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Four Essays On The Economics Of Education And Inequality
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Book Synopsis Four Essays on the Economics of Education and Inequality by : Markus Zimmermann
Download or read book Four Essays on the Economics of Education and Inequality written by Markus Zimmermann and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Four Essays on the Economics of Education by : Melissa A. Clark
Download or read book Four Essays on the Economics of Education written by Melissa A. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Four Essays on Economics of Education by : Lisa Leschnig
Download or read book Four Essays on Economics of Education written by Lisa Leschnig and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Four essays on education, growth and labour economics by : Miguel Angelo Portela
Download or read book Four essays on education, growth and labour economics written by Miguel Angelo Portela and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Four Essays in the Economics of Education and the Family by : Arnaud Chevalier
Download or read book Four Essays in the Economics of Education and the Family written by Arnaud Chevalier and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Four Essays in Economics of Education by : Mirjam Strupler Leiser
Download or read book Four Essays in Economics of Education written by Mirjam Strupler Leiser and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Inequality and the Economics of Education by : Mayuri Chaturvedi
Download or read book Essays on Inequality and the Economics of Education written by Mayuri Chaturvedi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation discusses some of the causes and consequences of inequality, vertical and horizontal, some theoretically and others empirically. In doing so, I try to touch upon old and new themes in the economics literature, as old as rent seeking and as new as the effect of cultural norms.The first essay reflects on the inequality of opportunity as manifest in the quality of education available to families in India. The paper explores the relative roles of the quality of schools and household attributes on a household's choice of school in India. I find that income is the most important predictor of a household's choice of school, with a doubling of per capita income increasing the likelihood of choosing a private school over a public school by 10 percentage points. Public schools can rarely compete with private schools even with comparable infrastructure and free school supplies. As incomes rise (India's GDP has nearly doubled in the last 10 years), it is reasonable to expect that there will be de facto higher demand for private schooling and not public.The second essay is a theoretical examination of inequality-generating rent seeking and the feedback mechanism between the two. In this paper, I model rent seeking in an unequal endowment economy to analyze the conditions under which more inequality leads to more rent seeking. I find that, when rent-seeking costs are fixed, a more unequal economy fosters a greater proportion of rentiers. When rent-seeking costs are flexible, the proportion of rentiers shrinks with more inequality. However, both the quantity of rents per person and the resources wasted in pursuing rent-seeking activities increase.In the third essay, I link the education choices of women to gender-specific norms of marriage. Hypergamy (the practice of women "marrying up" by caste, age, education or any indicator of economic well-being) implies that too much education could lower women's prospects of finding a suitable spouse. To understand its impact on pre-marital investments in education, this project studies women's choice of educational attainment as a function of men's. To do so, I examine the impact of an exogenous change in the schooling level of men on the schooling level of women in the United States in the last 50 years. The source of variation is the change in US' immigration policy in 1965, which has been documented to have considerably altered the demography and skill pool in the US since 1965. I find evidence of a positive relationship between men and women's education outcomes. This is a result suggestive of hypergamy and its dragging effect on women's education. The result is robust to the use of another control group: immigrant women in the US.
Book Synopsis Two Essays on the Economics of Education and Inequality by : Justin Coger
Download or read book Two Essays on the Economics of Education and Inequality written by Justin Coger and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the first essay, I estimate the effects of high school advanced mathematics credits and mathematics SAT scores on the percentile rank of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) respondents on the income distribution of their age peers and the income of the NLSY97 adults by quantile in 2019. I utilize data on high school advanced mathematics credits, SAT mathematics scores, and income from the NLSY97. This essay contributes to the literature on the economic returns to high school mathematics coursework. Previous work has not examined the effects of advanced math credits and SAT math scores on the two outcomes that I examine. I find significant positive effects of advanced math credits on income percentile rank and income by quantile. I also find statistically significant effects of three different measures of exposure to STEM reform on the two labor market outcomes. The results have implications for educators and policy makers hoping to emphasize the importance of developing quantitative skills in preparation for the labor market.
