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Author : Giles Michael Marion
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Freeze-thaw Processes and Soil Chemistry written by Giles Michael Marion and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Freeze-thaw Processes and Soil Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review broadly examines the interactions between freeze-thaw processes and soil chemistry, focusing on (1) the effect of solutes on physical properties such as freezing-point depression, unfrozen water and frost heaving, (2) the effect of freeze-thaw cycles and low temperatures on soil chemistry, and (3) modeling of freeze-thaw processes and chemistry. The presence of solutes causes a freezing-point depression, which increases the amount of unfrozen water in soils. Liquid films on soil particles provide the dominant route for the flow of water and associated solutes in frozen soils. In general, salts reduce the hydraulic conductivity and water flow to the freezing front, which reduces frost heaving. Solute exclusion during freezing leads to supersaturated solutions, which promotes the precipitation of secondary minerals in soils. At the watershed level, ionic concentrations in early melt- waters are often 2-9 times higher than snowpack concentrations. Temperature is the dominant factor controlling decomposition rates, with minimal detectable rates occurring at temperatures as low as -10 deg C; both bacteria and fungi are physiologically active at subzero temperatures. Extracellular enzymes are active in soils at temperatures as low as -20 deg C; this activity is thought to occur in unfrozen water on surfaces of soil particles. Nitrogen mineralization is reported at temperatures as low as 1 deg C and is promoted by freeze-thaw cycles. jg.
Author : Orlando B. Andersland
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475722907
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book An Introduction to Frozen Ground Engineering written by Orlando B. Andersland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frozen Ground Engineering first introduces the reader to the frozen environment and the behavior of frozen soil as an engineering material. In subsequent chapters this information is used in the analysis and design of ground support systems, foundations, and embankments. These and other topics make this book suitable for use by civil engineering students in a one-semester course on frozen ground engineering at the senior or first-year-graduate level. Students are assumed to have a working knowledge of undergraduate mechanics (statics and mechanics of materials) and geotechnical engineering (usual two-course sequence). A knowledge of basic geology would be helpful but is not essential. This book will also be useful to advanced students in other disciplines and to engineers who desire an introduction to frozen ground engineering or references to selected technical publications in the field. BACKGROUND Frozen ground engineering has developed rapidly in the past several decades under the pressure of necessity. As practical problems involving frozen soils broadened in scope, the inadequacy of earlier methods for coping became increasingly apparent. The application of ground freezing to geotechnical projects throughout the world continues to grow as significant advances have been made in ground freezing technology. Freezing is a useful and versatile technique for temporary earth support, groundwater control in difficult soil or rock strata, and the formation of subsurface containment barriers suitable for use in groundwater remediation projects.
Author : Xiaofei Yu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642344658
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Material Cycling of Wetland Soils Driven by Freeze-Thaw Effects written by Xiaofei Yu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freezing and thawing of soils is a common phenomenon in the winter-cold zone. The thesis titled “Material Cycling of Wetland Soils Driven by Freeze-Thaw Effects” systematically explores the freeze-thaw effects on the accumulation and release processes of carbon and nitrogen in wetland soils, which is a good step toward the investigation of biogeochemical processes in wetlands in seasonal freeze-thaw areas. It is also developing strategies aimed at global warming effects on the accumulation and release of carbon and nitrogen in wetlands. Dr. Xiaofei Yu works at the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Author : Karen S. Henry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Chemical Aspects of Soil Freezing written by Karen S. Henry and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil water chemistry and soil particle characteristics directly and significantly influence the freezing process in soils. The rate of frost heave is influenced because chemicals modify water migration and depress the freezing point in soils. Solutes are concentrated when they are expelled from crystallizing ice, modifying adsorbed film thicknesses, depressing freezing points, creating concentration gradients, altering forces between particles or between ice particles, and modifying the chemical potential of the water. These effects often have counteracting influences on frost heave. Solute expulsion during freezing produces a 'fringe-like' freezing front in saline soils, primarily because of freezing point depression; this may also be true in 'non-saline' soils. Heave can be reduced by adding chemicals to soil to depress the freezing point to modify the soil's structure or hydraulic characteristics. The concentration of solutes in the unfrozen water of the freezing soil can possibly be used for isolating toxic wastes in soil. Ground freezing, Soils, Soil chemistry, Soil freezing. (mjm).
Author : Hans Jenny
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486681289
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (866 download)
Download or read book Factors of Soil Formation written by Hans Jenny and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masterpiece offers a detailed discussion of the nature of the earth's terrestrial environment, and a method of subdividing and studying it. 1941 edition.
