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Formal Models Of Visual Perception Based On Cortical Architectures
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Book Synopsis Formal Models of Visual Perception Based on Cortical Architectures by : Marta Favali
Download or read book Formal Models of Visual Perception Based on Cortical Architectures written by Marta Favali and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to develop mathematical models of visual perception based on cortical architectures and to apply them to reproduce phenomenological experiments and to process natural images. We primarly focus on low level vision tasks and in particular we are interested in the problem of grouping and of individuation of perceptual units. In this setting we will face the problem of the reconstruction of illusory figures and the detection of retinal vessels in optical images. Then we consider the problem of encoding and decoding of the fMRI signal from in vivo acquired brain activity of visual cortex. This allows to estimate the structure of the cortex of a specific human patient and eventually to reconstruct the visual stimulus from fMRI activity, in a so called “brain reading” strategy. The difference between our approach and the state of the art literature consists in using previously defined neuromathematical models of the cortices as a-priori knowledge to regularise in vivo estimated structure. Even if it is a long term objective, we propose a first approach to improve the results in this field. The entire work of this thesis has been developed taking into account results from phenomenology of perception and results of neurophysiology.In the field of the phenomenology of perception, at the beginning of the last century, the theory of the Gestalt psychology [Wertheimer, 1938, Kohler, 1947, Kofka, 1935] defined the integration of contours and in particular they defined grouping laws underlying perception. These are crucial in the construction of visual objects: points with characteristics in common can be grouped together to form a new visual object. Many psychophysical experiments have been proposed to measure the quantitative parameters of these laws. A particular interest of this thesis is the concept of association fields introduced by Field et al. [1993] which encodes different Gestalt principles (as good continuation, proximity). They showed that stimulus co-linearity and co-circularity play an important role for the feature of grouping. Their study showed how chances of perceiving the curvilinear path were high if the orientation of its features was the one tangent at that point and collapsed as their relative orientation deviated from being tangent...
Book Synopsis Formal Theories of Visual Perception by : Emanuel Laurens Jan Leeuwenberg
Download or read book Formal Theories of Visual Perception written by Emanuel Laurens Jan Leeuwenberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1978 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theories on field effects; Coding theories of complex patterns.
Book Synopsis Cortical Models of Visual Perception by : Gregory Francis
Download or read book Cortical Models of Visual Perception written by Gregory Francis and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brain Theory written by A. Aertsen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-08-06 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present collection of papers focuses on the subject of vision. The papers bring together new insights and facts from various branches of experimental and theoretical neuroscience. The experimental facts presented in the volume stem from disparate fields, such as neuroanatomy, electrophysiology, optical imaging and psychophysics. The theoretical models in part are unsophisticated, yet still inspiring, while others skilfully apply advanced mathematical reasoning to results of experimental measurements. The book is the fifth in a series of volumes intending to define a theory of the brain by bringing together formal reasoning and experimental facts. The reader is thus being introduced to a new kind of brain science, where facts and theory are beginning to blend together.
Book Synopsis Computational Models for Neuroscience by : Robert Hecht-Nielsen
Download or read book Computational Models for Neuroscience written by Robert Hecht-Nielsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal study of neuroscience (broadly defined) has been underway for millennia. For example, writing 2,350 years ago, Aristotle! asserted that association - of which he defined three specific varieties - lies at the center of human cognition. Over the past two centuries, the simultaneous rapid advancements of technology and (conse quently) per capita economic output have fueled an exponentially increasing effort in neuroscience research. Today, thanks to the accumulated efforts of hundreds of thousands of scientists, we possess an enormous body of knowledge about the mind and brain. Unfortunately, much of this knowledge is in the form of isolated factoids. In terms of "big picture" understanding, surprisingly little progress has been made since Aristotle. In some arenas we have probably suffered negative progress because certain neuroscience and neurophilosophy precepts have clouded our self-knowledge; causing us to become largely oblivious to some of the most profound and fundamental aspects of our nature (such as the highly distinctive propensity of all higher mammals to automatically seg ment all aspects of the world into distinct holistic objects and the massive reorganiza tion of large portions of our brains that ensues when we encounter completely new environments and life situations). At this epoch, neuroscience is like a huge collection of small, jagged, jigsaw puz zle pieces piled in a mound in a large warehouse (with neuroscientists going in and tossing more pieces onto the mound every month).
