Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Foraging Behaviors Of White Tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Consuming Acorns
Download Foraging Behaviors Of White Tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Consuming Acorns full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Foraging Behaviors Of White Tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Consuming Acorns ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Foraging Behaviors of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Consuming Acorns by : Jacob Smith
Download or read book Foraging Behaviors of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Consuming Acorns written by Jacob Smith and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Odocoileus virginianus readily consume acorns. Acorns are large (1 - 5 g), high in lipids, and dietary lipid content affects deer survival and fecundity. Deer might also ingest acorns because of a high short-term food intake. Leaves of dicotyledous plants (browse) is the forage type commonly consumed by O. virginianus and models of browse food intake reveal that larger bite sizes increase food intake. Deer consuming browse appear to have a maximum bite size and food intake of 1.2 g/bite and 9.8 g/min, respectively. My first objective was to determine whether food intake of acorns exceeded 9.8 g/min. Interestingly, limited data indicated that food intake might decline with increasing acorn (Quercus sp.) mass. I also investigated whether larger acorns reduced food intake because of increased chews per gram of ingested material (chewing investment) and lower bite rates. I measured foraging behaviors of free-ranging deer consuming Q. virginianus (Live oak) or Q. buckleyi (Texas oak) acorns in San Marcos, Texas. I set out 200 acorns in a 1-m2 area at four feeding locations and recorded the time deer spent feeding on acorns and the number of bites and chews taken. Food intake was the product of acorn mass and bite rate. Five observers collected 92 foraging observations that ranged in length from 1 to 24 minutes from September to December 2020 - 2022. Acorn mass was measured in 57 of those observations. Observation length, time of day, and observer influenced bite and chew rates, and these variables were included in subsequent analyses. The mean acorn mass of Q. virginianus was 1.5 gm (s = 0.7) and 2.8 gm (s = 1.5) for Q. buckleyi. Using linear mixed effects models I estimated a mean food intake on Q. virginianus acorns of 27.22 g/min (SE = 5.1) and 24.55 (4.9) for Q. buckleyi. Deer can ingest acorns faster than the maximum ingestion rate of browse. Analyses of mixed-effects models indicated that bite rate was higher on Q. virginianus acorns but chewing rate was higher on Q. buckleyi acorns. Food intake was also lower for Texas than Q. virginianus acorns. An inverse relationship, however, between chewing rate and food intake meant that chewing investment declined with food intake. Elevated chewing rate when deer consumed Q. buckleyi acorns appeared to reduce food intake. In addition to acorn mass, species specific characteristics of acorns such as pliability, texture, and chemical composition might impact deer ingestive behavior. Deer behavior dictating acorn ingestion is complex and requires further investigation.
Book Synopsis Foraging Behavior, Social Interactions, and Predation Risk of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) at a Concentrated Resource by : David Bledsoe Stone
Download or read book Foraging Behavior, Social Interactions, and Predation Risk of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) at a Concentrated Resource written by David Bledsoe Stone and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife feeding is undertaken for a variety of reasons including increasing viewing opportunities, improving body condition, preventing starvation, and facilitating hunter harvest. I investigated anti-predator and foraging behavior at bait sites, the role of competition on bait site visitation, and spatio-temporal responses to baiting. During 2013 and 2014, I used global positioning system (GPS) telemetry and camera traps to assess white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) behavior at bait sites and implications for harvest susceptibility. Camera trap data indicated that foraging behavior was influenced by social interactions and breeding chronology. Co-occurrence of mature and immature males at a bait site negatively impacted feeding rates for immature males. I used a multi-state modeling approach to determine if deer temporally partitioned their use of bait sites based on dominance status and how the resulting patterns in bait site visitation would potentially expose deer to different sources of predation risk, depending on the activity patterns of the predator. I found that subordinate (yearling males and adult females) and dominant (adult males) cohorts avoided each other temporally at the patch level. Subordinates were more likely to use bait sites during diurnal hours during the pre- and post-breeding phases of the breeding season than dominants. Bait site visitation for dominants and subordinates did not differ during nocturnal hours in any phase of the breeding season. Lastly, I used dynamic Brownian bridge movement models and camera traps to assess harvest suscpetibility. I determined that hunters were less likely to encounter a deer at a bait site than non-baited areas in their home range, regardless of sex, age class, or phase of the breeding season. Although no sex-age class selected for bait sites over other portions of their home range during legal hunting hours, adult females were more susceptible to harvest at bait sites during the pre-breeding season than the breeding or post-breeding seasons. Conversely, adult and yearling males were more likely to visit a bait site during hunting hours in the post-breeding season than the pre- or breeding seasons. Social interactions, competitive status, and reproductive behaviors are important drivers of deer behavior and harvest susceptibility at bait sites.
