From Research To Road Map

Download From Research To Road Map full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online From Research To Road Map ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

A Review of the NIOSH Roadmap for Research on Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309140153
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Review of the NIOSH Roadmap for Research on Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Review of the NIOSH Roadmap for Research on Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-02 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although asbestos is no longer mined in the United States, prior and ongoing exposures to asbestos continue to contribute to respiratory diseases, including mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. To examine ongoing issues and concerns in this field, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) drafted a research roadmap, Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongated Mineral Particles: State of the Science and Roadmap for Research, that provides an overview of the state of the science and a plan for future research in areas including toxicology, mineralogy, epidemiology, and exposure assessment. The focus of the proposed research is on clarifying the relationship between human health effects and the physical and chemical characteristics of a wide range of elongate mineral particles. In 2008, NIOSH asked the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council to form a committee to provide a review of the scientific and technical quality of the January 2009 draft NIOSH Roadmap document. The present volume provides the committee's assessment of the Roadmap and recommendations for strengthening its utility for NIOSH, other federal agencies, the private sector, and other stakeholders.

Service-Oriented Perspectives in Design Science Research

Author : Hemant Jain
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642206328
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Service-Oriented Perspectives in Design Science Research by : Hemant Jain

Download or read book Service-Oriented Perspectives in Design Science Research written by Hemant Jain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Service-Oriented Perspectives in Design Science Research, DERIST 2011, held in Milwaukee, WI, USA, in May 2011. The 29 revised full papers presented together with 5 revised short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on design theory, design science research strategies, design methods and techniques, design evaluation, design guidelines, service-oriented perspectives in design science, process design, neuroscience in design research, and designing for social media.

Design Science Research Methods and Patterns

Author : Vijay K. Vaishnavi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420059335
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Design Science Research Methods and Patterns by : Vijay K. Vaishnavi

Download or read book Design Science Research Methods and Patterns written by Vijay K. Vaishnavi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design research promotes understanding of advanced, cutting-edge information systems through the construction and evaluation of these systems and their components. Since this method of research can produce rigorous, meaningful results in the absence of a strong theory base, it excels in investigating new and even speculative technologies, offering

Post-Truth

Author : Lee McIntyre
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262345986
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Post-Truth by : Lee McIntyre

Download or read book Post-Truth written by Lee McIntyre and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we arrived in a post-truth era, when “alternative facts” replace actual facts, and feelings have more weight than evidence. Are we living in a post-truth world, where “alternative facts” replace actual facts and feelings have more weight than evidence? How did we get here? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Lee McIntyre traces the development of the post-truth phenomenon from science denial through the rise of “fake news,” from our psychological blind spots to the public's retreat into “information silos.” What, exactly, is post-truth? Is it wishful thinking, political spin, mass delusion, bold-faced lying? McIntyre analyzes recent examples—claims about inauguration crowd size, crime statistics, and the popular vote—and finds that post-truth is an assertion of ideological supremacy by which its practitioners try to compel someone to believe something regardless of the evidence. Yet post-truth didn't begin with the 2016 election; the denial of scientific facts about smoking, evolution, vaccines, and climate change offers a road map for more widespread fact denial. Add to this the wired-in cognitive biases that make us feel that our conclusions are based on good reasoning even when they are not, the decline of traditional media and the rise of social media, and the emergence of fake news as a political tool, and we have the ideal conditions for post-truth. McIntyre also argues provocatively that the right wing borrowed from postmodernism—specifically, the idea that there is no such thing as objective truth—in its attacks on science and facts. McIntyre argues that we can fight post-truth, and that the first step in fighting post-truth is to understand it.

A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309483980
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.

The New Global Road Map

Author : Pankaj Ghemawat
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1633694054
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (336 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The New Global Road Map by : Pankaj Ghemawat

Download or read book The New Global Road Map written by Pankaj Ghemawat and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Globalization Now Means for Your Business Executives can no longer base their strategies on the assumption that globalization will continue to advance steadily. But how should they respond to the growing pressures against globalization? And what can businesses do to control their destinies in these times of uncertainty? In The New Global Road Map, Pankaj Ghemawat separates fact from fiction by giving readers a better understanding of the key trends affecting global business. He also explains how globalization levels around the world are changing, and where they are likely to go in the future. Using the most up-to-date data and analysis, Ghemawat dispels today's most dangerous myths and provides a clear view of the most critical issues facing policy makers in the years ahead. Building on this analysis, with examples from a diverse set of companies across industries and geographies, Ghemawat provides actionable frameworks and tools to help executives revise their strategies, restructure their global footprints, realign their organizations, and rethink how they work with local governments and institutions. In our era of rising nationalism and increased skepticism about globalization's benefits, The New Global Road Map delivers the definitive guide on how to compete profitably across borders.

