Fracture Resistance of Electropolished Rotary Nickel Titanium Endodontic Instruments

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Fracture Resistance of Electropolished Rotary Nickel Titanium Endodontic Instruments by : Margot Elizabeth Anderson

Download or read book Fracture Resistance of Electropolished Rotary Nickel Titanium Endodontic Instruments written by Margot Elizabeth Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Management of Fractured Endodontic Instruments

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319606514
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Management of Fractured Endodontic Instruments by : Theodor Lambrianidis

Download or read book Management of Fractured Endodontic Instruments written by Theodor Lambrianidis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This superbly illustrated book provides detailed information on the causes of instrument failure during endodontic treatment, the factors influencing the management of such cases, and the diverse management options that may be employed to resolve the problem. Readers will find clear descriptions and comparative evaluation of the available methods, techniques, and devices. Complications that may arise during the management of fractured instruments are described, and the impact of retained file fragments on the prognosis of endodontic treatment is discussed. In addition, means of preventing iatrogenic errors from occurring in the first place (the best form of management) are explained, emphasizing that the risk of instrument failure is reduced if proper guidelines are carefully considered and followed. The book will assist both endodontists and general dental practitioners in achieving an optimal outcome when confronted with the time-consuming and challenging task of dealing with a fractured instrument within the root canal – a still frequent circumstance despite the plethora of improvements in instrument design, alloy composition, and manufacturing processes.

Endodontic Materials in Clinical Practice

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111951360X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Endodontic Materials in Clinical Practice by : Josette Camilleri

Download or read book Endodontic Materials in Clinical Practice written by Josette Camilleri and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endodontic Materials in Clinical Practice delivers a much-needed comprehensive and clinically oriented reference to the materials used in endodontic practice. It provides complete details on the properties of the materials required for specific techniques in order to help in the selection of the appropriate materials and improve patient outcomes. Comprehensive in scope and filled with helpful illustrations, the book covers endodontic materials used from the pulp to the root-end. In addition, the text considers the location and technique for each of the materials presented. Designed to be a practical and accessible reference, the book is organised by specific clinical procedure. Presents an illustrated guide to all materials used in endodontic practice Focuses on the clinical application for each material Explains why specific materials are used Includes information on how to select the correct material Considers locations and techniques in making material decisions Written for specialist endodontists and residents, dental material specialists, post-graduate students, general dentists, and dentistry students, Endodontic Materials in Clinical Practice is an essential resource for selecting the right materials for specific techniques.

Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702065129
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice E-Book by : Bun San Chong

Download or read book Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice E-Book written by Bun San Chong and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a guide to proven, current clinical endodontic practice. It is designed, primarily, with the undergraduate readership in mind but is also suitable for anyone pursuing specialist training, including extended skills in endodontics, and general dental practitioners undertaking CPD, or wishing to keep up-to-date. The seventh edition is available with an online question bank containing MCQs and Clinical Cases. - Practical approach to the subject, taking the reader through every step of endodontic practice from its scientific basis to patient assessment and through to clinical techniques - Helpful pedagogic features – including Learning Outcomes and Summary Boxes – help reinforce learning - International experts and contributors help ensure good coverage and currency of information - Explores areas of debate when they exist to reflect differing approaches to treatment intervention - Explains the potential impact of systemic conditions and disorders, as well as medications, on endodontic treatment planning and management - Discusses the diagnosis of orofacial pain and the appropriate use of antibiotics and analgesics - Explores the maintenance of pulp vitality and the prevention of apical periodontitis in the context of operative dentistry - Provides an overview of instruments and devices used during endodontic treatment - Describes the fundamental principles of canal filling using gutta-percha, as well as the use of alternative materials, and newer root filling techniques - Discusses the management of dental trauma with emphasis on accurate diagnosis, timely and appropriate treatment, and follow-up - Explores the interface between endodontic-periodontal disease in the context of diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment - Discusses common challenges such as inadequate pain control and problems with preparation and filling of the root canal system - Written at a level which is ideal for dental students, general dental practitioners and those pursuing specialist training or seeking to keep up-to-date - Comes with access to an online question bank containing a wide range of MCQs and Clinical Cases to help reinforce learning! - Richly illustrated with over 80 colour artworks – many created by the Gray's Anatomy illustration team – and 350 photographs, many of which are previously unpublished - Explores advances in our understanding of the role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular diseases and the role of host defence response against root canal infection - Explores the use of newer imaging techniques such as three-dimensional tomography in determining pulp space anatomy and in treatment planning - Explains recent advances in material technology, molecular biology and regenerative medicine in the management of deep caries and maintenance of pulp vitality - Explores the effective use of existing and newer chemomechanical preparation techniques and intracanal medication for thorough root canal system decontamination - Explores advances in the techniques available for restoring endodontically treated teeth

