Foundations for a Humanitarian Economy

Download Foundations for a Humanitarian Economy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000595129
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Foundations for a Humanitarian Economy by : William D. Bishop

Download or read book Foundations for a Humanitarian Economy written by William D. Bishop and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modern global economy and discipline of economics place mathematical calculation above human concern. However, a re-reading of Boethius’ The Consolation of Philosophy can positively highlight the contrast in values and spirit of the early medieval European world with our own scientific age. This book discusses the historical and cultural contexts that influenced Boethius’ writing and explores how Consolation offers a radically different understanding of economic concepts: wealth from inner happiness and virtues, poverty from hoarding outer possessions, self-sufficiency in the greater whole, enlightenment through misfortune, and development as fruition from the Good. These economic considerations resonate with a range of heterodox economic perspectives, such as Ecological and Buddhist Economics. The fundamental revaluations gained through Boethius pose a critique of mainstream neoclassical and neoliberal economics: to consumerism, avarice, growth and technology fetishism, and market rationality. These economic foundations resonate into a time when global crises raise the question of fundamental human priorities, offering alternatives to an ever-expanding industrial market economy designed for profit, and helping to avoid irrevocable socio-ecological disasters. The issues raised and questioned in this book will be of significant interest to readers with concern for pluralist approaches to economics, philosophy, classics, ancient history and theology.

The Professionalization of Humanitarian Organizations

Download The Professionalization of Humanitarian Organizations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030032485
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Professionalization of Humanitarian Organizations by : Günter Müller-Stewens

Download or read book The Professionalization of Humanitarian Organizations written by Günter Müller-Stewens and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-23 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers deep insights into the functioning of humanitarian organizations (HOs) from a managerial perspective. Presenting an in-depth case study on the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), it demonstrates how HOs can professionalize the management of their operations by adapting the institutional logic of private corporations and applying their tools and frameworks in the context of a non-profit-organization. The authors discuss the advantages of effective stakeholder and change management for HOs, as well as the tensions caused by conflicting institutional logics and ethical conflicts that arise as a result of a violation of the principles of an HO. The book appeals to anyone interested in managing non-governmental organizations more effectively.

Humanitarian Economics

Download Humanitarian Economics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190613408
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Humanitarian Economics by : Gilles Carbonnier

Download or read book Humanitarian Economics written by Gilles Carbonnier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-03 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the booming humanitarian sector faces daunting challenges, humanitarian economics emerges as a new field of study and practice--one that encompasses the economics and political economy of war, disaster, terrorism and humanitarianism. Carbonnier's book is the first to present humanitarian economics to a wide readership, defining its parameters, explaining its utility and convincing us why it matters. Among the issues he discusses are: how are emotions and altruism incorporated within a rational-choice framework? How do the economics of war and terrorism inform humanitarians' negotiations with combatants, and shed light on the role of aid in conflict? What do catastrophe bonds and risk-linked securities hold for disaster response? As more actors enter the humanitarian marketplace (including private firms), Carbonnier's revealing portrayal is especially timely, as is his critique of the transformative power of crises.

Refugee Economies

Download Refugee Economies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198795688
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Refugee Economies by : Alexander Betts

Download or read book Refugee Economies written by Alexander Betts and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refugees have rarely been studied by economists. Despite some pioneering research on the economic lives of refugees, there remains a lack of theory and empirical data through which to understand, and build upon, refugees' own engagement with markets. Yet, understanding these economic systems may hold the key to rethinking our entire approach to refugee assistance. If we can improve our knowledge of the resource allocation systems that shape refugees' lives and opportunities, then we may be able to understand the mechanisms through which these market-based systems can be made to work better and turn humanitarian challenges into sustainable opportunities. This book adopts an inter-disciplinary approach, based on original qualitative and quantitative data on the economic life of refugees, in order to begin to build theory on the economic lives of refugees. It focuses on the case of Uganda because it represents a relatively positive case. Unlike other governments in the region, it has taken the positive step to allow refugees the right to work and a significant degree of freedom of movement through it so-called 'Self-Reliance Strategy'. This allows a unique opportunity to explore what is possible when refugees have basic economic freedoms. The book shows that refugees have complex and varied economic lives, often being highly entrepreneurial and connected to the global economy. The implications are simple but profound: far from being an inevitable burden, refugees have the capacity to help themselves and contribute to their host societies - if we let them

