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Fragmentation Of Coal And Improved Dispersion Of Liquefaction Catalysts Using Ionic Liquids
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Book Synopsis Fragmentation of Coal and Improved Dispersion of Liquefaction Catalysts Using Ionic Liquids by : Ruveyda Cetiner
Download or read book Fragmentation of Coal and Improved Dispersion of Liquefaction Catalysts Using Ionic Liquids written by Ruveyda Cetiner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction by : Stacey L. Mayes
Download or read book Surface Modified Coals for Enhanced Catalyst Dispersion and Liquefaction written by Stacey L. Mayes and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalyst Dispersion and Activity Under Conditions of Temperature- Staged Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Catalyst Dispersion and Activity Under Conditions of Temperature- Staged Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general objectives of this research are (1) to investigate the use of highly dispersed catalysts for the pretreatment of coal by mild hydrogenation, (2) to identify the active forms of the catalysts under reaction conditions and (3) to clarify the mechanisms of catalysis. The ultimate objective is to ascertain if mild catalytic hydrogenation resulting in very limited or no coal solubilization is an advantageous pretreatment for the transformation of coal into transportable fuels. The experimental program will focus upon the development of effective methods of impregnating coal with catalysts, evaluating the conditions under which the catalysts are most active and establishing the relative impact of improved impregnation on conversion and product distributions obtained from coal hydrogenation. Liquefaction experiments of solvent-treated and untreated Blind Canyon (DECS-6) and Texas lignite (DECS-1) have been performed using ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) and bis (dicarbonylcyclopentadienyl) iron (CPI) as catalyst precursors using temperature-staged conditions (275°C, 30 min; 425°C, 30 min). Solid state 13C NMR analysis was carried out for each coal and for selected residues. 12 refs., 14 figs., 9 tabs.
Book Synopsis Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Volume 2, Appendices. Final Technical Report, October 1, 1991--September 30, 1994 by :
Download or read book Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Volume 2, Appendices. Final Technical Report, October 1, 1991--September 30, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquefaction experiments were undertaken using subbituminous Black Thunder mine coal to observe the effects of aqueous SO[sub 2] coal beneficiation and the introduction of various coal swelling solvents and catalyst precursors. Aqueous SO[sub 2] beneficiation of Black Thunder coal removed alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, increased the sulfur content and increased the catalytic liquefaction conversion to THF solubles compared to untreated Black Thunder coal. The liquefaction solvent had varying effects on coal conversion, depending upon the type of solvent added. The hydrogen donor solvent, dihydroanthracene, was most effective, while a coal-derived Wilsonville solvent promoted more coal conversion than did relatively inert 1-methylnaphthalene. Swelling of coal with hydrogen bonding solvents tetrahydrofuran (THF), isopropanol, and methanol, prior to reaction resulted in increased noncatalytic conversion of both untreated and SO[sub 2] treated Black Thunder coals, while dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which was absorbed more into the coal than any other swelling solvent, was detrimental to coal conversion. Swelling of SO[sub 2] treated coal before liquefaction resulted in the highest coal conversions; however, the untreated coal showed the most improvements in catalytic reactions when swelled in either THF, isopropanol, or methanol prior to liquefaction. The aprotic solvent DMSO was detrimental to coal conversion.
Book Synopsis Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques by :
Download or read book Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Volume 1, Final Technical Report, October 1, 1991--September 30, 1994 by :
Download or read book Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Volume 1, Final Technical Report, October 1, 1991--September 30, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this project was to develop a new approach for the direct liquefaction of coal to produce an all-distillate product slate at a sizable cost reduction over current technology. The approach integrated coal selection, pretreatment, coal swelling with catalyst impregnation, liquefaction, product recovery with characterization, alternate bottoms processing, and a technical assessment including an economic evaluation. Heterofunctional solvents were the most effective in swelling coals. Also solvent blends such as isopropanol/water were more effective than pure solvents alone. Impregnating slurry catalysts simultaneously during coal swelling showed that better uptake was achieved with nonswelling solvent and higher impregnation temperature. Some enhancement in initial coal conversion was seen liquefying SO2-treated Black Thunder coal with slurry catalysts, and also when hydrogen donor liquefaction solvents were used. Noncatalytic reactions showed no benefit from SO2 treatment. Coupling coal swelling and SO2 treatment with slurry catalysts was also not beneficial, although high conversion was seen with continuous operation and long residence time, however, similar high conversion was observed with untreated coal. SO2 treatment is not economically attractive unless it provides about 17% increase in coal reactivity. In most cases, the best results were obtained when the coal was untreated and the slurry catalyst was added directly into the reactor. Foster Wheeler's ASCOT process had better average liquid yields than either Wilsonville's vacuum tower/ROSE combination or delayed coking process. This liquid product also had good quality.