Author : Xiaofei Yu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642429187
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (291 download)
Download or read book Material Cycling of Wetland Soils Driven by Freeze-Thaw Effects written by Xiaofei Yu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freezing and thawing of soils is a common phenomenon in the winter-cold zone. The thesis titled “Material Cycling of Wetland Soils Driven by Freeze-Thaw Effects” systematically explores the freeze-thaw effects on the accumulation and release processes of carbon and nitrogen in wetland soils, which is a good step toward the investigation of biogeochemical processes in wetlands in seasonal freeze-thaw areas. It is also developing strategies aimed at global warming effects on the accumulation and release of carbon and nitrogen in wetlands. Dr. Xiaofei Yu works at the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Author : Deyi Hou
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 012817983X
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater written by Deyi Hou and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater: Materials, Processes, and Assessment provides the remediation tools and techniques necessary for simultaneously saving time and money and maximizing environmental, social and economic benefits. The book integrates green materials, cleaner processes, and sustainability assessment methods for planning, designing and implementing a more effective remediation process for both soil and groundwater projects. With this book in hand, engineers will find a valuable guide to greener remediation materials that render smaller environmental footprint, cleaner processes that minimize secondary environmental impact, and sustainability assessment methods that can be used to guide the development of materials and processes. Addresses materials, processes, and assessment needs for implementing a successful sustainable remediation process Provides an integrated approach for the unitization of various green technologies, such as green materials, cleaner processes and sustainability assessment Includes case studies based on full-scale commercial soil and groundwater remediation projects
Author : I.K. Iskandar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Symposium on Physics, Chemistry, and Ecology of Seasonally Frozen Soils, Fairbanks, Alaska, June 10-12, 1997 written by I.K. Iskandar and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the world's most productive soils lie within cold regions. To enhance the productivity and quality of soil resources within these regions, knowledge must be advanced concerning the impact of freezing and thawing on soil properties and processes. The International Symposium on Physics, Chemistry, and Ecology of Seasonally Frozen Soils is a step toward broadening our knowledge of frozen soil processes. This paper emphasizes the physical nature of frozen soil and the importance of freezing and thawing to the transport of water and heat at the Earth's surface. We also discuss the chemistry and biology of the soil system as affected by freezing and thawing. Ascertaining changes in ecosystem structure and productivity in response to perturbations in climate or management depends primarily on the use of models; these models require the acquisition of new knowledge to better define linkages among the physical, chemical, and biological components in cold regions. New knowledge concerning the dynamics of the frozen soil system will allow global societies and industries to develop sustainable and environmentally safe management systems.
Author : J. van Huissteden
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030313794
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Thawing Permafrost written by J. van Huissteden and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a cross-disciplinary overview of permafrost and the carbon cycle by providing an introduction into the geographical distribution of permafrost, with a focus on the distribution of permafrost and its soil carbon reservoirs. The chapters explain the basic physical properties and processes of permafrost soils: ice, mineral and organic components, and how these interact with climate, vegetation and geomorphological processes. In particular, the book covers the role of the large quantities of ice in many permafrost soils which are crucial to understanding carbon cycle processes. An explanation is given on how permafrost becomes loaded with ice and carbon. Gas hydrates are also introduced. Structures and processes formed by the intense freeze-thaw action in the active layer are considered (e.g. ice wedging, cryoturbation), and the processes that occur as the permafrost thaws, (pond and lake formation, erosion). The book introduces soil carbon accumulation and decomposition mechanisms and how these are modified in a permafrost environment. A separate chapter deals with deep permafrost carbon, gas reservoirs and recently discovered methane emission phenomena from regions such as Northwest Siberia and the Siberian yedoma permafrost.
Author : Tianjun Zhou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642418015
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)
Download or read book Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model written by Tianjun Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coupled climate system models are of central importance for climate studies. A new model known as FGOALS ( the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model), has been developed by the Sate Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (LASG/IAP, CAS), a first-tier national geophysical laboratory. It serves as a powerful tool, both for deepening our understanding of fundamental mechanisms of the climate system and for making decadal prediction and scenario projections of future climate change. "Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model: A Modeling Tool for the Climate Change Research Community” is the first book to offer systematic evaluations of this model’s performance. It is comprehensive in scope, covering both developmental and application-oriented aspects of this climate system model. It also provides an outlook of future development of FGOALS and offers an overview of how to employ the model. It represents a valuable reference work for researchers and professionals working within the related areas of climate variability and change. Prof. Tianjun Zhou, Yongqiang Yu, Yimin Liu and Bin Wang work at LASG, the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Author : Rosa Margesin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319570579
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Psychrophiles: From Biodiversity to Biotechnology written by Rosa Margesin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold adaptation includes a complex range of structural and functional adaptations at the level of all cellular constituents, and these adaptations render cold-adapted organisms particularly useful for biotechnological applications. This book presents the most recent knowledge of (i) boundary conditions for microbial life in the cold, (ii) microbial diversity in various cold ecosystems, (iii) molecular cold adaptation mechanisms and (iv) the resulting biotechnological perspectives.