Innovative Humanitarian Financing

Download Innovative Humanitarian Financing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030832100
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (321 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Innovative Humanitarian Financing by : Maram Ahmed

Download or read book Innovative Humanitarian Financing written by Maram Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanitarian crises have become more frequent, complex and protracted. If current trends continue, it is estimated that by 2030, humanitarian assistance costs could increase to $50 billion per year. By then, two-thirds of the world's poor are at risk of living in conflict-affected countries. To bridge the gap, humanitarian organizations are increasingly utilizing innovative financing tools such as impact bonds, faith-based finance and other innovative financial products and services to mobilize greater funding to address humanitarian needs. This book is among the first to assess a set of innovative financing mechanisms that have been transforming the humanitarian sector and explores their key opportunities, challenges and future prospects. This book will be of interest to academics, practitioners, humanitarian organizations and policy makers involved in humanitarian financing and to the humanitarian sector in general. Maram Ahmed teaches at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, SOAS, University of London. Maram has published in various key academic and policy journals and has also published and been featured in mainstream media publications such as the Financial Times, CNBC, Reuters, the World Economic Forum, Devex and others. Maram frequently speaks at conferences and industry summits across the globe and has worked internationally with a range of government, corporate and humanitarian agencies. To find out more, visit www.maramahmed.com.

Stability Economics

Download Stability Economics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781494445430
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (454 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stability Economics by : Nathan Toronto

Download or read book Stability Economics written by Nathan Toronto and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years after invading Iraq and Afghanistan, the US military realized that it had a problem: How does a military force set the economic conditions for security success? This problem was certainly not novel-the military had confronted it before in such diverse locations as Grenada, Haiti, Bosnia, and Kosovo. The scale and complexity of the problem, however, were unlike anything military planners had confronted beforehand. This was especially the case in Iraq, where some commentators expected oil production to drive reconstruction. When the fragile state of Iraq's infrastructure and a rapidly deteriorating security situation prevented this from happening, the problem became even more vexing: Should a military force focus on security first, or the economy? How can it do both? This is the challenge of Stability Economics. This volume on Stability Economics begins to fill the gap that expeditionary economics did not: the operational details. What is the theoretical relationship between economics and security? What strategic, political, and environmental contexts do military planners need to consider in order to write economic development lines of effort into operations? At what point do economic development efforts pass from being necessary to achieve the security mission to being humanitarian aid mission creep? Stability Economics also puts the CERP effectiveness and force structure debates into their proper operational context. With respect to CERP effectiveness and money as a weapon system, Stability Economics recognizes that setting the economic conditions for security success entails more than targeting money effectively; it also entails a thorough appreciation of the social, political, and geographic conditions of the fight in which a military unit is engaged. In fact, armed with a robust theory of how economies grow in turbulent post-conflict environments, commanders could recognize that there are times when it is actually better to not spend money. By broadening the theoretical aperture, Stability Economics gives commanders and planners the perspective they need set the economic conditions for security success. It is about more than spending money. It is about understanding the unique characteristics of post-conflict economies.