Book Synopsis Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 7, April 1993--June 1993 by :
Download or read book Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 7, April 1993--June 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this project is to develop a new approach for the direct liquefaction of coal to produce an all-distillate product slate at a sizable cost reduction over current technology. The approach integrates coal selection, pretreatment, coal swelling with catalyst impregnation, liquefaction, product recovery with characterization, alternate bottoms processing, and carrying out a technical assessment including an economic evaluation. The project is being carried out under contract to the United States Department of Energy. All three coals used in this study (Black Thunder, Burning Star bituminous, and Martin Lake lignite) are effectively swelled by a number of solvents. The most effective solvents are those having hetero-functionality. In addition, a synergistic effect has been demonstrated, in which solvent blends are more effective for coal swelling than the pure solvents alone. Therefore, it will be necessary to use only low levels of swelling agents and yet promote the impregnation of catalyst precursors. The rate of the impregnation of catalyst precursors into swollen coal increases greatly as the effectiveness of the solvent to swell the coal increases. This effect is also demonstrated by improved catalyst precursor impregnation with increased contact temperature. Laboratory- and bench-scale liquefaction experimentation is underway using swelled and catalyst impregnated coal samples. Higher coal conversions were observed for the SO2-treated coal than the raw coal, regardless of catalyst type. Conversions of swelled coal were highest when Molyvan-L, molybdenum naphthenate, and nickel octoate, respectively, were added to the liquefaction solvent.
Book Synopsis Catalogue des tableaux, portraits, dessins, esquisses, études by :
Download or read book Catalogue des tableaux, portraits, dessins, esquisses, études written by and published by . This book was released on 1851 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts by :
Download or read book Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis will be on iron- and molybdenum-based catalysts, but the techniques to be developed should also be generally applicable. The size of these very small and monodispersed particles will be accurately determined both separately and after in situ and ex situ coal impregnation. The as-prepared nanoparticles as well as the catalyst-impregnated coal or char matrix will be characterized using the following techniques: dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy, and selective chemisorption.
Book Synopsis Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts by :
Download or read book Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal-bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis will be on iron- and molybdenum-based catalysts, but the techniques to be developed should also be generally applicable. (VC).
Book Synopsis Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts by :
Download or read book Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of manometer size is being carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal-bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis is on molybdenum- and iron-based catalysts, but the techniques being developed should also be generally applicable. The size of these very small and monodispersed particles will be accurately determined both separately and after in situ and ex situ coal impregnation. The as-prepared nanoparticles as well as the catalyst-impregnated coal or char matrix are characterized using a battery of techniques, including dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Catalytic activity tests are conducted under standardized coal liquefaction conditions. The effect of particle size of these unsupported catalysts on the product yield and distribution during conversion of a bituminous and a subbituminous coal are being determined. In this quarter, the synthesis of molybdenum sulfide in a microemulsion system with an alcohol-to-surfactant mass ratio of 3.5 is reported.
Book Synopsis Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts by :
Download or read book Novel Nanodispersed Coal Liquefaction Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metalbearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis will be on iron- and molybdenum-based catalysts, but the techniques to be developed should also be generally applicable. The size of these very small and monodispersed particles will be accurately determined both separately and after in situ and ex situ coal impregnation. The as-prepared nanoparticles as well as the catalyst-impregnated coal or char matrix will be characterized using the following techniques: dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy, and selective chemisorption.
