Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Four Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Applications In Cardiology
Download Four Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Applications In Cardiology full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Four Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Applications In Cardiology ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Applications in Cardiology by : Julio Garcia
Download or read book Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Applications in Cardiology written by Julio Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blood flow through the heart and great vessels moves in three dimensions (3D) throughout time. However, the assessment of its 3D nature has been limited in the human body. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow for the comprehensive visualization and quantification of in-vivo flow dynamics using four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI. In addition, this technique provides the opportunity to obtain advanced hemodynamic biomarkers such as vorticity, helicity, wall shear stress (WSS), pressure gradients, viscous energy loss (EL), and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). This chapter will introduce 4D flow MRI which is currently used for blood flow visualization and advanced quantification of cardiac hemodynamic biomarkers. We will discuss its advantages relative to other in-vivo flow imaging techniques and describe its potential clinical applications in cardiology.
Book Synopsis Towards Personalized Models of the Cardiovascular System Using 4D Flow MRI by : Belén Casas Garcia
Download or read book Towards Personalized Models of the Cardiovascular System Using 4D Flow MRI written by Belén Casas Garcia and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current diagnostic tools for assessing cardiovascular disease mostly focus on measuring a given biomarker at a specific spatial location where an abnormality is suspected. However, as a result of the dynamic and complex nature of the cardiovascular system, the analysis of isolated biomarkers is generally not sufficient to characterize the pathological mechanisms behind a disease. Model-based approaches that integrate the mechanisms through which different components interact, and present possibilities for system-level analyses, give us a better picture of a patient’s overall health status. One of the main goals of cardiovascular modelling is the development of personalized models based on clinical measurements. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in medical imaging and the use of personalized models is slowly becoming a reality. Modern imaging techniques can provide an unprecedented amount of anatomical and functional information about the heart and vessels. In this context, three-dimensional, three-directional, cine phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), commonly referred to as 4D Flow MRI, arises as a powerful tool for creating personalized models. 4D Flow MRI enables the measurement of time-resolved velocity information with volumetric coverage. Besides providing a rich dataset within a single acquisition, the technique permits retrospective analysis of the data at any location within the acquired volume. This thesis focuses on improving subject-specific assessment of cardiovascular function through model-based analysis of 4D Flow MRI data. By using computational models, we aimed to provide mechanistic explanations of the underlying physiological processes, derive novel or improved hemodynamic markers, and estimate quantities that typically require invasive measurements. Paper I presents an evaluation of current markers of stenosis severity using advanced models to simulate flow through a stenosis. Paper II presents a framework to personalize a reduced-order, mechanistic model of the cardiovascular system using exclusively non-invasive measurements, including 4D Flow MRI data. The modelling approach can unravel a number of clinically relevant parameters from the input data, including those representing the contraction and relaxation patterns of the left ventricle, and provide estimations of the pressure-volume loop. In Paper III, this framework is applied to study cardiovascular function at rest and during stress conditions, and the capability of the model to infer load-independent measures of heart function based on the imaging data is demonstrated. Paper IV focuses on evaluating the reliability of the model parameters as a step towards translation of the model to the clinic.