Book Synopsis Formal Methods in Architecture by : Sara Eloy
Download or read book Formal Methods in Architecture written by Sara Eloy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book gathers research studies presented at the 5th International Symposium on Formal Methods in Architecture (5FMA), Lisbon 2020. Studies focus on the use of methodologies, especially those that have witnessed recent developments, that stem from the mathematical and computer sciences and are developed in a collaborative way with architecture and related fields. This book constitutes a contribution to the debate and to the introduction of new methodologies and tools in the mentioned fields that derive from the application of formal methods in the creation of new explicit languages for problem-solving in architecture and urbanism. It adds valuable insight into the development of new practices solving identified societal problems and promoting the digital transformation of institutions in the mentioned fields. The primary audience of this book will be from the fields of architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, AEC, landscape design, computer sciences and mathematics, both academicians and professionals.
Book Synopsis Cortical Based Mathematical Models of Geometric Optical Illusions by : Benedetta Franceschiello
Download or read book Cortical Based Mathematical Models of Geometric Optical Illusions written by Benedetta Franceschiello and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents mathematical models for visual perception and deals with such phenomena in which there is a visible gap between what is represented and what we perceive. A phenomenon which drew the interest most is amodal completion, consisting in perceiving a completion of a partially occluded object, in contrast with the modal completion, where we perceive an object even though its boundaries are not present [Gestalt theory, 99]. Such boundaries reconstructed by our visual system are called illusory contours, and their neural processing is performed by the primary visual cortices (V1/V2), [93]. Geometric models of the functional architecture of primary visual areas date back to Hoffman [86]. In [139] Petitot proposed a model of single boundaries completion through constraint minimization, neural counterpart of the model of Mumford [125]. In this setting Citti and Sarti introduced a cortical based model [28], which justifies the illusions at a neural level and provides a neurogeometrical model for V1. Another class of phenomena are Geometric optical illusions (GOIs), discovered in the XIX century [83, 190], arising in presence of a mismatch of geometrical properties between an item in object space and its associated percept. The fundamental idea developed here is these phenomena arise due to a polarization of the connectivity of V1/V2, responsible for the misperception. Starting from [28] in which the connectivity building contours in V1 is modeled as a sub-Riemannian metric, we extend it claiming that in GOIs the cortical response to the stimulus modulates the connectivity of the cortex, becoming a coefficient for the metric. GOIs will be tested through this model.
Book Synopsis Figural Synthesis by : Peter C. Dodwell
Download or read book Figural Synthesis written by Peter C. Dodwell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book, originally published in 1984, was to bring together a number of approaches to this important topic. Significant advances had been made in the two decades before publication in our understanding of many aspects of the coding that occurs along the visual pathways. The major developments had been associated with probing the nature of "logical" processes, whether physiologically or psychophysically, and relatively less attention had been devoted to the problem of how such locally coded knowledge is put together to yield coherent representations of spatially (and temporally) extended patterns – that is, to figural synthesis. Thus, while a great deal was known about the responses of individual cells in the visual system to controlled stimulation, and about the specificity of the orientational and spatial-frequency tuning of channels assessed psychophysically, there had been much less discussion of how such knowledge could be brought to bear on the general problems of understanding pattern recognition.
Book Synopsis Models of the Visual Cortex by : David Rose
Download or read book Models of the Visual Cortex written by David Rose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1985 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and stimulating study which presents the views of 71 leading theorists on the underlying mechanisms and functions of the primary visual cortex.
Book Synopsis Hierarchical Object Representations in the Visual Cortex and Computer Vision by : Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez
Download or read book Hierarchical Object Representations in the Visual Cortex and Computer Vision written by Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 40 years, neurobiology and computational neuroscience has proved that deeper understanding of visual processes in humans and non-human primates can lead to important advancements in computational perception theories and systems. One of the main difficulties that arises when designing automatic vision systems is developing a mechanism that can recognize - or simply find - an object when faced with all the possible variations that may occur in a natural scene, with the ease of the primate visual system. The area of the brain in primates that is dedicated at analyzing visual information is the visual cortex. The visual cortex performs a wide variety of complex tasks by means of simple operations. These seemingly simple operations are applied to several layers of neurons organized into a hierarchy, the layers representing increasingly complex, abstract intermediate processing stages. In this Research Topic we propose to bring together current efforts in neurophysiology and computer vision in order 1) To understand how the visual cortex encodes an object from a starting point where neurons respond to lines, bars or edges to the representation of an object at the top of the hierarchy that is invariant to illumination, size, location, viewpoint, rotation and robust to occlusions and clutter; and 2) How the design of automatic vision systems benefit from that knowledge to get closer to human accuracy, efficiency and robustness to variations.
