawn to mathematics through their experience with math circles: extracurricular programs exposing teenage students to advanced mathematical topics and a myriad of problem solving techniques and inspiring in them a lifelong love for mathematics. Founded in 1998, the Berkeley Math Circle (BMC) is a pioneering model of a U.S. math circle, aspiring to prepare our best young minds for their future roles as mathematics leaders. Over the last decade, 50 instructors--from university professors to high school teachers to business tycoons--have shared their passion for mathematics by delivering more than 320 BMC sessions full of mathematical challenges and wonders. Based on a dozen of these sessions, this book encompasses a wide variety of enticing mathematical topics: from inversion in the plane to circle geometry; from combinatorics to Rubik's cube and abstract algebra; from number theory to mass point theory; from complex numbers to game theory via invariants and monovariants. The treatments of these subjects encompass every significant method of proof and emphasize ways of thinking and reasoning via 100 problem solving techniques. Also featured are 300 problems, ranging from beginner to intermediate level, with occasional peaks of advanced problems and even some open questions. The book presents possible paths to studying mathematics and inevitably falling in love with it, via teaching two important skills: thinking creatively while still ``obeying the rules,'' and making connections between problems, ideas, and theories. The book encourages you to apply the newly acquired knowledge to problems and guides you along the way, but rarely gives you ready answers. ``Learning from our own mistakes'' often occurs through discussions of non-proofs and common problem solving pitfalls. The reader has to commit to mastering the new theories and techniques by ``getting your hands dirty'' with the problems, going back and reviewing necessary problem solving techniques and theory, and persistently moving forward in the book. The mathematical world is huge: you'll never know everything, but you'll learn where to find things, how to connect and use them. The rewards will be substantial. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.

Circle in a Box

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Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 082184752X
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Circle in a Box by : Sam Vandervelde

Download or read book Circle in a Box written by Sam Vandervelde and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2009 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Math circles provide a setting in which mathematicians work with secondary school students who are interested in mathematics. This form of outreach, which has existed for decades in Russia, Bulgaria, and other countries, is now rapidly spreading across the United States as well. The first part of this book offers helpful advice on all aspects of math circle operations, culled from conversations with over a dozen directors of successful math circles. Topics include creative means for getting the word out to students, sound principles for selecting effective speakers, guidelines for securing financial support, and tips for designing an exciting math circle session. The purpose of this discussion is to enable math circle coordinators to establish a thriving group in which students can experience the delight of mathematical investigation. The second part of the book outlines ten independent math circle sessions, covering a variety of topics and difficulty levels. Each chapter contains detailed presentation notes along with a useful collection of problems and solutions. This book will be an indispensable resource for any individual involved with a math circle or anyone who would like to see one begin in his or her community. Sam Vandervelde teaches at St. Lawrence University. He launched the Stanford Math Circle and also writes and coordinates the Mandelbrot Competition, a math contest for high schools. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession. Titles in this series are co-published with the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI).

The Papa Files

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781949720549
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (25 download)

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Book Synopsis The Papa Files by : Vincent Cardegin

Download or read book The Papa Files written by Vincent Cardegin and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Native Florida Plants

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Publisher : Taylor Trade Publishing
ISBN 13 : 158979480X
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Native Florida Plants by : Robert G. Haehle

Download or read book Native Florida Plants written by Robert G. Haehle and published by Taylor Trade Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many counties in Florida now require that new commercial landscapes contain a percentage of native plants. Native landscapes are easier to maintain, use less water and thrive without chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Native Florida Plants describes every type of regional flora—-from seaside foliage and wildflowers to grassy meadows, shrubs, vines, and aquatic gardens—-in 301 profiles and accompanying color photographs.

Everglades Wildflowers

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1493014595
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Everglades Wildflowers by : Roger L. Hammer

Download or read book Everglades Wildflowers written by Roger L. Hammer and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Everglades region is a mosaic of interconnected ecosystems where a slight elevation change can lead you from dry, rocky pinelands and shady hardwood hammocks to flooded grassy prairies and deep, mysterious swamps. Fascinating wildflowers abound in every habitat. This full-color, expanded second edition contains beautiful photos, easy-to-understand descriptions, and interesting facts about 362 wildflowers that inhabit this picturesque region.

Free Discontinuity Problems

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 8876425934
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (764 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Discontinuity Problems by : Nicola Fusco

Download or read book Free Discontinuity Problems written by Nicola Fusco and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-02 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a series of lectures on three of the best known examples of free discontinuity problems: the Mumford-Shah model for image segmentation, a variational model for the epitaxial growth of thin films, and the sharp interface limit of the Ohta-Kawasaki model for pattern formation in dyblock copolymers.

The Story of Fort Myers

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The Story of Fort Myers by : Karl Hiram Grismer

Download or read book The Story of Fort Myers written by Karl Hiram Grismer and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Media Programming

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Publisher : Wadsworth Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780495500537
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Media Programming by : Susan Tyler Eastman

Download or read book Media Programming written by Susan Tyler Eastman and published by Wadsworth Publishing Company. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is primarily about television and radio and it focuses on entertainment and informational programs coming to viewers as pre-produced units of content. -Pref. [This book] provides students with ... information on the techniques and strategies used in the programming industry. [This] text covers all aspects of media programming for broadcast and cable television, radio, and the Internet ... The authors explore how programs (units of content) are selected (or not selected), how programs are arranged in schedules of various kinds, how programs are evaluated by the industry, and how they are promoted to audiences and advertisers. The book also delves into the limits of media programming arising from technology, regulations, policies, and marketing needs, as well as how things like human attention spans, lifestyle patterns and economics determine the availability and arrangement of media entertainment content. -http://www.wadsworth.com.