Book Synopsis Novel Bimetallic Dispersed Catalysts for Temperature-programmed Coal Liquefaction. Final Report by :
Download or read book Novel Bimetallic Dispersed Catalysts for Temperature-programmed Coal Liquefaction. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of new catalysts is a promising approach to more efficient coal liquefaction. It has been recognized that dispersed catalysts are superior to supported catalysts for primary liquefaction of coals, because the control of initial coal dissolution or depolymerization requires intimate contact between the catalyst and coal. This research is a fundamental and exploratory study on catalytic coal liquefaction, with the emphasis on exploring novel bimetallic dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction and the effectiveness of temperature-programmed liquefaction using dispersed catalysts. The primary objective of this research was to explore novel bimetallic dispersed catalysts from organometallic molecular precursors, that could be used in low concentrations but exhibit relatively high activity for efficient hydroliquefaction of coals under temperature-programmed conditions. We have synthesized and tested various catalyst precursors in liquefaction of subbituminous and bituminous coals and in model compound studies to examine how do the composition and structure of the catalytic precursors affect their effectiveness for coal liquefaction under different reaction conditions, and how do these factors affect their catalytic functions for hydrogenation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, for cleavage of C-C bonds in polycyclic systems such as 4-(1-naphthylmethyl)bibenzyl, for hydrogenolysis of C-O bond such as that in dinaphthylether, for hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds and other oxygen-containing compounds such as xanthene, and for hydrodesulfurization of polycyclic sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene. The novel bimetallic and monometallic precursors synthesized and tested in this project include various Mo- and Fe-based compounds.
Book Synopsis Catalyst Dispersion and Activity Under Conditions of Temperature-staged Liquefaction. Final Report by :
Download or read book Catalyst Dispersion and Activity Under Conditions of Temperature-staged Liquefaction. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research program involves the investigation of the use of highly dispersed catalyst precursors for the pretreatment of coals by mild hydrogenation. During the course of this effort solvent preswelling of the coal was evaluated as a means of deeply impregnating catalysts into coal, active phases of catalysts under reaction conditions were studied and the impact of these techniques were evaluated during pretreatment and temperature-staged liquefaction. Two coals, a Texas subbituminous and a Utah high volatile A bituminous, were used to examine the effects of solvent swelling pretreatment and catalyst impregnation on conversion behavior at 275°C, representative of the first, low-temperature stage in a temperature-staged liquefaction reaction. Ferrous sulfate, iron pentacarbonyl, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, and molybdenum hexacarbonyl were used as catalyst precursors. Without swelling pretreatment, impregnation of both coals increased conversion, mainly through increased yields of preasphaltenes.
Book Synopsis Examination of Coal Solubility and Fragmentation with Various Ionic Liquids by : Nuerxida Pulati
Download or read book Examination of Coal Solubility and Fragmentation with Various Ionic Liquids written by Nuerxida Pulati and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Traité de paix entre sa majesté impériale royale apostolique et la république française fait à Campoformio près d'Udine le 17 octobre 1797 by :
Download or read book Traité de paix entre sa majesté impériale royale apostolique et la république française fait à Campoformio près d'Udine le 17 octobre 1797 written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July--September 1992 by :
Download or read book Advanced Liquefaction Using Coal Swelling and Catalyst Dispersion Techniques. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July--September 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experimental study of coal swelling ratios have been determined with a wide variety of solvents. Only marginal levels of coal swelling were observed for the hydrocarbon solvents, but high levels were found with solvents having heteroatom functionality. Blends were superior to pure solvents. The activity of various catalyst precursors for pyrene hydrogenation and coal conversion was measured. Higher coal conversions were observed for the S02-treated coal than the raw coal, regardless of catalyst type. Coal conversions were highest for Molyvan-L, molybdenum naphthenate, and nickel octoate, respectively. Bottoms processing consists of a combination of the ASCOT process coupling solvent deasphalting with delayed coking. Initial results indicate that a blend of butane and pentane used near the critical temperature of butane is the best solvent blend for producing a yield/temperature relationship of proper sensitivity and yet retaining an asphalt phase of reasonable viscosity. The literature concerning coal swelling, both alone and in combination with coal liquefaction, and the use of dispersed or unsupported catalysts in coal liquefaction has been updated.