Book Synopsis Biologically Motivated Computer Vision by : Seong-Whang Lee
Download or read book Biologically Motivated Computer Vision written by Seong-Whang Lee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-31 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is our great pleasure and honor to organize the First IEEE Computer Society International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV 2000). The workshop BMCV 2000 aims to facilitate debates on biologically motivated vision systems and to provide an opportunity for researchers in the area of vision to see and share the latest developments in state-of-the-art technology. The rapid progress being made in the field of computer vision has had a tremendous impact on the modeling and implementation of biologically motivated computer vision. A multitude of new advances and findings in the domain of computer vision will be presented at this workshop. By December 1999 a total of 90 full papers had been submitted from 28 countries. To ensure the high quality of workshop and proceedings, the program committee selected and accepted 56 of them after a thorough review process. Of these papers 25 will be presented in 5 oral sessions and 31 in a poster session. The papers span a variety of topics in computer vision from computational theories to their implementation. In addition to these excellent presentations, there will be eight invited lectures by distinguished scientists on “hot” topics. We must add that the program committee and the reviewers did an excellent job within a tight schedule.
Book Synopsis Visual Perception of Form by : Leonard Zusne
Download or read book Visual Perception of Form written by Leonard Zusne and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Visual Perception: Theory and Practice by : Terry Caelli
Download or read book Visual Perception: Theory and Practice written by Terry Caelli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual Perception: Theory and Practice focuses on the theory and practice of visual perception, with emphasis on technologies used in vision research and in visual information processing. Central areas of vision research including spatial vision, motion perception, and color are discussed. Light and optics, convolutions and Fourier methods, and network theory and systems are also examined. Comprised of nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of language and processes underlying specific areas of vision such as measures of neural activity, feature specificity, and individual cells and psychophysics. The reader is then systematically introduced to the more essential properties of light and optics relevant to visual perception; the use of convolutions, Fourier series, and Fourier transform to model processes in visual perception; and network theory and systems. Subsequent chapters deal with the geometry of visual perception; spatial vision; the perception of motion; and some specific issues in visual perception, including color perception, binocular vision, and steriopsis. This monograph is intended for students, practitioners, and investigators in physiology.
Author :Jose G. Delgado-Frias Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1489913319 Total Pages :318 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (899 download)
Book Synopsis VLSI for Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence by : Jose G. Delgado-Frias
Download or read book VLSI for Neural Networks and Artificial Intelligence written by Jose G. Delgado-Frias and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural network and artificial intelligence algorithrns and computing have increased not only in complexity but also in the number of applications. This in turn has posed a tremendous need for a larger computational power that conventional scalar processors may not be able to deliver efficiently. These processors are oriented towards numeric and data manipulations. Due to the neurocomputing requirements (such as non-programming and learning) and the artificial intelligence requirements (such as symbolic manipulation and knowledge representation) a different set of constraints and demands are imposed on the computer architectures/organizations for these applications. Research and development of new computer architectures and VLSI circuits for neural networks and artificial intelligence have been increased in order to meet the new performance requirements. This book presents novel approaches and trends on VLSI implementations of machines for these applications. Papers have been drawn from a number of research communities; the subjects span analog and digital VLSI design, computer design, computer architectures, neurocomputing and artificial intelligence techniques. This book has been organized into four subject areas that cover the two major categories of this book; the areas are: analog circuits for neural networks, digital implementations of neural networks, neural networks on multiprocessor systems and applications, and VLSI machines for artificial intelligence. The topics that are covered in each area are briefly introduced below.
Download or read book Webvision written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :9780309068345 Total Pages :92 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (683 download)
Book Synopsis Vision by : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Vision written by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2010 by : BICA Society. Annual Meeting
Download or read book Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2010 written by BICA Society. Annual Meeting and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book presents the proceedings of the First International Conference on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures (BICA 2010), which is also the First Annual Meeting of the BICA Society. A cognitive architecture is a computational framework for the design of intelligent, even conscious, agents. It may draw inspiration from many sources, such as pure mathematics, physics or abstract theories of cognition. A biologically inspired cognitive architecture (BICA) is one which incorporates formal mechanisms from computational models of human and animal cognition, which currently provide the only physical examples with the robustness, flexibility, scalability and consciousness that artificial intelligence aspires to achieve. The BICA approach has several different goals: the broad aim of creating intelligent software systems without focusing on any one area of application; attempting to accurately simulate human behavior or gain an understanding of how the human mind works, either for purely scientific reasons or for applications in a variety of domains; understanding how the brain works at a neuronal and sub-neuronal level; or designing artificial systems which can perform the cognitive tasks important to practical applications in human society, and which at present only humans are capable of. The papers presented in this volume reflect the cross-disciplinarity and integrative nature of the BICA approach and will be of interest to anyone developing their own approach to cognitive architectures. Many insights can be found here for inspiration or to import into one's own architecture, directly or in modified form."--Publisher description.