Mollie's War

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Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 0786460261
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Mollie's War by : Mollie Weinstein Schaffer

Download or read book Mollie's War written by Mollie Weinstein Schaffer and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 150,000 women who served in the Women's Army Corps are now seen as the undersung heroes of the Second World War. This memoir describes the life of a WAC enlistee who would serve in England when it came under attack, France immediately after the Allied invasion, and Germany after VE Day. From her experience in basic training in Daytona Beach to the climactic moment when she saw the Statue of Liberty as her ship approached American shores upon her return home, this work provides a glimpse into the life of a woman in uniform during this crucial time in American history.

Dynamical Systems with Applications using MAPLE

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489928499
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamical Systems with Applications using MAPLE by : Stephen Lynch

Download or read book Dynamical Systems with Applications using MAPLE written by Stephen Lynch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of this book was published in 2001, MapleTM has evolved from Maple V into Maple 13. Accordingly, this new edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded to include more applications, examples, and exercises, all with solutions; two new chapters on neural networks and simulation have also been added. The author has emphasized breadth of coverage rather than fine detail, and theorems with proof are kept to a minimum. This text is aimed at senior undergraduates, graduate students, and working scientists in various branches of applied mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering.

Infinite-dimensional Analysis: Operators In Hilbert Space; Stochastic Calculus Via Representations, And Duality Theory

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Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811225796
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Infinite-dimensional Analysis: Operators In Hilbert Space; Stochastic Calculus Via Representations, And Duality Theory by : Palle Jorgensen

Download or read book Infinite-dimensional Analysis: Operators In Hilbert Space; Stochastic Calculus Via Representations, And Duality Theory written by Palle Jorgensen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-01-15 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to make available to beginning graduate students, and to others, some core areas of analysis which serve as prerequisites for new developments in pure and applied areas. We begin with a presentation (Chapters 1 and 2) of a selection of topics from the theory of operators in Hilbert space, algebras of operators, and their corresponding spectral theory. This is a systematic presentation of interrelated topics from infinite-dimensional and non-commutative analysis; again, with view to applications. Chapter 3 covers a study of representations of the canonical commutation relations (CCRs); with emphasis on the requirements of infinite-dimensional calculus of variations, often referred to as Ito and Malliavin calculus, Chapters 4-6. This further connects to key areas in quantum physics.

Twelve Tests of Character

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Twelve Tests of Character by : Harry Emerson Fosdick

Download or read book Twelve Tests of Character written by Harry Emerson Fosdick and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Please to the Table

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Publisher : Workman Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780894807534
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Please to the Table by : Anya Von Bremzen

Download or read book Please to the Table written by Anya Von Bremzen and published by Workman Publishing. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 350 recipes from all fifteen republics of the Soviet Union offer samples of the country's vast diversity--from the robust foods of the Baltic states, to the delicate pilafs of Azerbaijan

The Dark Storm

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Publisher : St. Martin's Paperbacks
ISBN 13 : 1429956097
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dark Storm by : Kris Greene

Download or read book The Dark Storm written by Kris Greene and published by St. Martin's Paperbacks. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gabriel is a New York City college kid who loves to bury his nose in books, looking up stories of long-dead cultures, lost languages, and forgotten legends. He never imagined one of those legends would come looking for him—until a tough-talking girl named De Mona Sanchez thrusts an ancient weapon into his hands...and recruits Gabriel in a dark epic war he was born to fight. Banished centuries ago by warrior knights, a demonic army is storming through a dimensional rift into our world. Stalkers are prowling the streets. Corpses are rising up to fight. And Gabriel—a descendant of one of the original warriors—has no choice but to drop his textbooks and start kicking demon butt alongside his new friend De Mona...who has a few secrets of her own. If Gabriel fails, humanity loses. If war is hell, this is hell on earth... Kris Greene's The Dark Storm is thrilling contemporary fantasy.

Environmental Mathematics in the Classroom

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Author :
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470457105
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Mathematics in the Classroom by : B. A. Fusaro

Download or read book Environmental Mathematics in the Classroom written by B. A. Fusaro and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Mathematics seeks to marry the most pressing challenge of our time with the most powerful technology of our time - mathematics. This book does this at an elementary level and demonstrates a wide variety of significant environmental applications that can be explored without resorting to calculus. Environmental Mathematics in the Classroom includes several chapters accessible enough to be a text in a general education course or to enrich an elementary algebra course. Ground-level ozone, pollution and water use, preservation of whales, mathematical economics, the movement of clouds over a mountain range, at least one population model, and a smorgasbord of 'newspaper mathematics' can be studied at this level and would form a stimulating course. It would prepare future teachers not only to learn basic mathematics, but to understand how they can integrate it into other topics that will intrigue students.