Book Synopsis Essays on Education Investment, Income Inequality, and Economic Growth by : Tin-Chun Lin
Download or read book Essays on Education Investment, Income Inequality, and Economic Growth written by Tin-Chun Lin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to learn the relationship among education, productivity, income distribution, and economic growth, as well as to link the structure of the educational system to the economic and social character of the society. Essay 1 examines the equilibrium levels of public and private education in a model where public and private education can exist at the same time. There is no possibility for collapse of the public education system; however, the private education system will collapse in the long run if human capital grows faster in the public education sector than in the private education sector. Income inequality declines over time, and a heterogeneous economy becomes a homogeneous society in the long run. As long as income convergence exists in an economy, a balance growth path exists in the long run. Essay 2 investigates the effects of investment in education and the role of technical progress on economic growth in Taiwan in 1964 - 2000. Education provides a positive and significant effect on output growth in Taiwan, but the role of technical progress does not appear to be extraordinarily important.
Book Synopsis Empirical Essays on the Economics of Inequality, Education and Health by : Bui Thi Kim Thanh
Download or read book Empirical Essays on the Economics of Inequality, Education and Health written by Bui Thi Kim Thanh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Inequality and Education by : Erika Ekström
Download or read book Essays on Inequality and Education written by Erika Ekström and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inequality in Education by : Donald B. Holsinger
Download or read book Inequality in Education written by Donald B. Holsinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-29 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality in Education: Comparative and International Perspectives is a compilation of conceptual chapters and national case studies that includes a series of methods for measuring education inequalities. The book provides up-to-date scholarly research on global trends in the distribution of formal schooling in national populations. It also offers a strategic comparative and international education policy statement on recent shifts in education inequality, and new approaches to explore, develop and improve comparative education and policy research globally. Contributing authors examine how education as a process interacts with government finance policy to form patterns of access to education services. In addition to case perspectives from 18 countries across six geographic regions, the volume includes six conceptual chapters on topics that influence education inequality, such as gender, disability, language and economics, and a summary chapter that presents new evidence on the pernicious consequences of inequality in the distribution of education. The book offers (1) a better and more holistic understanding of ways to measure education inequalities; and (2) strategies for facing the challenge of inequality in education in the processes of policy formation, planning and implementation at the local, regional, national and global levels.
Book Synopsis Empirical Essays in the Economics of Education by : Sarah Rosen Frank
Download or read book Empirical Essays in the Economics of Education written by Sarah Rosen Frank and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines low-income college attendance and financial aid. The first chapter is an overview of the field and reviews relevant literature. The second chapter examines the growing income gradient in education. Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, I observe an income gradient in academic achievement in 8th grade, and demonstrate that it grows over the course of the students' education. This paper sheds light on this phenomenon by examining five critical steps on the way to a degree (middle school achievement, academic preparation in high school, applying to college, enrolling in a four-year college, and graduating) and the junctions between them. For each junction, I decompose the overall income difference in the probability of success and find poor students are disadvantaged in three ways: they start off behind; when they successfully complete a step, they are less likely to proceed to the next step; and missing a step hurts their future chances more than it hurts those of higher-income students. I find the last factor explains a surprisingly large amount of the income gradient. Wealthy students do, in fact, falter on their way to college but they are more likely to graduate from college anyway. Another key result is, conditional on being academically prepared and applying to college, students across the income distribution enroll in four-year colleges at essentially the same rate. Thus, while income plays a large role in college enrollment, it is due almost entirely to differences in academic qualifications and application behavior. This suggests policies attempting to increase low-income college enrollment should focus earlier. The third chapter examines early commitment financial aid programs, a relatively new category of financial aid that typically enrolls low-income students while still in middle school, guaranteeing them financial assistance for college in exchange for fulfilling certain requirements. By removing uncertainty about college affordability for young students, these programs aim to increase high school preparation and ultimately college attendance. In this chapter, I examine the impact of Indiana's Twenty-first Century Scholars Program, the first public state-wide early commitment program, on high school retention, college enrollment, and Pell Grant receipt. Using a unique dataset with information from the State Student Assistance Commission of Indiana and the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Postsecondary Education, I find positive effects of the early commitment program on all three outcomes. A 10 percentage point increase in program enrollment can be expected to increase high school retention by 2.1 to 2.7 percentage points and Pell Grant receipt by 0.9 to 3.0 percentage points. I find that the program also increased four-year college enrollment by 2.2 to 2.4 percentage points. The results suggest that most scholarships are awarded to students who would not have attended college in the absence of the program. Moreover, the program's effects on college enrollment are considerably larger than the expected effects of grant aid alone. These results suggest that the incentive structure of early commitment programs can increase educational attainment among lower-income students.