Completing Your Qualitative Dissertation

Author : Linda Dale Bloomberg
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 150630771X
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Completing Your Qualitative Dissertation by : Linda Dale Bloomberg

Download or read book Completing Your Qualitative Dissertation written by Linda Dale Bloomberg and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing one of the key challenges facing doctoral students, Completing Your Qualitative Dissertation by Linda Dale Bloomberg and Marie Volpe fills a gap in qualitative literature by offering comprehensive guidance and practical tools for navigating each step in the qualitative dissertation journey, including the planning, research, and writing phases. Blending the conceptual, theoretical, and practical, the book becomes a dissertation in action—a logical and cohesive explanation and illustration of content and process. The Third Edition maintains key features that distinguish its unique approach and has been thoroughly updated and expanded throughout to reflect and address recent developments in the field.

Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas in Development

Author : Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas in Development by : Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias

Download or read book Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas in Development written by Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State governments recognize the value diaspora populations bring to development efforts worldwide. Since 2007, the Global Forum on Migration and Development has examined ways to highlight policies and programs that can magnify the resources, both human and financial, that emigrants and their descendants contribute to development. This handbook continues that effort on the basis of earlier investigations by the book's collaborating institutions, the academic and policy literature, consultations and in-depth interviews with government officials and nongovernmental actors, and input by 62 national governments. The handbook is divided into three major parts. Each part gives concrete examples of policies and programs that have been effective, and pulls out both useful lessons and common challenges associated with the topics at hand. The pivotal question now facing many policymakers is not so much if diasporas can benefit their countries of origin but how they do so and what kinds of government policies and programs can foster these relationships.

The Roadmap to 100

Author : Walter M. Bortz
Publisher : Palgrave MacMillan
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Roadmap to 100 by : Walter M. Bortz

Download or read book The Roadmap to 100 written by Walter M. Bortz and published by Palgrave MacMillan. This book was released on 2010-04-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a baby boomer turning sixty every ten seconds, we are rapidly becoming an aging society. But cutting edge research on the connection between age and disease shows us that many of the preconceptions we had about how to grow old need a second look. This groundbreaking book is full of take-away prescriptive advice which the nearly seventy-five million boomers in this nation will value. Top gerontologist and Stanford medical school professor Dr. Walter Bortz and co-author Randall Stickrod draw on new science and a thirty-year longitudinal study of centenarians to show that: • Genetics plays a smaller role in aging than previously thought • Senility, dementia, and other diseases of the elderly, are largely preventable and not an inevitable consequence of aging • Engagement, through sexual relationships, social interaction, and professional activity, is a key factor in long, healthy lives • Physical fitness can recover at least 30 years of aging Filled with in-depth insight and practical advice, The Roadmap to 100 gives you the power to control your own destiny and live well beyond 100.

Advanced Materials Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050

Author : Ke Lu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642053181
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advanced Materials Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050 by : Ke Lu

Download or read book Advanced Materials Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050 written by Ke Lu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-09 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of advanced materials science. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation's highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government's decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China's high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas.

Start Here

Author : Greg Berman
Publisher : The New Press
ISBN 13 : 1620972247
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (29 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Start Here by : Greg Berman

Download or read book Start Here written by Greg Berman and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As heard on NPR's Fresh Air Recommended by The New York Times' Sam Roberts “Start Here is an urgent and timely primer on the approaches that are working and don’t require federal approval or political revolution to end one of the most pressing justice issues the country faces today.” —Brooklyn Daily Eagle A bold agenda for criminal justice reform based on equal parts pragmatism and idealism, from the visionary director of the Center for Court Innovation, a leader of the reform movement Everyone knows that the United States leads the world in incarceration, and that our political process is gridlocked. What can be done right now to reduce the number of people sent to jail and prison? This essential book offers a concrete roadmap for both professionals and general readers who want to move from analysis to action. In this forward-looking, next-generation criminal justice reform book, Greg Berman and Julian Adler of the Center for Court Innovation highlight the key lessons from these programs—engaging the public in preventing crime, treating all defendants with dignity and respect, and linking people to effective community-based interventions rather than locking them up. Along the way, they tell a series of gripping stories, highlighting gang members who have gotten their lives back on track, judges who are transforming their courtrooms, and reformers around the country who are rethinking what justice looks like. While Start Here offers no silver bullets, it does put forth a suite of proven reforms—from alternatives to bail to diversion programs for mentally ill defendants—that will improve the lives of thousands of people right now. Start Here is a must-read for everyone who wants to start dismantling mass incarceration without waiting for a revolution or permission. Proceeds from the book will support the Center for Court Innovation's reform efforts.