Book Synopsis Foraging Characteristics of the White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Southern Minnesota by : James Lewis Dunn
Download or read book Foraging Characteristics of the White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Southern Minnesota written by James Lewis Dunn and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Mammalogy written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deer Habitat in the Ozark Forests of Arkansas by : Mitchell J. Rogers
Download or read book Deer Habitat in the Ozark Forests of Arkansas written by Mitchell J. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Winter Foraging Behaviour of White-tailed Deer (odocoileus Virginianus) in a Northern Deer Yard by : David T. Brown
Download or read book Winter Foraging Behaviour of White-tailed Deer (odocoileus Virginianus) in a Northern Deer Yard written by David T. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Using a new browse-monitoring technique, short-term changes in the winter foraging behaviour of yarded northern white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were followed over 3 winters. Hypotheses about selective browsing, shifts in foraging strategy, food patch selection, diet quality, and foraging effort were derived from optimal foraging theory. Testing of associated predictions disclosed that deer expanded their diets over the course of the yarding season, showed shifts in proportional representation of browse species in their diet, and exhibited distinct but changing preferences for certain browse types. Partial preferences in diet choices occurred, but important diet items were used in nonrandom runs once adopted into the diet. Cornus stolonifera was the dominant browse species in the diet based on construction of a functional response curve, with the use of other species influenced by C. stolonifera depletion. Deer took a greater number of twigs from denser browse plots, and made more browsing visits to dense plots over the yarding season. Browsed plots tended to be higher in total twig availability and C. stolonifera availability than unbrowsed plots for the first half of the yarding season only. Diameter at point of browsing (DPB) values increased over the season for C. stolonifera and Salix. Results indicate that winter deer foraging is a dynamic process, with high diet selectivity at the beginning of the yarding season, and gradual diet generalization in the face of overall browse depletion." --
Download or read book General Technical Report NE written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Allegheny Woodrat by : John Peles
Download or read book The Allegheny Woodrat written by John Peles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-20 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decline in populations of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) was first noticed in the 1980s. Since that time, woodrats have become extirpated from at least two states and have declined dramatically in several others. Recent evidence suggests that the decline of this species may be proceeding further south to include states where woodrat populations were previously considered to be stable. The Allegheny Woodrat: Ecology, Conservation, and Management of a Declining Species provides a comprehensive summary of research conducted over the past twenty-five years. The book integrates the results of this research into a comprehensive picture of the ecological requirements, conservation principles, and management strategies for this declining species. In addition, general principles learned from the study of woodrats are applied to the conservation and management of other declining species, including other species of Neotoma. The editors and chapter authors are researchers from both academic settings and state management agencies, individuals who have contributed significantly to the study of Allegheny woodrats during the past two decades. The book will be of interest to ecologists, conservation biologists, wildlife professionals, and students.
Book Synopsis Nutritional Ecology of White-tailed Deer by : Robert Gene Osborn
Download or read book Nutritional Ecology of White-tailed Deer written by Robert Gene Osborn and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Science of Overabundance by : William J. Mcshea
Download or read book The Science of Overabundance written by William J. Mcshea and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2003-01-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Easily the most common of America’s large wildlife species, white-tailed deer are often referred to as "overabundant." But when does a species cross the threshold from common to overpopulated? This question has been the focus of debate in recent years among hunters, animal rights activists, and biologists. William McShea and his colleagues explore every aspect of the issue in The Science of Overabundance. Are there really too many deer? Do efforts to control deer populations really work? What broader lessons can we learn from efforts to understand deer population dynamics? Through twenty-three chapters, the editors and contributors dismiss widely held lore and provide solid information on this perplexing problem.