Book Synopsis Essays on the Economics of Education by : Emily P. Hoffman
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Emily P. Hoffman and published by W. E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 1993 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on the Economics of Education by : Sally Lindquist Hudson
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Sally Lindquist Hudson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation combines three essays on the economics of education. The essays share a common focus on comparing experimental and non-experimental econometric methods. I present findings from randomized evaluations of two prominent education interventions for low-income students. In the spirit of LaLonde's (1986) pioneering re-analysis of experimental evidence on federal job training programs, I leverage the experimental data to assess nonexperimental methods for evaluating program impacts. The first chapter - written jointly with Joshua Angrist, David Autor, and Amanda Pallais - reports early results from a randomized evaluation of the Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation (STBF) scholarship, a large, privately-funded financial aid program for applicants to Nebraska's public colleges. Randomly-assigned scholarship offers boosted average grants received by $6,300 per year and dramatically improved enrollment and retention, especially for groups with historically-low persistence rates. Four years after award receipt, nonwhite students and first-generation college goers were nearly 20 percentage points more likely to be enrolled in college. Awards generated similarly large gains for students with the weakest high school GPAs in the eligible applicant pool. Over time, scholarships shifted many students from two- to four-year colleges, reducing associate's degree completion in the process. The economic returns to scholarship support will therefore likely hinge on whether award winners convert their extended enrollment into bachelor's degrees. The oldest study cohort will record its four-year graduation rate in the summer of 2016, but many students will likely take five or more years to finish. A complete picture of award impacts on degree receipt may therefore still be several years away. In the second chapter, I assess how selection bias distorts non-experimental estimates of STBF scholarship impacts. I show that observed gaps in retention rates between scholarship winners and rejected applicants overstate the causal effect of scholarships on dropout by nearly double. Controlling for high school GPA and Expected Family Contribution (EFC) - two widely-used criteria for awarding merit aid - explains roughly half the gap between the experimental benchmarks and observed enrollment rates. Conditional on GPA and EFC, however, additional demographic traits like race, gender, and parental education have little explanatory power. Thus, scholarship winners are positively selected on potential enrollment in the absence of treatment, and a variety of observational estimation strategies overstate the causal impacts of scholarships on enrollment and retention. Among the replication strategies, Kline's (2011) Oaxaca-Blinder procedure outperforms both discrete covariate matching and propensity score weighting on bias and precision. Because STBF award effects are larger for students who are less likely to win scholarships, linear regression estimates are even bigger than the biased estimates of treatment on treated (TOT) effects. In the final chapter, I use experimental estimates of Teach for America's (TFA) impacts on student achievement to validate a non-experimental strategy for measuring the long-run effects of hiring TFA teachers. Randomized evaluations show that TFA teachers outperform colleagues in boosting achievement at hard-to-staff schools. Despite this cross-sectional evidence, TFA's long-run effects remain unknown, a key concern for policymakers. High turnover among TFA recruits - who commit to serve for just two years - may undercut the long-run returns to hiring non-TFA teachers, who improve steeply with experience. To assess this potential tradeoff, I measure the short- and long-run effects of TFA hiring in North Carolina, where schools have employed TFA teachers since the program's founding in 1990. I identify TFA hiring effects by exploiting quasi-random variation in teacher hiring shocks across grades within schools. In the short run, TFA rookies increase math scores markedly relative to the non-TFA teachers schools might otherwise hire; TFA's initial advantage in reading is modest. When schools replace exiting TFA teachers with new TFA recruits, these gains more than offset the costs of lost experience, increasing long-run achievement. On the other hand, when TFA supply fluctuates, schools may have to replace exiting TFA teachers with inexperienced and lower-performing non-TFA hires. On net, short run achievement gains from one-shot TFA hiring still exceed the costs. JEL Classification: C93, I22, J63.
Book Synopsis Essays on Education Investment, Income Inequality, and Economic Growth by : Tin-Chun Lin
Download or read book Essays on Education Investment, Income Inequality, and Economic Growth written by Tin-Chun Lin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Economics of Education by : Sabine Zander
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education written by Sabine Zander and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my third paper, using school-fixed effects regression models, I investigate socioeconomic status gaps in students' cognitive achievement in grade nine within different school types in Germany. I also explore the association between socioeconomic background and attainment of the intermediate secondary certificate and transition to upper secondary education in multi-track schools. My results provide suggestive evidence that socioeconomic status gaps in cognitive achievement exist within all school types. I also find that more privileged students are significantly more likely to earn an intermediate certificate or transition into upper secondary education. The decomposition of primary and secondary effects reveals that secondary effects are stronger at this transition in the German school system.