Author :Mariana Bustamante Publisher :Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN 13 :9176853462 Total Pages :77 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (768 download)
Book Synopsis Automated Assessment of Blood Flow in the Cardiovascular System Using 4D Flow MRI by : Mariana Bustamante
Download or read book Automated Assessment of Blood Flow in the Cardiovascular System Using 4D Flow MRI written by Mariana Bustamante and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical image analysis focuses on the extraction of meaningful information from medical images in order to facilitate clinical assessment, diagnostics and treatment. Image processing techniques have gradually become an essential part of the modern health care system, a consequence of the continuous technological improvements and the availability of a variety of medical imaging techniques. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique that stands out as non-invasive, highly versatile, and capable of generating high quality images without the use of ionizing radiation. MRI is frequently performed in the clinical setting to assess the morphology and function of the heart and vessels. When focusing on the cardiovascular system, blood flow visualization and quantification is essential in order to fully understand and identify related pathologies. Among the variety of MR techniques available for cardiac imaging, 4D Flow MRI allows for full three-dimensional spatial coverage over time, also including three-directional velocity information. It is a very powerful technique that can be used for retrospective analysis of blood flow dynamics at any location in the acquired volume. In the clinical routine, however, flow analysis is typically done using two-dimensional imaging methods. This can be explained by their shorter acquisition times, higher in-plane spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, and their relatively simpler post-processing requirements when compared to 4D Flow MRI. The extraction of useful knowledge from 4D Flow MR data is especially challenging due to the large amount of information included in these images, and typically requires substantial user interaction. This thesis aims to develop and evaluate techniques that facilitate the post-processing of thoracic 4D Flow MRI by automating the steps necessary to obtain hemodynamic parameters of interest from the data. The proposed methods require little to no user interaction, are fairly quick, make effective use of the information available in the four-dimensional images, and can easily be applied to sizable groups of data.The addition of the proposed techniques to the current pipeline of 4D Flow MRI analysis simplifies and expedites the assessment of these images, thus bringing them closer to the clinical routine. Medicinsk bildanalys fokuserar på extrahering av meningsfull information från medicinska bilder för att underlätta klinisk bedömning, diagnostik, och behandling. Bildbehandlingsteknik har gradvis blivit en viktig del av det moderna sjukvårdsystemet, en följd av de kontinuerliga tekniska förbättringarna och tillgången till en mängd olika medicinska bildtekniker. Magnetic resonanstomografi (MRT) är en bildteknik som är ickeinvasiv, flexibel och kan generera bilder av hög kvalitet utan joniserande strålning. MRT utförs ofta i klinisk miljö för att bedöma anatomi och funktion av hjärtat och blodkärlen. När man fokuserar på hjärt-kärlsystemet är bedömning av blodflödet viktigt för att kunna förstå och identifiera sjukdomar fullt ut. Bland de olika MRT-teknikerna som är tillgängliga för avbildning av hjärtat möjliggör 4D flödes-MRT komplett täckning av hjärtat i tre dimensioner över tid, och med hastighetsinformation i tre riktningar. 4D flödes-MRT är en mycket effektiv metod som kan användas för retrospektiv analys av blodflödesdynamik på vilken position som helst i den avbildade volymen. Till vardags görs dock blodflödesanalysen vanligtvis på bilder tagna med tvådimensionella avbildningsmetoder. Detta kan förklaras av deras kortare insamlingstider, högre spatiella upplösning, bättre signal-brusförhållandet, och att de är relativt enklare att efterbehandla jämfört med 4D flödes-MRT. Utvinningen av användbar information från 4D flödes-MRT-data är väldigt utmanande på grund av den stora mängden information som dessa bilder innehåller och kräver vanligtvis väsentlig användarinteraktion. Denna avhandling syftar till att utveckla och utvärdera metoder som underlättar efterbehandlingen av 4D flödes-MRT genom att automatisera de steg som är nödvändiga för att härleda hemodynamiska parametrarna av intresse från dessa data. De föreslagna metoderna kräver liten eller ingen användarinteraktion, är relativt snabba, använder all information som finns i de fyrdimensionella bilderna, och kan enkelt appliceras på stora datamängder. Tillägget av de i avhandlingen beskrivna metoderna till den nuvarande analysen av 4D flödes-MRT medger en avsevärd förenkling och uppsnabbad utvärdering, vilket gör att den avancerade 4D flödes MRT-tekniken kommer närmare att kunna användas i kliniskt rutinarbete.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Raymond Y. Kwong
Download or read book Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Raymond Y. Kwong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significantly updated second edition of this important work provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), a rapidly evolving tool for diagnosis and intervention of cardiovascular disease. New and updated chapters focus on recent applications of CMR such as electrophysiological ablative treatment of arrhythmias, targeted molecular MRI, and T1 mapping methods. The book presents a state-of-the-art compilation of expert contributions to the field, each examining normal and pathologic anatomy of the cardiovascular system as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Functional techniques such as myocardial perfusion imaging and assessment of flow velocity are emphasized, along with the exciting areas of artherosclerosis plaque imaging and targeted MRI. This cutting-edge volume represents a multi-disciplinary approach to the field, with contributions from experts in cardiology, radiology, physics, engineering, physiology and biochemistry, and offers new directions in noninvasive imaging. The Second Edition of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an essential resource for cardiologists and radiologists striving to lead the way into the future of this important field.