Nickel-Titanium Materials

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Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110666219
Total Pages : 1046 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Nickel-Titanium Materials by : Yoshiki Oshida

Download or read book Nickel-Titanium Materials written by Yoshiki Oshida and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-08-24 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nickel-Titanium alloys are smart materials exhibiting unique properties such as superelasticity and shape-memory effect. The material has been used as orthodontic wires in the dental field for over 20 years. This book is a comprehensive overview to the field of Ni-Ti Materials and the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of this versatile alloy. In addition, complications and challenges exhibited in applications are also discussed.

Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702044318
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice by : Bun San Chong

Download or read book Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice written by Bun San Chong and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-05-04 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new edition of the now classic book which has established itself as a standard text for dental students. Practical approach to the subject, taking the reader through every step of endodontic practice from scientific basis to patient assessment and through to clinical techniques Evidence-based approach to ensure safe clinical practice More than 250 illustrations, many in full colour, presenting clinical, diagnostic and practical information in an easy-to-follow manner A logical approach to the subject by building upon a clear explanation of the underlying scientific principles Prepared by international contributors to ensure a wider appeal Written at a level which is ideal for dental student, general and vocational dental practitioners Includes new imaging techniques such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography A new chapter on diagnosis, integral to treatment planning, patient management and care Recent research findings on the pathogenesis of endodontic disease and the management of persistent infection in previously treated teeth A completely rewritten chapter on the restoration of endodontically treated teeth Newer treatment modalities and materials such as regenerative techniques and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in endodontics The use and development of NiTi instruments, both hand and rotary, which are increasingly popular for preparing root canals Published for the first time in full colour with over 185 new images!

Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp - E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 032367304X
Total Pages : 1092 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp - E-Book by : Louis H. Berman

Download or read book Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp - E-Book written by Louis H. Berman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 with "Essential Purchase" designation in Dentistry** Stay up on the latest research and techniques in endodontics with Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp, 12th Edition. Written by a team of internationally renowned experts and trusted for more than 40 years, this definitive guide covers the science, theory, and practice of endodontics. Full color illustrations and detailed radiographs guide readers through each step of endodontic care — from diagnosis and treatment planning to proven techniques for managing pulpal and periapical diseases. This new twelfth edition also boasts the very latest evidence-based research and techniques, reorganized and condensed chapters, plus other features designed to help you locate important information quickly and easily. Complete with access to Expert Consult, it's everything you need to stay ahead in the field of endodontics. - Extensive illustration collection includes over 2,000 full-color photos, line art, and radiographs to clearly demonstrate core concepts and reinforce the essential principles and techniques of endodontics. - Video clips and case studies demonstrate key procedures such as palpation of the masseter muscle, introsseous anesthesia with the X-tip system, dentin hypersensitivity, and more. - Diverse and respected contributor pool includes experts from many national- and international-based dental education programs. - NEW! Updated content and new images incorporate the most recent developments in research and clinical endodontic techniques. - NEW! Additional topics cover pulp biology, pathobiology, diagnosis, treatment planning, pain control, isolation, access, cleaning and shaping, obturation, restoration, assessment of outcomes, emergencies and surgery. Each online topic comes with assigned reading lists, a PowerPoint lecture, written lesson objectives, and example exam questions. - NEW! Compliance with the Commission on Dental Accreditation Curriculum ensures that the needs of all dental programs are met. - NEW! Reorganized sections now divide chapters by those covering clinical endodontics, those covering the biological basis of endodontics, and chapters which detail endodontics in private practice to make content easier for both clinicians and students to navigate. - NEW! Condensed chapters remove unnecessary duplication of content across the text and make the physical text lighter and easier to use.

Shaping for Cleaning the Root Canals

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030846172
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Shaping for Cleaning the Root Canals by : Gustavo De Deus

Download or read book Shaping for Cleaning the Root Canals written by Gustavo De Deus and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides clinicians with up-to-date, scientifically based guidance on the most important stages of endodontic treatment, i.e., cleaning and shaping of the root canal space, including mechanical preparation and chemical disinfection. Five internationally recognized experts present and discuss recent developments and new perspectives in the field. Important advances in root canal preparation and irrigation procedures are described with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. A key feature of the book is the detailed attention devoted to the latest research findings and to their impact on contemporary evidence-based clinical guidelines and modern clinical practice. On this basis, simple treatment protocols are proposed that take the anatomy of the root canals fully into account. In addition, emerging problems and trends are considered. The book will be an excellent resource for clinicians and advanced practitioners who are seeking to update their practice.

Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323096352
Total Pages : 1143 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult by : Louis H. Berman, DDS, FACD

Download or read book Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult written by Louis H. Berman, DDS, FACD and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-10-02 with total page 1143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Find the latest evidence-based research and clinical treatments! Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp, 11th Edition covers the science, theory, and practice of endondontics with chapters written by internationally renowned experts. Full-color illustrations and detailed radiographs guide you through each step of endodontic care - from diagnosis and treatment planning to proven techniques for managing pulpal and periapical diseases. New to the print edition are seven new chapters, and the eBook version adds three more. As an Expert Consult title, Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp lets you search the entire contents of the book on your desktop or mobile device, and includes videos, case studies, and more. Edited by noted specialists Kenneth Hargreaves and Louis Berman, this book is the definitive resource in endodontics! Print version of the text includes 27 comprehensive chapters and meets the CODA requirements for endodontic dental education. EBook version of the text consists of 30 searchable chapters, including the 27 chapters in the print version, and features videos, PowerPoint® slides, review questions, case studies, and more; this expanded version makes it easy to find clinical answers quickly, and meets the needs of students, clinicians, and residents in endodontics. Videos and animations demonstrate key procedures such as palpation of the masseter muscle, introsseous anesthesia with the X-tipT system, dentin hypersensitivity, indirect ultrasound, palpation of the temporomandibular joint, and ultrasonic settling. Over 2,000 illustrations include full-color photos and line art, along with a wide range of radiographs, clearly demonstrating core concepts and reinforcing the essential principles and techniques of endodontics. NEW co-editor Dr. Louis H. Berman joins lead editor Dr. Kenneth M. Hargreaves for this edition, and a respected team of contributors includes experts from many U.S.-based dental education programs, as well as programs in Canada, the U.K., Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. NEW chapter organization reflects the chronology of endodontic treatment with three comprehensive sections: Clinical Endodontics, focusing on core clinical concepts, and Biological Basis of Endodontics and Endodontics in Clinical Practice, both with information that advanced students, endodontic residents, and clinicians need to know. NEW! Three chapters are available in the eBook: Understanding and Managing the Anxious Patient, Endodontic Records and Legal Responsibilities, and Endodontic Practice Management. NEW Radiographic Interpretation chapter clarifies the diagnostic process with coverage of imaging modalities, diagnostic tasks, three-dimensional imaging, cone beam computed tomography, intra- or post-operative assessment of endodontic treatment complications, and more. NEW Pain Control chapter addresses the management of acute endodontic pain with coverage of local anesthesia for restorative dentistry and endodontics, along with nonnarcotic analgesics and therapeutic recommendations. NEW Evaluation of Outcomes chapter helps you achieve optimal treatment outcomes with information on topics such as the reasons for evaluating outcomes, outcome measurements for endodontic treatment, and the outcomes of vital pulp therapy procedures, non-surgical root canal treatment, non-surgical retreatment, and surgical retreatment. NEW Root Resorption chapter covers the early detection, diagnosis, and histological features of root resorption, as well as external inflammatory resorption, external cervical resorption, and internal resorption. NEW Iatrogenic Endodontics chapter addresses failed treatment scenarios with key information on the event itself, the etiology, soft and hard tissue implications and symptoms, and treatment options and prognosis; the events include cervico-facial subcutaneous emphysema, sodium hypochlorite accidents, perforations (non-surgical), inferior alveolar nerve injury, surgical, sinus perforation, instrument separation, apical extrusion of obturation materials, and ledge formation. NEW Vital Pulp Therapy chapter provides an overview of new treatment concepts for the preservation of the pulpally involved permanent tooth, covering topics such as the living pulp, pulpal response to caries, procedures for generating reparative dentin, indications and materials for vital pulp therapy, MTA applications, and treatment recommendations. NEW Bleaching chapter addresses procedures that can be utilized during and following endodontic treatment to eliminate or reduce any discoloration issues, reviewing internal and external bleaching procedures and their impact on pulpal health/endodontic treatment - with presentations of cases and clinical protocols.