American Foundations

Download American Foundations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0815704577
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis American Foundations by : Helmut K. Anheier

Download or read book American Foundations written by Helmut K. Anheier and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundations play an essential part in the philanthropic activity that defines so much of American life. No other nation provides its foundations with so much autonomy and freedom of action as does the United States. Liberated both from the daily discipline of the market and from direct control by government, American foundations understandably attract great attention. As David Hammack and Helmut Anheier note in this volume, "Americans have criticized foundations for... their alleged conservatism, liberalism, elitism, radicalism, devotion to religious tradition, hostility to religion—in short, for commitments to causes whose significance can be measured, in part, by the controversies they provoke. Americans have also criticized foundations for ineffectiveness and even foolishness." Their size alone conveys some sense of the significance of American foundations, whose assets amounted to over $530 billion in 2008 despite a dramatic decline of almost 22 percent in the previous year. And in 2008 foundation grants totaled over $45 billion. But what roles have foundations actually played over time, and what distinctive roles do they fill today? How have they shaped American society, how much difference do they make? What roles are foundations likely to play in the future? This comprehensive volume, the product of a three-year project supported by the Aspen Institute's program on the Nonprofit Sector and Philanthropy, provides the most thorough effort ever to assess the impact and significance of the nation's large foundations. In it, leading researchers explore how foundations have shaped—or failed to shape—each of the key fields of foundation work. American Foundations takes the reader on a wide-ranging tour, evaluating foundation efforts in education, scientific and medical research, health care, social welfare, international relations, arts and culture, religion, and social change.

Doing Bad by Doing Good

Download Doing Bad by Doing Good PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804786119
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Doing Bad by Doing Good by : Christopher J Coyne

Download or read book Doing Bad by Doing Good written by Christopher J Coyne and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An economics-focused analysis of why humanitarian relief efforts fail and how they can be remedied. In 2010, Haiti was ravaged by a brutal earthquake that affected the lives of millions. The call to assist those in need was heard around the globe. Yet two years later humanitarian efforts led by governments and NGOs have largely failed. Resources are not reaching the needy due to bureaucratic red tape, and many assets have been squandered. How can efforts intended to help the suffering fail so badly? In this timely and provocative book, Christopher J. Coyne uses the economic way of thinking to explain why this and other humanitarian efforts that intend to do good end up doing nothing or causing harm. In addition to Haiti, Coyne considers a wide range of interventions. He explains why the US government was ineffective following Hurricane Katrina, why the international humanitarian push to remove Muammar Gaddafi in Libya may very well end up causing more problems than prosperity, and why decades of efforts to respond to crises and foster development around the world have resulted in repeated failures. In place of the dominant approach to state-led humanitarian action, this book offers a bold alternative, focused on establishing an environment of economic freedom. If we are willing to experiment with aid—asking questions about how to foster development as a process of societal discovery, or how else we might engage the private sector, for instance—we increase the range of alternatives to help people and empower them to improve their communities. Anyone concerned with and dedicated to alleviating human suffering in the short term or for the long haul, from policymakers and activists to scholars, will find this book to be an insightful and provocative reframing of humanitarian action. Praise for Doing Bad by Doing Good “Coyne is to be congratulated for a book that strongly calls into question the conventional wisdom that we must look first to government to accomplish humanitarian ends.” —George Leef, Regulation Magazine “Coyne attempts to explain why conventional approaches to humanitarian aid and longer-term economic development have failed miserably . . . . Recommended.” —M. Q. Dao, Choice “Coyne offers a classic neo-liberal economic analysis to explain why the humanitarian project in its current state is doomed.” —Zoe Cormack, Times Literary Supplement

A Thousand Splendid Suns

Download A Thousand Splendid Suns PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 074758589X
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (475 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Thousand Splendid Suns by : Khaled Hosseini

Download or read book A Thousand Splendid Suns written by Khaled Hosseini and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A riveting and powerful story of an unforgiving time, an unlikely friendship and an indestructible love

Humanitarian Business

Download Humanitarian Business PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745665225
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Humanitarian Business by : Thomas G. Weiss