Book Synopsis Cardiac 4D Flow MRI by : Philip Corrado (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Cardiac 4D Flow MRI written by Philip Corrado (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging modality with the ability to acquire images sensitized to several different contrast mechanisms. One of the many mechanisms that can generate contrast in MR images is blood flow. "4D flow MRI", a method for quantifying time-resolved velocity fields in 3-dimensional regions, is employed in the context of comprehensive flow assessment within the heart and major blood vessels but requires long acquisition and post-processing times. The aims of the work presented in this dissertation are to accelerate the acquisition and processing of cardiac 4D flow MRI images, and to apply 4D flow MRI to quantify intracardiac hemodynamics in two disease population: survivors of myocardial infarction and young adults born very-to-extremely premature. This work is divided into six research chapters. The technical innovations introduced and evaluated in my work (Chapters 2-4) relate to the validation of accelerated 4D flow acquisitions and the development of fast, automated pipelines for 4D flow image analysis. In Chapter 2, I describe the construction of a model of the left ventricle of the heart and use it to compare acceleration acquisition techniques for 4D flow MRI. Using an optical imaging-based reference standard, I show lower error in velocity estimations at short scan times for one technique over the other, supporting the use of this technique in scan-time-limited scenarios and demonstrating a generalizable workflow for head-to-head comparison of image acquisition or reconstruction techniques which can be adopted in other applications in order to minimize acquisition time. In Chapters 3 and 4, I use deep learning to automate image processing tasks for quantitative flow assessment in 4D flow MRI of the chest. In particular, I automate the segmentation of the myocardial ventricles (Chapter 3), necessary for the measurement of ventricular kinetic energy or the analysis of ventricular flow components, and the placement of measurement planes (Chapter 4), necessary for the measurement of flow and peak velocity in the great vessels of the heart. Both methods are thoroughly evaluated, finding similar performance to manual segmentation/plane placement. This enables 4D flow MR images of the chest to be processed in an automated fashion, vastly reducing the processing time required for users of 4D flow MRI and enabling large and longitudinal studies without biases between observers. The applications of cardiac 4D flow MRI explored in my work are myocardial infarction (Chapter 5) and cardiac development after preterm birth (Chapters 6-7). In Chapter 5, I apply cardiac 4D flow MRI to study hemodynamics in the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction. 4D flow data is compared region-by-region between myocardial infarction patients and controls, finding reduced flow in several left ventricular regions in patients relative to controls, perhaps providing indications of risk of post-infarction sequelae. In Chapters 6 and 7, I apply cardiac 4D flow MRI to study intracardiac hemodynamics in another at-risk population: young adults born very-to-extremely premature. I first compare intraventricular flow in young adults born premature to those born at term (Chapter 6), finding decreased right ventricular early-to-late diastolic kinetic energy ratios and increased viscous energy dissipation in preterm subjects relative to term subjects, suggesting altered right ventricular filling which may be relevant to the elevated early heart failure risk in this population. I then use acute pharmacological interventions to assess the effects of hemodynamic manipulations on cardiac hemodynamics measured by 4D flow MRI in young adults born premature (Chapter 7). Acute pharmacological reduction of pulmonary blood pressure increases cardiac function, suggesting that pulmonary hypertension may play a role in this group's heart failure risk. Recommendations for future work include assembling large multicenter databases aimed at using 4D flow to predict cardiovascular outcomes in the general population, a longitudinal 4D flow study of the developing preterm heart throughout childhood, and a prospective 4D flow study to predict post-myocardial infarction thrombus formation.