Evaluation of an Ultrasonic Technique to Remove Fractured Rotary Nickel-titanium Endodontic Instruments from Root Canals

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of an Ultrasonic Technique to Remove Fractured Rotary Nickel-titanium Endodontic Instruments from Root Canals by : Jeff R. Ward

Download or read book Evaluation of an Ultrasonic Technique to Remove Fractured Rotary Nickel-titanium Endodontic Instruments from Root Canals written by Jeff R. Ward and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult - E-Book

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 032318586X
Total Pages : 1143 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult - E-Book by : Louis H. Berman

Download or read book Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult - E-Book written by Louis H. Berman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 1143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive endodontics reference, Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp is known for its comprehensive coverage of leading-edge information, materials, and techniques. It examines all aspects of endodontic care, from preparing the clinician and patient for endodontic treatment to the role the endodontist can play in the treatment of traumatic injuries and to the procedures used in the treatment of pediatric and older patients. Not only does Hargreaves and Cohen's 10th edition add five chapters on hot new topics, it also includes online access! As an Expert Consult title, Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp lets you search the entire contents of the book on your computer, and includes five online chapters not available in the printed text, plus videos, a searchable image collection, and more. For evidence-based endodontics research and treatment, this is your one-stop resource!

Advances in Biomedical and Biomimetic Materials

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470538341
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Biomedical and Biomimetic Materials by : Roger Narayan

Download or read book Advances in Biomedical and Biomimetic Materials written by Roger Narayan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-19 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of articles from the Advances in Biomedical and Biomimetic Materials symposium give insight into advances in biomedical and biomimetic materials. These selected articles cover such topics as scaffolds for tissue engineering, bioceramics, biomimetic materials, nanoparticles for medical diagnosis and treatment, and novel materials for drug delivery and biosensing.

Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119553881
Total Pages : 836 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines by : Hany M. A. Ahmed

Download or read book Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines written by Hany M. A. Ahmed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores recent research and innovations in the field of endodontics and provides evidence-based guidelines for contemporary dental practice Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of recent research findings and their impact on clinical practice. Using an innovative approach to the field, the book enables readers to translate the current body of knowledge on endodontic diseases and treatment into guidelines for enhancing patient care. Divided into four parts, the book first addresses new research findings and advances in technology, techniques, materials, and clinical management. In addition, it provides revised clinical guidelines for a variety of areas within the specialty, such as endodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, management of endodontic emergencies, regenerative endodontic procedures, three-dimensional imaging, and the use of systemic antibiotics. Each chapter contains numerous high-quality illustrations and clinical cases highlighting current research directions, key concepts, and new trends in clinical techniques and education. Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines: Presents the latest understanding of current literature, evidence, and clinical practice Examines new trends, treatments, and advanced diagnostic techniques in the field Covers a wide range of topics, including management of root canals, repair of perforation defects, removal of root filling materials, and alternatives to root canal treatment Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate dental students, general dental practitioners, endodontic specialists, researchers in the field of endodontics, and clinicians, researchers, and educators in other fields of dentistry.

An Investigation of Phase Transformation Mechanisms for Nickel-titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis An Investigation of Phase Transformation Mechanisms for Nickel-titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments by : Satish B. Alapati

Download or read book An Investigation of Phase Transformation Mechanisms for Nickel-titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments written by Satish B. Alapati and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Nickel-titanium rotary instruments based upon the intermetallic compound NiTi have gained considerable popularity among endodontists because the very low elastic modulus of NiTi enables these instruments to readily negotiate curved root canals during endodontic therapy with a slow-speed handpiece. However, concern about in vivo separation (fracture) of nickel-titanium instruments during treatment is still a major challenge confronting every manufacturer and endodontist, since this often happens without prior warning signs from permanent deformation. NiTi exists in two major microstructural phases: austenite, and martensite. Transformations between these NiTi phases occur rapidly by twinning on the atomic level and are reversible for stresses below the onset of permanent deformation. An intermediate R-phase is also sometimes observed for the transformation between austenite and martensite. The nickel-titanium rotary instruments are intentionally manufactured in the superelastic condition having the fully austenitic structure, which provides the capability of accommodating extensive elastic strain without fracture under clinical conditions associated with conventional root canal therapy. The overall objective of this study was to gain new insight into the microstructural phases in commercial NiTi rotary instruments and their transformations, which would be of scientific importance for development of new instruments with improved clinical performance. The phases present were identified by Micro-XRD (micro-x-ray diffraction) and TMDSC (temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry), using clinically popular ProFile GT and ProTaper nickel-titanium rotary instruments, which have two different cross-sectional designs. Instruments were analyzed in the as-received condition, after clinical use, and following elevated-temperature heat treatments. The first null hypothesis was that microstructural phases and phase transformations do not have an impact on clinical performance and instrument failure. The second null hypothesis was that appropriate heat treatments previously used for orthodontic wires would not result in beneficial changes in microstructural phases that may significantly affect the clinical life of these instruments. Based upon the present research and complimentary previous studies by this investigator, both null hypotheses were rejected. Information obtained from this research should aid future development of improved instruments with reduced likelihood of failure during clinical use.

