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From Which Foreign Direct Investment Channels Can Domestic Firms Benefit The Most In Developing Countries
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Book Synopsis From which Foreign Direct Investment Channels can Domestic Firms Benefit the most in Developing Countries? by : Yannick Koniezny
Download or read book From which Foreign Direct Investment Channels can Domestic Firms Benefit the most in Developing Countries? written by Yannick Koniezny and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Dusseldorf "Heinrich Heine", language: English, abstract: In the wake of globalization, the importance of Foreign Direct Investments (henceforth FDI) has strongly increased. From 1990 to 2017 the amount of FDI inflows in the world has increased sevenfold. Most FDI expenditures flow between industrialized countries. But also developing countries show a strong increase in FDI inflows. Especially China became attractive for FDIs in the past years after reducing FDI restrictions. In the year 1978, before substantial reforms, almost no FDIs were made in China. 39 years later, in 2017, approximately 9.5% of the worldwide FDIs were conducted in China. In the same period, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of China has increased fifty-six-fold. At the same time, the export ratio of China has increased from approximately 4.5 % to 19.8 %. These developments suggest that FDI may have a positive influence on economic growth and thus on firms' growth in developing countries. Therefore, governments of developing countries try to attract their country and companies for FDI by granting tax holidays or other benefits in the hope that the domestic economy can benefit from positive FDI spillovers. Companies have various reasons to make an investment in a foreign country e.g. lower wages, new market access, better resources, etc. All those motives are linked to the superior objective of profit maximization. According to John H. Dunning’s "Eclectic paradigm", there are three conditions which must be fulfilled so that companies make an investment in a foreign country. First, the ownership advantage which means that a company must have an exclusive competitive advantage over competitors in the foreign market. Second, the location advantage which means that a company must benefit from the differences between home and host countries for example through lower wages or factor costs and third, the internalization advantage which means that a company must exploit its specific competitive advantages itself and not sell them to existing companies, e.g. in the form of licenses.
Book Synopsis Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment? by : Brian J. Aitken
Download or read book Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment? written by Brian J. Aitken and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It seems that technology gains from foreign investment are captured entirely by joint ventures.
Book Synopsis Trade, foreign direct investment, and international technology transfer : a survey by : Kamal Saggi
Download or read book Trade, foreign direct investment, and international technology transfer : a survey written by Kamal Saggi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: May 2000 - How much a developing country can take advantage of technology transfer from foreign direct investment depends partly on how well educated and well trained its workforce is, how much it is willing to invest in research and development, and how much protection it offers for intellectual property rights. Saggi surveys the literature on trade and foreign direct investment - especially wholly owned subsidiaries of multinational firms and international joint ventures - as channels for technology transfer. He also discusses licensing and other arm's-length channels of technology transfer. He concludes: How trade encourages growth depends on whether knowledge spillover is national or international. Spillover is more likely to be national for developing countries than for industrial countries; Local policy often makes pure foreign direct investment infeasible, so foreign firms choose licensing or joint ventures. The jury is still out on whether licensing or joint ventures lead to more learning by local firms; Policies designed to attract foreign direct investment are proliferating. Several plant-level studies have failed to find positive spillover from foreign direct investment to firms competing directly with subsidiaries of multinationals. (However, these studies treat foreign direct investment as exogenous and assume spillover to be horizontal - when it may be vertical.) All such studies do find the subsidiaries of multinationals to be more productive than domestic firms, so foreign direct investment does result in host countries using resources more effectively; Absorptive capacity in the host country is essential for getting significant benefits from foreign direct investment. Without adequate human capital or investments in research and development, spillover fails to materialize; A country's policy on protection of intellectual property rights affects the type of industry it attracts. Firms for which such rights are crucial (such as pharmaceutical firms) are unlikely to invest directly in countries where such protections are weak, or will not invest in manufacturing and research and development activities. Policy on intellectual property rights also influences whether technology transfer comes through licensing, joint ventures, or the establishment of wholly owned subsidiaries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study microfoundations of international technology diffusion. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Microfoundations of International Technology Diffusion. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment for Development Maximising benefits, minimising costs by : OECD
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment for Development Maximising benefits, minimising costs written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002-09-24 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review of the issues related to the impact of FDI on development as well as to the policies needed to maximise the benefits.
Book Synopsis Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development? by : Theodore H. Moran
Download or read book Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development? written by Theodore H. Moran and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2005 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers the cutting edge of new research on foreign direct investment and host country economic performance, and presents the most sophisticated critiques of current and past inquiries. It presents new results, concludes with an analysis of the implications for contemporary policy debates, and proposed new avenues for future research.
Book Synopsis Making Foreign Direct Investment Work for Sub-Saharan Africa by : Thomas Farole
Download or read book Making Foreign Direct Investment Work for Sub-Saharan Africa written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the results of a groundbreaking study on ‘spillovers’ of knowledge and technology from global value-chain oriented foreign direct investment (FDI) in Sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses implications for policymakers hoping to harness the power of FDI for economic development.