Author : Chandra Shekhar Nautiyal
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642094811
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (948 download)
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Plant and Microbe Coexistence written by Chandra Shekhar Nautiyal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Mechanisms of Plant and Microbe Coexistence presents studies on the complex and manifold interactions of plants and microbes at the population, genomics and proteomics level. The role of soil microbial diversity in enhancing plant health and plant microbe beneficial symbioses is discussed. Microbial communities are shown in the light of evolution. Main topics include genome coexistence and the functional genomics and proteomics of plant-associated microbes, which could form the basis for new environmentally benign strategies to combat infectious plant diseases and regulate plant growth. Further chapters focus on the role of signaling during the different stages of plant microbe coexistence, in symbiotic or pathogenic relationships, in quorum sensing and plant viral infections. Methods for studying the interactions in the root zone complement the book, which will certainly be of relevance in the practical application to agriculture, food security and for maintaining the balance of our ecosystems.
Author : Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351793101
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)
Download or read book Bioremediation of Agricultural Soils written by Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of agricultural soils are always under threat from chemical contaminants, which ultimately affect the productivity and safety of crops. Besides agrochemicals, a new generation of substances invades the soil through irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and pollutants of organic origin such as sewage sludge or cattle manure. Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials and microplastics are now present in agricultural soils, but the understanding of their impact on soil quality is still limited. With focus on in situ bioremediation, this book provides an exhaustive analysis of the current biological methodologies for recovering polluted agricultural soils as well as monitoring the effectiveness of bioremediation.
Author : Santi Kulprathipanja
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9783527629572
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (295 download)
Download or read book Zeolites in Industrial Separation and Catalysis written by Santi Kulprathipanja and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-26 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to offer a practical overview of zeolites and their commercial applications provides a practical examination of zeolites in three capacities. Edited by a globally recognized and acclaimed leader in the field with contributions from major industry experts, this handbook and ready reference introduces such novel separators as zeolite membranes and mixed matrix membranes. The first part of the book discusses the history and chemistry of zeolites, while the second section focuses on separation processes. The third and final section treats zeolites in the field of catalysis. The three sections are unified by an examination of how the unique properties of zeolites allow them to function in different capacities as an adsorbent, a membrane and as a catalyst, while also discussing their impact within the industry.
Author : Stuart A. Harris
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351681621
Total Pages : 766 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)
Download or read book Geocryology written by Stuart A. Harris and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a general survey of Geocryology, which is the study of frozen ground called permafrost. Frozen ground is the product of cold climates as well as a variety of environmental factors. Its major characteristic is the accumulation of large quantities of ice which may exceed 90% by volume. Soil water changing to ice results in ground heaving, while thawing of this ice produces ground subsidence often accompanied by soil flowage. Permafrost is very susceptible to changes in weather and climate as well as to changes in the microenvironment. Cold weather produces contraction of the ground, resulting in cracking of the soil as well as breakup of concrete, rock, etc. Thus permafrost regions have unique landforms and processes not found in warmer lands. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 provides an introduction to the characteristics of permafrost. Four chapters deal with its definition and characteristics, the unique processes operating there, the factors affecting it, and its general distribution. Part 2 consists of seven chapters describing the characteristic landforms unique to these areas and the processes involved in their formation. Part 3 discusses the special problems encountered by engineers in construction projects including settlements, roads and railways, the oil and gas industry, mining, and the agricultural and forest industries. The three authors represent three countries and three language groups, and together have over 120 years of experience of working in permafrost areas throughout the world. The book contains over 300 illustrations and photographs, and includes an extensive bibliography in order to introduce the interested reader to the large current literature. Finalist of the 2019 PROSE Awards.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book International Symposium on Physics, Chemistry, and Ecology of Seasonally Frozen Soils, Fairbanks, Alaska, June 10-12, 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the world's most productive soils lie within cold regions. To enhance the productivity and quality of soil resources within these regions, knowledge must be advanced concerning the impact of freezing and thawing on soil properties and processes. The International Symposium on Physics, Chemistry, and Ecology of Seasonally Frozen Soils is a step toward broadening our knowledge of frozen soil processes. This paper emphasizes the physical nature of frozen soil and the importance of freezing and thawing to the transport of water and heat at the Earth's surface. We also discuss the chemistry and biology of the soil system as affected by freezing and thawing. Ascertaining changes in ecosystem structure and productivity in response to perturbations in climate or management depends primarily on the use of models; these models require the acquisition of new knowledge to better define linkages among the physical, chemical, and biological components in cold regions. New knowledge concerning the dynamics of the frozen soil system will allow global societies and industries to develop sustainable and environmentally safe management systems.