Book Synopsis A Comparison of Nutritional and Foraging Ecology of Sympatric Mule and White-tailed Deer in Northeastern Washington by : Stephanie Lynn Berry
Download or read book A Comparison of Nutritional and Foraging Ecology of Sympatric Mule and White-tailed Deer in Northeastern Washington written by Stephanie Lynn Berry and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impacts of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herbivory on the Forage Quality of Forest Vegetation by : Jonathan David Becker
Download or read book The Impacts of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herbivory on the Forage Quality of Forest Vegetation written by Jonathan David Becker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are abundant across North America. Deer impact ecosystems, both directly and indirectly. These impacts are driven by the foraging preferences of deer. The energy, protein, mineral, fiber, and secondary metabolite content of plants are important factors that inform the selective herbivory of deer. I examined the interactions between forage quality and deer impacts in northern Wisconsin using deer exclosures. I examined the forage quality of four focal species (Acer saccharum, Maianthemum canadense, Dryopteris intermedia and Carex pensylvanica) in both control and exclosure plots. Forage quality parameters measured were energy, protein, ash, phosphorus, silica, fiber, and saponins. I found that deer herbivory did not uniformly decrease the forage quality within individual species. This study provides preliminary support for a predicted increase in low forage quality plants in response to heavy deer herbivory. Further research is necessary to support this trend, including a focus on defensive secondary metabolites.
Book Synopsis Behavior and Ecology of a White-tailed Deer Population (Odocoileus Virginianus) at High Density by : Michael Stüwe
Download or read book Behavior and Ecology of a White-tailed Deer Population (Odocoileus Virginianus) at High Density written by Michael Stüwe and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adirondack Mammals by : D. Andrew Saunders
Download or read book Adirondack Mammals written by D. Andrew Saunders and published by SUNY ESF. This book was released on 1988 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for laymen and students. Contains 54 "Species Accounts" : a line drawing, range map, description, habitat, behaviors, movement, reproduction, and predators for each mammal.
Book Synopsis 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conference by : Kurt William Gottschalk
Download or read book 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conference written by Kurt William Gottschalk and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book FA Report Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Relationships Between Columbian White-tailed and Black-tailed Deer in Southwest Oregon by : Lowell W. Whitney
Download or read book Ecological Relationships Between Columbian White-tailed and Black-tailed Deer in Southwest Oregon written by Lowell W. Whitney and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I examined ecological relationships and mechanisms of coexistence for sympatric populations of Columbian white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) and black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in Douglas County, Oregon, from September 1997 to August 1998. Horseback transects were used to describe spatial distributions, population overlap, and habitat use for both species. Behavioral observations were conducted to examine intraspecific and interspecific social interactions. Diets were studied with microhistological analysis, and fecal nitrogen and neutral detergent fiber in fecal samples were used as indices of diet quality. Interspecific differences in foraging micro-site use and selection were investigated using vegetative surveys. Distribution patterns indicated that white-tailed and black-tailed deer maintained a degree spatial separation during most seasons, with spatial overlap ranging from 5 to 40% seasonally. White-tailed deer were more concentrated and tended to occur in the southern portions of the study area, which was characterized by lower elevations, more gradual slopes, and closer proximity to streams. Black-tailed deer were more wide ranging and tended to occur in the northern portions of the study area, which had higher elevations and greater topological relief. Coefficients of species association were negative suggesting that the species maintained spatial separation through mutual avoidance. In regions of population overlap, the species maintained separation by choosing different micro-sites in which to forage. Habitat use patterns were similar seasonally between white-tailed and black-tailed deer with overlap ranging from 89 to 96%. White-tailed deer used nearly all habitats available on the study area except those associated with conifers. They used oak-hardwood savanna shrub, open grassland, oak-hardwood savanna and riparian habitats the most. Black-tailed deer exhibited high use for open grassland and oak-hardwood savanna shrub habitats and lower use of all others. Columbian white-tailed and black-tailed deer exhibited strong seasonal similarities in diets with overlap ranging from 89 to 95%. White-tailed deer diets were dominated by forbs, shrubs, grasses, and other food sources (e.g., nuts, lichens). Columbian black-tailed deer diets were dominated mostly by forbs and other food sources. Seasonal diet diversity followed similar patterns for both species with the most diverse diets occurring in the fall and the least diverse diets in the spring. Detailed observation of behavioral interactions among white-tailed and black-tailed deer groups revealed that intraspecific interactions were more likely than interspecific interactions. Interactions among white-tailed deer groups were equally likely to be passive or active, while those among black-tailed groups were more likely to be passive. Interspecific interactions between white-tailed and black-tailed deer were infrequent. When they did occur, little aggression was observed and evidence of consistent dominance by either species was lacking. High overlap in habitat use and diets resulted in high trophic overlap (81 to 85% seasonally) between white-tailed and black-tailed deer; however, the low spatial overlap reduced the potential for exploitative competition between the species. High habitat heterogeneity on the study area created diverse niche characteristics that allowed white-tailed and black-tailed deer to have strong similarities in diets and habitat use, while coexisting. I hypothesized that the two species were competitively excluding each other.