Book Synopsis Updates in Cardiac MRI, An Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America by : Karen G. Ordovas
Download or read book Updates in Cardiac MRI, An Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America written by Karen G. Ordovas and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-12-27 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiac MR is explored in this important issue in MRI Clinics of North America. Articles will include: MR physics in practice; Ventricular mechanics: Techniques and applications; MR safety issues particular to women; Novel MR applications for evaluation of pericardial diseases; 4D flow applications for aortic diseases; T1 mapping: technique and applications; ARVD: An updated imaging approach; Imaging the metabolic syndrome; Coronary MRA: how to optimize image quality; Prognostic role of MRI in nonischemic myocardial disease; MRI for valvular imaging; MRI for adult congenital heart disease assessment; Cardiac MRI applications for cancer patients; Applications of PET-MRI for cardiovascular disease; Rings and slings, and more.
Book Synopsis Cardiac 4D Flow MRI by : Philip Corrado (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Cardiac 4D Flow MRI written by Philip Corrado (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging modality with the ability to acquire images sensitized to several different contrast mechanisms. One of the many mechanisms that can generate contrast in MR images is blood flow. "4D flow MRI", a method for quantifying time-resolved velocity fields in 3-dimensional regions, is employed in the context of comprehensive flow assessment within the heart and major blood vessels but requires long acquisition and post-processing times. The aims of the work presented in this dissertation are to accelerate the acquisition and processing of cardiac 4D flow MRI images, and to apply 4D flow MRI to quantify intracardiac hemodynamics in two disease population: survivors of myocardial infarction and young adults born very-to-extremely premature. This work is divided into six research chapters. The technical innovations introduced and evaluated in my work (Chapters 2-4) relate to the validation of accelerated 4D flow acquisitions and the development of fast, automated pipelines for 4D flow image analysis. In Chapter 2, I describe the construction of a model of the left ventricle of the heart and use it to compare acceleration acquisition techniques for 4D flow MRI. Using an optical imaging-based reference standard, I show lower error in velocity estimations at short scan times for one technique over the other, supporting the use of this technique in scan-time-limited scenarios and demonstrating a generalizable workflow for head-to-head comparison of image acquisition or reconstruction techniques which can be adopted in other applications in order to minimize acquisition time. In Chapters 3 and 4, I use deep learning to automate image processing tasks for quantitative flow assessment in 4D flow MRI of the chest. In particular, I automate the segmentation of the myocardial ventricles (Chapter 3), necessary for the measurement of ventricular kinetic energy or the analysis of ventricular flow components, and the placement of measurement planes (Chapter 4), necessary for the measurement of flow and peak velocity in the great vessels of the heart. Both methods are thoroughly evaluated, finding similar performance to manual segmentation/plane placement. This enables 4D flow MR images of the chest to be processed in an automated fashion, vastly reducing the processing time required for users of 4D flow MRI and enabling large and longitudinal studies without biases between observers. The applications of cardiac 4D flow MRI explored in my work are myocardial infarction (Chapter 5) and cardiac development after preterm birth (Chapters 6-7). In Chapter 5, I apply cardiac 4D flow MRI to study hemodynamics in the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction. 4D flow data is compared region-by-region between myocardial infarction patients and controls, finding reduced flow in several left ventricular regions in patients relative to controls, perhaps providing indications of risk of post-infarction sequelae. In Chapters 6 and 7, I apply cardiac 4D flow MRI to study intracardiac hemodynamics in another at-risk population: young adults born very-to-extremely premature. I first compare intraventricular flow in young adults born premature to those born at term (Chapter 6), finding decreased right ventricular early-to-late diastolic kinetic energy ratios and increased viscous energy dissipation in preterm subjects relative to term subjects, suggesting altered right ventricular filling which may be relevant to the elevated early heart failure risk in this population. I then use acute pharmacological interventions to assess the effects of hemodynamic manipulations on cardiac hemodynamics measured by 4D flow MRI in young adults born premature (Chapter 7). Acute pharmacological reduction of pulmonary blood pressure increases cardiac function, suggesting that pulmonary hypertension may play a role in this group's heart failure risk. Recommendations for future work include assembling large multicenter databases aimed at using 4D flow to predict cardiovascular outcomes in the general population, a longitudinal 4D flow study of the developing preterm heart throughout childhood, and a prospective 4D flow study to predict post-myocardial infarction thrombus formation.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Disability by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Cardiovascular Disability written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-12-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a screening tool called the Listing of Impairments to identify claimants who are so severely impaired that they cannot work at all and thus immediately qualify for benefits. In this report, the IOM makes several recommendations for improving SSA's capacity to determine disability benefits more quickly and efficiently using the Listings.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Angiography by : James C. Carr
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Angiography written by James C. Carr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-22 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Principles and Applications is a comprehensive text covering magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in current clinical use. The first part of the book focuses on techniques, with chapters on contrast-enhanced MRA, time of flight, phase contrast, time-resolved angiography, and coronary MRA, as well as several chapters devoted to new non-contrast MRA techniques. Additionally, chapters describe in detail specific topics such as high-field MRA, susceptibility-weighted imaging, acceleration strategies such as parallel imaging, vessel wall imaging, targeted contrast agents, and low dose contrast-enhanced MRA. The second part of the book covers clinical applications of MRA, with each chapter describing the MRA techniques and protocols for a particular disease and vascular territory, as well as the pathology and imaging findings relevant to the disease state being discussed. Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Principles and Applications is designed to bring together into a single textbook all of the MRA techniques in clinical practice today and will be a valuable resource for practicing radiologists and other physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases, as well as biomedical physicists, MRI technologists, residents, and fellows. Editors James C. Carr, MD, is the Director of Cardiovascular Imaging and Associate Professor of Radiology and Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Timothy J. Carroll, PhD, is the Director of MRI Research and Associate Professor in the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA. Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Principles and Applications is designed to bring together into a single textbook all of the MRA techniques in clinical practice today and will be a valuable resource for practicing radiologists and other physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases, as well as biomedical physicists, MRI technologists, residents, and fellows. Editors James C. Carr, MD, is Director of Cardiovascular Imaging and Associate Professor of Radiology and Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Timothy J. Carroll, PhD, is Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Editors James C. Carr, MD, is Director of Cardiovascular Imaging and Associate Professor of Radiology and Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Timothy J. Carroll, PhD, is the Director of MRI Research and Associate Professor in the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance by : E. Nagel
Download or read book Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance written by E. Nagel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart allows a quick and exact evaluation of global and regional pump function, regional myocardial wall motion, myocardial perfusion and coronary blood flow. Some of these parameters must also be analyzed under stress conditions to identify myocardial ischemia. By combining these functional parameters with high-resolution anatomical images, which are even sufficient to depict the coronary arteries, magnetic resonance imaging has become one of the most important noninvasive procedures to study the condition of the heart and is being increasingly used in the clinical setting. Therefore, it is important not only to optimize and evaluate the technique in specialized centers, but also for a broad variety of users to become familiar with the wide range of applications for this method. In this book, which is aimed at cardiologists, radiologists, and technical assistants, the physical fundamentals and scanning techniques are clearly described. In addition, practical guidelines for the anatomical planning of the examination and for patient care are offered. The accompanying CD-ROM contains additional figures and numerous videos.
Book Synopsis Mayo Clinic Guide to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Kiaran McGee
Download or read book Mayo Clinic Guide to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Kiaran McGee and published by Mayo Clinic Scientific Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This clinical resource of cardiac MR imaging is a straightforward how-to text for technologists, physicians and physicists.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Ray Abbott
Download or read book Handbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Ray Abbott and published by American Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medical imaging technology that is used for the non-invasive assessment of the function and structure of the cardiovascular system is referred to as cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). This imaging technique is helpful in evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic pathways in cardiovascular disease. The applications of cardiovascular MRI include the assessment of myocardial ischemia and viability, myocarditis, iron overload, congenital heart disease and vascular disease. CMR study includes a few techniques of imaging such as cine imaging for heart function, 4D flow CMR, adenosine for perfusion, etc. This book presents the complex subject of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. The book will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.