Journal of the California Dental Association

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1002 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Journal of the California Dental Association by :

Download or read book Journal of the California Dental Association written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

C D A Journal

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis C D A Journal by : California Dental Association

Download or read book C D A Journal written by California Dental Association and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Influence of Surface Coatings and Surface-active Liquid Lubrication on Cyclic Fatigue of Nickel-titanium Rotary Endodontic Files in an Artificial Canal℗

Download Influence of Surface Coatings and Surface-active Liquid Lubrication on Cyclic Fatigue of Nickel-titanium Rotary Endodontic Files in an Artificial Canal℗ PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis Influence of Surface Coatings and Surface-active Liquid Lubrication on Cyclic Fatigue of Nickel-titanium Rotary Endodontic Files in an Artificial Canal℗ by : Yousef Abdulhadi Alnowailaty

Download or read book Influence of Surface Coatings and Surface-active Liquid Lubrication on Cyclic Fatigue of Nickel-titanium Rotary Endodontic Files in an Artificial Canal℗ written by Yousef Abdulhadi Alnowailaty and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The late 1980's witnessed the introduction of superelastic Nickel-Titanium (NiTi)alloy as an endodontic file. NiTi showed superior performance in root canal treatment compared to the conventional Stainless Steel files. After a few years of the use of rotary NiTi files, a greater tendency of fracture was noticed compared to Stainless Steel files, occurring unexpectedly and without previous permanent deformation. Recent research used electro-polished, smooth, triangular-shaped EndoSequence files in smooth glass surrogates of curved tooth-root canals, demonstrating extended times to file fracture during rotational bending at 300 rpm when the files were pre-coated with low-Critical Surface Tension (CST) silanes or lubricated in low-surface-tension surfactant solutions. A common feature was NiTi file fracture at a Surface Strain Amplitude of 3-4%, indicating that reduction of surface friction was by delay of surface crack opening. Earlier failure in NaOCl (bleach) lubricant was noted.^That prior work tested files held at stepped, static locations in curved glass tubes. The aim of this follow-up research was to further evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of rough-surfaced, triple-U-shaped Protaper® endodontic files, operated in more clinically relevant up/down filing motion, when their surface character also was modified through coating the files with two types of silanes, as "dry" lubricants. The first coating was Octadecylsilane (ODS) and the second was (3-Hepta-fluoroisopropoxy)propylsilane (3-HEPT). The cyclic fatigue of untreated control files and surface-modified files was tested dry and with five different irrigation solutions, some of which are commonly used in endodontic treatment. The irrigants used were distilled water, 5% sodium hypochlorite NaOCl, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Surface Active Displacement Solution (SADS; an emulsion of water, butanol, and a surfactant), and Delmopinol (an aqueous solution of an aminoalcohol surfactant).^Bent glass tubes simulated curved root canals, in which an AEU-20 Endodontic System ITR motor rotated files at 300 RPM and high torque. More than 300 samples were tested in this research. After testing, the files were viewed under the scanning electron microscope to evaluate the fractured area, and it was shown that all the tested files showed signs of abrasion on the edges of the fractured areas. Analysis of Variance (one way ANOVA) and Multivariate Tests were the main statistical methods to compare the number of cycles to fatigue fracture (NCF). NCF of the coated files was significantly higher than for files tested as received F (2,321)=6. 887, P=0. 001. When sodium hypochlorite was used as an irrigant, the files demonstrated the shortest fatigue life in the 45o bent glass tube due to high friction and corrosion of the nickel when the applied stresses were above the critical stress for martensite transformation.^When low-surface-tension irrigants (SADS and Delmopinol) were used, the files demonstrated the longest fatigue life in the 45 o bent glass tube due to better lubrication and friction reduction. It was confirmed that NiTi file failure occurs at mean surface strain values of 3-4%, irrespective of surface finish or degree of file curvature. Number of cycles to failure is significantly increased in the presence of surface-energy-reducing substances, both as coatings and as lubricants, separately or in combination. Failure is accelerated by corrosive attack of NaOCl (bleach) during rotational bending producing tensile-compressive transitions from the austenitic to martensitic atomic structures. Even in this latter case, reduction of crack-opening surface friction is the proposed beneficial mechanism.