Download or read book Humanitarian Business written by Thomas G. Weiss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-24 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With some 50 million people living under duress and threatened by wars and disasters in 2012, the demand for relief worldwide has reached unprecedented levels. Humanitarianism is now a multi-billion dollar enterprise, and aid agencies are obliged to respond to a range of economic forces in order to 'stay in business'. In his customarily hard-hitting analysis, Thomas G. Weiss offers penetrating insights into the complexities and challenges of the contemporary humanitarian marketplace. In addition to changing political and military conditions that generate demand for aid, private suppliers have changed too. Today’s political economy places aid agencies side-by-side with for-profit businesses, including private military and security companies, in a marketplace that also is linked to global trade networks in illicit arms, natural resources, and drugs. This witch’s brew is simmering in the cauldron of wars that are often protracted and always costly to civilians who are the very targets of violence. While belligerents put a price-tag on access to victims, aid agencies pursue branding in a competition for 'scarce' resources relative to the staggering needs. As marketization encroaches on traditional humanitarianism, it seems everything may have a priceÑfrom access and principles, to moral authority and lives.

Beyond Charity

Download Beyond Charity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780979638923
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (389 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beyond Charity by : Eric John Abrahamson

Download or read book Beyond Charity written by Eric John Abrahamson and published by . This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Last Mile in Ending Extreme Poverty

Download The Last Mile in Ending Extreme Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815726341
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Last Mile in Ending Extreme Poverty by : Laurence Chandy

Download or read book The Last Mile in Ending Extreme Poverty written by Laurence Chandy and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2015-07-20 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viewed from a global scale, steady progress has been made in reducing extreme poverty—defined by the $1.25-a-day poverty line—over the past three decades. This success has sparked renewed enthusiasm about the possibility of eradicating extreme poverty within a generation. However, progress is expected to become more difficult, and slower, over time. This book will examine three central changes that need to be overcome in traveling the last mile: breaking cycles of conflict, supporting inclusive growth, and managing shocks and risks. By uncovering new evidence and identifying new ideas and solutions for spurring peace, jobs, and resilience in poor countries, The Last Mile in Ending Extreme Poverty will outline an agenda to inform poverty reduction strategies for governments, donors, charities, and foundations around the world. Contents Part I: Peace: Breaking the Cycle of Conflict External finance for state and peace building, Marcus Manuel and Alistair McKechnie, Overseas Development Institute Reforming international cooperation to improve the sustainability of peace, Bruce Jones, Brookings and New York University Bridging state and local communities through livelihood improvements, Ryutaro Murotani, JICA, and Yoichi Mine, JICA-RI and Doshisha University Postconflict trajectories and the potential for poverty reduction, Gary Milante, SIPRI Part II: Jobs: Supporting Inclusive Growth Structural change and Africa's poverty puzzle, John Page, Brookings Public goods for private jobs: lessons from the Pacific, Shane Evans, Michael Carnahan and Alice Steele, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Government of Australia Strategies for inclusive development in agrarian Sub-Saharan countries, Akio Hosono, JICA-RI The role of agriculture in poverty reduction, John McArthur, Brookings, UN Foundation, and Fung Global Institute

The Economic and Legal Foundations of Managing Innovative Development in Modern Economic Systems

Download The Economic and Legal Foundations of Managing Innovative Development in Modern Economic Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110639904
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economic and Legal Foundations of Managing Innovative Development in Modern Economic Systems by : Elena G. Popkova

Download or read book The Economic and Legal Foundations of Managing Innovative Development in Modern Economic Systems written by Elena G. Popkova and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation is of critical value in the modern global economy, as it performs several important economic functions. The first is related to supporting the sustainability of socio-economic systems, preventing the emergence of crises and, if they do occur, providing solutions to overcome their consequences. Secondly, innovation allows for the activation of economic growth and social progress through the rationalization of economic activities. Thirdly, innovation supports the global competitiveness of economic systems, allowing for the specialization of production and sales of unique goods that are in high demand in both domestic and global markets. At the same time, innovational development in economic systems is required to mitigate the high levels of risk and requires both effective management and a reliable normative and legal foundation. This book studies the economic and legal foundations of managing the innovational development of economic systems from an interdisciplinary perspective, bringing together the thoughts of international scholars in management, economics and law.