Book Synopsis Current and Future Applications of Magnetic Resonance in Cardiovascular Disease by : Charles Higgins
Download or read book Current and Future Applications of Magnetic Resonance in Cardiovascular Disease written by Charles Higgins and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1998-05-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely monograph focuses exclusively on the current and emerging use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) as clinical diagnostic and scientific investigative tools in cardiovascular disease. While MRI is now primarily being used to depict morphology, the innate benefit of this modality is unparalleled precision in the quantification of cardiac function and blood flow. This potential is intriguingly explored in a number of chapters that describe the utilization of MR techniques for myocardial tagging, myocardial perfusion, and coronary flow quantification. The continuous development of MRS as a realistic probe for in vivo elucidation of myocardial metabolism, myocardial oxidation mechanisms, and myocardial viability is also detailed. Magnetic resonance angiography has now evolved into an impressive imaging modality for several regions of the circulation, and the contributors provide lucid and in-depth profiles of them all. Readers will learn the optimal techniques and applications in the thoracic and abdominal aorta, carotid, lower limb, and coronary arteries -- as well as some of the insights into cardiovascular physiology, pharmacology, and metabolism that MRI/MRS-assisted research has discovered. This book provides a lucid, comprehensive, and expert overview of an increasingly important modality in detecting and understanding cardiovascular disease.
Book Synopsis Blood flow specific assessment of ventricular function by : Alexandru Grigorescu Fredriksson
Download or read book Blood flow specific assessment of ventricular function written by Alexandru Grigorescu Fredriksson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spectrum of cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early assessment and treatment of these conditions, acquired as well as congenital, is therefore of paramount importance. The human heart has a great ability to adapt to various hemodynamic conditions by cardiac remodeling. Pathologic cardiac remodeling can occur as a result of cardiovascular disease in an effort to maintain satisfactory cardiac function. With time, cardiac function diminishes leading to disease progression and subsequent heart failure, the end-point of many heart diseases, associated with very poor prognosis. Within the normal cardiac ventricles blood flows in highly organized patterns, and changes in cardiac configuration or function will affect these flow patterns. Conversely, altered flows and pressures can bring about cardiac remodeling. In congenital heart disease, even after corrective surgery, cardiac anatomy and thereby intracardiac blood flow patterns are inherently altered. The clinically most available imaging technique, ultrasound with Doppler, allows only for one-directional flow assessment and is limited by the need of clear examination windows, thus failing to fully assess the complex three-dimensional blood flow within the beating heart. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with phase-contrast has the ability to acquire three-dimensional (3D), three-directional time resolved velocity data (3D + time = 4D flow data) from which visualization and quantification of blood flow patterns over the complete cardiac cycle can be performed. Four functional blood flow components have previously been defined based on the blood route and distribution through the ventricle, where the inflowing blood that passes directly to the outflow is called Direct flow. From these components, various quantitative measures can be derived, such as component volumes and kinetic energy (KE) throughout the cardiac cycle. In addition, the 4D flow technique has the ability to quantify and visualize turbulent flow with increased velocity fluctuations in the heart and vessels, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The technique has been developed and evaluated for assessment of left ventricular (LV) blood flow in healthy subjects and in patients with dilated dysfunctional left ventricles, showing significant changes in blood flow patterns and energetics with disease. There is however still no study addressing the gap in the spectrum from the healthy cohorts to patients with moderate to severe left ventricular remodeling. In Paper III, 4D flow CMR was utilized to assess LV blood flow in patients with subtle LV dysfunction, and a shift in blood flow component volumes and KE was seen from the Direct flow to the non-ejecting blood flow components. In patients with both left- and right-sided acquired and congenital heart disease, right ventricular (RV) function is of great prognostic significance, however this ventricle has historically been somewhat overseen. With its complex geometry, advanced physiology and retrosternal location, assessment of the RV is still challenging and the right ventricular blood flow is still incompletely described. In Paper I, the RV blood flow in healthy subjects was assessed, and the proportionally larger Direct flow component was located in the most basal region of the ventricle and possessed higher levels of KE at end-diastole than the other flow components suggesting that this portion of blood was prepared for efficient systolic ejection. In Paper II, the blood flow was assessed in the RV of patients with subtle