Book Synopsis How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth by : Mr.Eduardo Borensztein
Download or read book How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth written by Mr.Eduardo Borensztein and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We test the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in a cross-country regression framework, utilizing data on FDI flows from industrial countries to 69 developing countries over the last two decades. Our results suggest that FDI is an important vehicle for the transfer of technology, contributing relatively more to growth than domestic investment. However, the higher productivity of FDI holds only when the host country has a minimum threshold stock of human capital. In addition, FDI has the effect of increasing total investment in the economy more than one for one, which suggests the predominance of complementarity effects with domestic firms.
Book Synopsis OECD Energy Investment Policy Review of Ukraine by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Energy Investment Policy Review of Ukraine written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Review assesses Ukraine’s investment climate vis-à-vis the country’s energy sector reforms and discusses challenges and opportunities in this context. Capitalising on the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and other relevant instruments and guidance, the Review takes a broad approach to investment climate challenges facing Ukraine’s energy sector.
Book Synopsis How Foreingn Investment Affects Hose Countries by : Magnus Blomström
Download or read book How Foreingn Investment Affects Hose Countries written by Magnus Blomström and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty Reduction by : Michael U. Klein
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty Reduction written by Michael U. Klein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1990s, foreign direct investment began to swamp all other cross-border capital flows into developing countries. Does foreign direct investment support sound development? In particular, does it contribute to poverty reduction?
Book Synopsis The Role of Multinational Corporations in Shaping Economies by : Caroline Mutuku
Download or read book The Role of Multinational Corporations in Shaping Economies written by Caroline Mutuku and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.4, , language: English, abstract: It seems most developing countries have realized the immense benefits associated with Multinational Corporations (MNC’s), especially with regard to the productivity of the firms in the host country. In the past decades, there has been an unprecedented debate over whether multinational corporations yield economic benefits to the host countries but, that argument appear to have varnished after a comprehensive evaluation of different elements of multinational corporations. Currently, most countries are attracting multinational corporations to reap the accrued benefits, especially through Foreign Direct Investment, which has proven to boost the host country’s economy through enhancing productivity. Some of the principal reasons as to why multinational corporations are considered beneficial to the host countries include technology transfer, creation of new job opportunities and the inflow of capital from the MNC’s parent company to its subsidiaries in the host country. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is known to be one of the principal drivers of productivity in the host countries because it enhances technological transfer, which in turn yields enormous benefits to the host country and the parent company. In most cases, host countries access superior technology through technological spillovers and, this enhances the productivity of the local firms. Campos states, “In addition, host country firms may obtain other potential productivity spillovers that the presence of MNC could generate on suppliers and customer.” Concisely, there are different ways in which multinational corporations enhance productivity of the firms. Therefore, this research will give an overview on the impact of multinational corporations on productivity.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Programs in Industrial Countries to Promote Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries by : Thérèse Bélot
Download or read book Programs in Industrial Countries to Promote Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries written by Thérèse Bélot and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years industrial countries have encouraged domestic firms to make direct investments in developing countries. These direct promotion programs, some of which have existed for several decades, provide the focus of this paper. However, support by industrial country governments has sometimes been ambiguous, many governments have faced serious opposition from domestic interest groups. Many developing countries also have been ambivalent about encouraging inflows of foreign direct investment. These attitudes are now changing on both sides. In this changing environment, this paper surveys the existing bilateral programs of fourteen member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the programs of several multilateral institutions. Chapter 2 gives an overview of the organizations involved in investment promotion, while Chapter 3 outlines the trends of several of the most important bilateral and multilateral investment promotion programs. The underlying principles and practices of both bilateral and multilateral programs are evaluated in Chapter 4 in light of the changing environment, and also of what is now known about effective investment promotion tecniques. Changes in both content and organization of present programs would improve their effectiveness; some of these changes are outlined in Chapter 5.
Book Synopsis Policy Framework for Investment by : OECD
Download or read book Policy Framework for Investment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on good practices from OECD and non-OECD countries, the Framework proposes a set of questions for governments to consider in ten policy fields as critically important for the quality of a country’s environment for investment.
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment and Development by : Theodore H. Moran
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment and Development written by Theodore H. Moran and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1998 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores three related issues of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the point of view of the host country: benefits and risks; the effectiveness of international markets in providing FDI to developing countries; and the kinds of policies that allow countries to capture the benefits and avoid the risks of FDI. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment: A Global Perspective by : Hwy-chang Moon
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment: A Global Perspective written by Hwy-chang Moon and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) studies have evolved as one of the mainstreams in business strategy. This book presents a comprehensive perspective on the motivations behind the studies, the effects of FDI, and how it can be utilized and extended to other areas of studies. Written with a global perspective, this book not only touches upon business strategies but also covers government policies toward promoting and attracting FDI for industrial and economic development. The author, with his vast experience in consulting and research projects for multinational companies, international organizations and governments, examines real world business practices of Eastern firms and how they relate to their Western counterparts, thus making this book a valuable and practical reference not only for students, but for practitioners, too.
Book Synopsis Foreign Investment in Developing Countries by : H. Kehal
Download or read book Foreign Investment in Developing Countries written by H. Kehal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-11-10 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines foreign investment in developing countries both from a theoretical perspective and country specific perspective. It covers strategies to maximize the benefits that draw from the inward investment flow as well as examining foreign investment as a vehicle for international economic integration. The book focuses on foreign investment in the third and fourth largest economies of the world - the Peoples Republic of China and India - in addition to Indonesia, Malaysia and other countries.