Humanitarianism in the Modern World

Download Humanitarianism in the Modern World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108493521
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Humanitarianism in the Modern World by : Norbert Götz

Download or read book Humanitarianism in the Modern World written by Norbert Götz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh look at two centuries of humanitarian history through a moral economy approach focusing on appeals, allocation, and accounting.

Foreign Humanitarian Assistance

Download Foreign Humanitarian Assistance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781081557782
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (577 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Foreign Humanitarian Assistance by : Department of Defense

Download or read book Foreign Humanitarian Assistance written by Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign Humanitarian Assistance, Joint Publication 3-29, 14 May 2019 This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance to plan, execute, and assess foreign humanitarian assistance operations. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS). It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations, and it provides considerations for military interaction with governmental and nongovernmental agencies, multinational forces, and other interorganizational partners. Why buy a book you can download for free? We print the paperback book so you don't have to. First you gotta find a good clean (legible) copy and make sure it's the latest version (not always easy). Some documents found on the web are missing some pages or the image quality is so poor, they are difficult to read. If you find a good copy, you could print it using a network printer you share with 100 other people (typically its either out of paper or toner). If it's just a 10-page document, no problem, but if it's 250-pages, you will need to punch 3 holes in all those pages and put it in a 3-ring binder. Takes at least an hour. It's much more cost-effective to just order the bound paperback from Amazon.com This book includes original commentary which is copyright material. Note that government documents are in the public domain. We print these paperbacks as a service so you don't have to. The books are compact, tightly-bound paperback, full-size (8 1/2 by 11 inches), with large text and glossy covers. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a HUBZONE SDVOSB. https: //usgovpub.com

The Kite Runner

Download The Kite Runner PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 140882485X
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Kite Runner by : Khaled Hosseini

Download or read book The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-09-05 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afghanistan, 1975: Twelve-year-old Amir is desperate to win the local kite-fighting tournament and his loyal friend Hassan promises to help him. But neither of the boys can foresee what will happen to Hassan that afternoon, an event that is to shatter their lives. After the Russians invade and the family is forced to flee to America, Amir realises that one day he must return to Afghanistan under Taliban rule to find the one thing that his new world cannot grant him: redemption.

The Institutional Foundations of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century

Download The Institutional Foundations of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 9783110650648
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (56 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Institutional Foundations of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century by : Elena G. Popkova

Download or read book The Institutional Foundations of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century written by Elena G. Popkova and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2021-02 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book series presents new achievements in the scientific thought of the 21st century in the spheres of management, economics, and law, aimed at enhancing the potential of the global economic system's development in modern economic conditions and providing solutions to the complex problems it faces. The books in this series will have a wide international outlook with a focus on both macro and micro issues, placing emphasis on a wide range of global, regional and national threats and opportunities for economic sectors and systems. By unifying the scholarly efforts of academics from adjacent spheres of socio-humanitarian sciences (management, economics, and law), the series will allow for coverage of a plethora of organizational and managerial, financial and economic, and normative and legal issues and present multi-disciplinary approaches and original solutions to the pressing problems of modern economic theory and practice. Series editors Elena G. Popkova is a Professor at the Institute of Scientific Communications, Volgograd, Russia where she teaches courses in economic development, world economy and international economic relationships. She is a very active researcher with 93 publications listed in Scopus and is a member of the editorial boards of 3 different journals and has been guest editor of 4 journal publications. She is an active participant in leading international forums and conferences. Artem Krivtsov is a Professor at Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russia. He is the author of more than 80 important scientific works and is indexed in the systems of scientific citation and published in high-ranking scientific journals. Research topics being developed are investment analysis and enterprise management. Through his work, Artem popularises and promotes science as well as scientific knowledge and achievements. He also increases the degree of integration of science and education and effectively realizes the innovative potential of basic science.