primary LV disease, and even if conventional echocardiographic or CMR RV parameters did not show any RV dysfunction, alterations of flow patterns suggestive of RV impairment were found in the patients with the more remodeled LVs. With improvements of the cardiovascular health care, including the surgical techniques, the number of adult patients with surgically corrected complex congenital heart diseases increases, one of which is tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Surgical repair of ToF involves widening of the pulmonary stenosis, which postoperatively may cause pulmonary insufficiency and regurgitation (PR). Disturbed or turbulent flow patterns are rare in the healthy cardiovascular system. With pathological changes, such as valvular insufficiency, increased amounts of TKE have been demonstrated. Turbulence is known to be harmful to organic tissues and could be significant in the development of ventricular remodeling, such as dilation and other complications seen in Fallot patients. In Paper IV, the RV intraventricular TKE levels were assessed in relation to conventional measures of PR. Results showed that RV TKE was increased in ToF patients with PR compared to healthy controls, and that these 4D flow-specific measures related slightly stronger to indices of RV remodeling than the conventional measures of PR. 4D flow CMR analysis of the intracardiac blood flow has the potential of adding to pathophysiological understanding, and thereby provide useful diagnostic information and contribute to optimization of treatment of heart disease at earlier stages before irreversible and clinically noticeable changes occur. The flow specific measures used in this thesis could be utilized to detect these alterations of intracardiac blood flow and could thus act as potential markers of progressing ventricular dysfunction, pathological remodeling or used for risk stratification in adults with early repair tetralogy of Fallot. Visualizations of intracardiac flow patterns could provide useful information to cardiac/thoracic surgeons pre- and post-operatively.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Made Easy E-Book by : Anitha Varghese
Download or read book Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Made Easy E-Book written by Anitha Varghese and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007-11-23 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title provides an easily digestible and portable synopsis of the technique which will suit the needs of cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons wishing to acquaint themselves with what CMR can do, and what it cannot. Beginning with an outline of some of the basic principles of MRI, the following chapters concentrate on the cardiac side of CMR with a later section on its more established vascular uses.
Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Disease by : Mark A. Fogel
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Disease written by Mark A. Fogel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CMR is a powerful tool in the armamentarium of pediatric cardiology and health care workers caring for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), but a successful study still presents major technical and clinical challenges. This text was created to give trainees, practitioners, allied professionals, and researchers a repository of dependable information and images to base their use of CMR on. Because CHD presents an intricate web of connections and associations that need to be deciphered, the imager performing CMR needs to understand not only anatomy, physiology, function, and surgery for CHD, but also the technical aspects of imaging. Written by experts from the world’s leading institutions, many of whom pioneered the techniques and strategies described, the text is organized in a logical way to provide a complete understanding of the issues involved. It is divided into three main parts: The Basics of CMR - familiarizes the reader with the minimum tools needed to understand the basics, such as evaluating morphology, ventricular function, and utilizing contrast agents CMR of Congenital and Acquired Pediatric Heart Disease - discusses broad categories of CHD and the use of CMR in specific disease states Special Topics in Pediatric Cardiac MR - covers other important areas such as the complementary role of CT scanning, interventional CMR, the role of the technologist in performing a CMR exam, and more With the ever increasing sophistication of technology, more can be done with CMR in a high quality manner in a shorter period of time than had been imagined as recently as just a few years ago. Principles and Practice of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Disease: Form, Function, and Flow makes a major contribution to applying these techniques to improved patient care. An ideal introduction for the novice or just the curious, this reference will be equally useful to the seasoned practitioner who wants to keep pace with developments in the field and would like a repository of information and images readily availalble.
Book Synopsis Heart Mechanics by : El-Sayed H. Ibrahim
Download or read book Heart Mechanics written by El-Sayed H. Ibrahim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on research and clinical trials, this book details the latest research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tagging technology related to heart mechanics. It covers clinical applications and examines future trends, providing a guide for future uses of MRI technology for studying heart mechanics.