Road Map for Graduate Study

Author : Donald C. Martin
Publisher : Dr Donald C Martin
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Road Map for Graduate Study by : Donald C. Martin

Download or read book Road Map for Graduate Study written by Donald C. Martin and published by Dr Donald C Martin. This book was released on 2008 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road Map for Graduate Study is written by a career insider who seeks to educate and enlighten individuals not only about the inquiry and application process, but also about how to succeed in graduate school. Readers are taken from A to Z with respect to the graduate school experience. The book covers research on graduate programs and institutions, the application process, and how to succeed once enrolled. Prospective students will have the tools to navigate the journey to earning a master's or doctoral degree. Road Map features personal questions to ask about your motivation to earn a graduate degree, a twelve-month checklist before applying, seven ways to get recognized as an applicant, seven deadly sins for applicants, how to respond if wait listed, denied or admitted, how to make the final enrollment decision, and fifteen essential pointers on thriving in grad school.

The Grim Reaper's Road Map

Author : Mary Shaw
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 9781861348234
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (482 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Grim Reaper's Road Map by : Mary Shaw

Download or read book The Grim Reaper's Road Map written by Mary Shaw and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An atlas of mortality in Britain based on data from 1981 to 2004, this new study explores causes of death across the UK, including a description of the cause of death, a map and cartogram showing the spatial distribution of that cause, a commentary on the pattern observed and the reason for it.

Roadmap to Successful Digital Health Ecosystems

Author : Evelyn Hovenga
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128236396
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Roadmap to Successful Digital Health Ecosystems by : Evelyn Hovenga

Download or read book Roadmap to Successful Digital Health Ecosystems written by Evelyn Hovenga and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-12 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roadmap to Successful Digital Health Ecosystems: A Global Perspective presents evidence-based solutions found on adopting open platforms, standard information models, technology neutral data repositories, and computable clinical data and knowledge (ontologies, terminologies, content models, process models, and guidelines), resulting in improved patient, organizational, and global health outcomes. The book helps engaging countries and stakeholders take action and commit to a digital health strategy, create a global environment and processes that will facilitate and induce collaboration, develop processes for monitoring and evaluating national digital health strategies, and enable learnings to be shared in support of WHO’s global strategy for digital health. The book explains different perspectives and local environments for digital health implementation, including data/information and technology governance, secondary data use, need for effective data interpretation, costly adverse events, models of care, HR management, workforce planning, system connectivity, data sharing and linking, small and big data, change management, and future vision. All proposed solutions are based on real-world scientific, social, and political evidence. Provides a roadmap, based on examples already in place, to develop and implement digital health systems on a large-scale that are easily reproducible in different environments Addresses World Health Organization (WHO)-identified research gaps associated with the feasibility and effectiveness of various digital health interventions Helps readers improve future decision-making within a digital environment by detailing insights into the complexities of the health system Presents evidence from real-world case studies from multiple countries to discuss new skills that suit new paradigms

Regional Development Research in China: A Roadmap to 2050

Author : Dadao Lu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642139957
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Regional Development Research in China: A Roadmap to 2050 by : Dadao Lu

Download or read book Regional Development Research in China: A Roadmap to 2050 written by Dadao Lu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-27 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of regional development research. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation's highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government's decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China's high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas.

Winning in Emerging Markets

Author : Tarun Khanna
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1422157865
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (221 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Winning in Emerging Markets by : Tarun Khanna

Download or read book Winning in Emerging Markets written by Tarun Khanna and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2010-04-28 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best way to select emerging markets to exploit is to evaluate their size or growth potential, right? Not according to Krishna Palepu and Tarun Khanna. In Winning in Emerging Markets, these leading scholars on the subject present a decidedly different framework for making this crucial choice. The authors argue that the primary exploitable characteristic of emerging markets is the lack of institutions (credit-card systems, intellectual-property adjudication, data research firms) that facilitate efficient business operations. While such "institutional voids" present challenges, they also provide major opportunities-for multinationals and local contenders. Palepu and Khanna provide a playbook for assessing emerging markets' potential and for crafting strategies for succeeding in those markets. They explain how to: · Spot institutional voids in developing economies, including in product, labor, and capital markets, as well as social and political systems · Identify opportunities to fill those voids; for example, by building or improving market institutions yourself · Exploit those opportunities through a rigorous five-phase process, including studying the market over time and acquiring new capabilities Packed with vivid examples and practical toolkits, Winning in Emerging Markets is a crucial resource for any company seeking to define and execute business strategy in developing economies.

Space Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050

Author : Huadong Guo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642053424
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Space Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050 by : Huadong Guo

Download or read book Space Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050 written by Huadong Guo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-09 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of space science. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China's modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China's S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China's reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China's modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China's reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation's highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government's decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China's high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas.