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Food Consumption Growth And Amino Acid Metabolism In Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Application Of 15n And 13c Stable Isotope Tracers
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Book Synopsis Food consumption, growth and amino acid metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) application of 15N and 13C stable isotope tracers by : Patrick James Campbell
Download or read book Food consumption, growth and amino acid metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) application of 15N and 13C stable isotope tracers written by Patrick James Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy and Nitrogen balances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed at largely varying feeding intensities by : Feyza Sanver
Download or read book Energy and Nitrogen balances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed at largely varying feeding intensities written by Feyza Sanver and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Factors that Affect the Efficiency of Limiting Amino Acid Utilization by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). by : Afshin Gholami
Download or read book An Investigation of Factors that Affect the Efficiency of Limiting Amino Acid Utilization by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). written by Afshin Gholami and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn gluten meal (CGM) is a high protein ingredient commonly used in fish feeds. However, studies suggest that diets containing high levels of CGM elicit lower voluntary feed intake, growth and lower efficiency of utilization of limiting amino acid (AA) compared to other protein sources. It has been hypothesized that the AA profile of CGM (low lysine, excess leucine) could be responsible for these effects or protein from CGM could be digested faster than other protein sources, resulting in faster absorption and less efficient utilization of its AAs. A series of studies were conducted to examine the effect of feeding CGM on growth, efficiency of lysine utilization and the dynamics of protein digestion in rainbow trout. Results of growth trial indicated that weight gain, FE and nitrogen retention efficiency were significantly lower in fish fed CGM-based diets compared to those fed WGM based diets. Digestibility trial results revealed lower apparent digestibility of crude protein in CGM-based diets compared to that of WGM-based diets. The efficiency of digestible lysine utilization did not differ between the CGM and WGM-based diets. Serial digesta sampling of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of rainbow trout and blood sampling were carried out to estimate digesta transit time and plasma AA concentrations. Results indicate that CGM-based diets passed through the GI tract four times faster than WGM-based diets. The ratios of plasma leucine to branched-chain amino acids, and leucine to lysine, were generally higher, for fish fed CGM-based diets compared to those fed WGM-based diets. To examine the impact of the excess leucine on growth performance and efficiency of AA utilization, rainbow trout were pair-fed CGM or WGM-based diets formulated to be deficient in lysine and contain adequate and excess leucine levels. Results indicated that excess leucine did not affect growth and efficiency of lysine utilization. The results from this thesis suggest that the lower digestibility of protein and AAs of CGM may in part explain the lower performance of CGM-based diet compared to other protein sources in some studies. Differences in the dynamics of digestion and absorption of AAs and their appearance in the circulation are evident. Therefore, it should be examined further in future studies.
Author :J. W. Hilton Publisher :Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans, Scientific Information and Publications Branch ISBN 13 : Total Pages :28 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Nutrition and Feeding of Rainbow Trout by : J. W. Hilton
Download or read book Nutrition and Feeding of Rainbow Trout written by J. W. Hilton and published by Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans, Scientific Information and Publications Branch. This book was released on 1981 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special publication is designed to describe the basic elements of salmonid nutrition. Described are the requirements and functions of nutrients. The feed formulation for salmonids is described, together with the quality control parameters for the most important ingredients in salmonid diets. All fish feeds must be processed to produce feed particles of appropriate size for fish of different ages and sizes. The digestibility and balance of nutrients assumes greater importance in diets for fish because of the importance of preventing eutrophication and increasing the biological oxygen demand in the fish pond. Guides have been established indicating the amount of feed to give daily to fish of various sizes and water temperatures. Fish are poikilotherms whose body temperature, metabolic rate and feeding activity varies with the ambient water temperature. Feeding rates and growth rates are reduced as the temperature is decreased from 15 to 4 C.
Book Synopsis Nutrition and Protein Metabolism in Fish by : Einar Lied
Download or read book Nutrition and Protein Metabolism in Fish written by Einar Lied and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Dietary Nucleotide Supplementation on Growth and Feed Efficiency of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fed Fish Meal-Free and Animal Protein-Free Diets by : Bing Liu
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Nucleotide Supplementation on Growth and Feed Efficiency of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fed Fish Meal-Free and Animal Protein-Free Diets written by Bing Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation on growth and feed efficiency in rainbow trout (initial weight = 25 g/fish) were conducted in a 70-day growth trial. One control diet and two basal diets (25%, 5% and 0% fish meal, respectively) were formulated using high levels of highly digestible plant protein ingredients to meet all the known nutrient requirements of rainbow trout. Two basal diets were supplemented with four increasing levels (0, 8, 16 and 24 ppm, respectively) of nucleotides using a commercial supplement (Laltide®, Lallemand Inc. Qc, Canada). Nucleotide supplementation levels significantly (p
Book Synopsis Amino Acids Regulate Hepatic Intermediary Metabolism-related Gene Expression Via MTORC1-dependent Manner in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Dai Weiwei
Download or read book Amino Acids Regulate Hepatic Intermediary Metabolism-related Gene Expression Via MTORC1-dependent Manner in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Dai Weiwei and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During my doctoral study, we used rainbow trout, a representative carnivorous fish and relevant diabetic model, to study the mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatic intermediary metabolism by nutrients (amino acids (AAs) and glucose), and determine the potential involvement of insulin/Akt and mTORC1 signaling pathways in these regulations. Using acute administration of rapamycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of TOR, we first identified that mTORC1 activation promotes the expression of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis and amino acid catabolism, while Akt negatively regulates gluconeogenic gene expression in rainbow trout liver and primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression is more responsive to dietary protein intake/AAs than dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose during acute stimulations in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we further showed that high levels of AAs up-regulate hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression through an mTORC1-dependent manner, while excessive AAs attenuate insulin-mediated repression of gluconeogenesis through elevating IRS-1 Ser302 phosphorylation, which in turn impairs Akt phosphorylation and dampens insulin action. Finally, using glucose tolerance test and acute inhibition of rapamycin, we concluded that hepatic gluconeogenesis probably plays a major role in controlling glucose homeostasis, which maybe account for the prolonged hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance phenotype of carnivorous fish. The present thesis brings forward our understandings about the roles of protein/AAs in the regulation of hepatic intermediary metabolism in trout and identifies relevant cellular signaling pathways mediating the action of amino acids on metabolism. It also clarifies some nutritional characteristics of the trout.
Book Synopsis Effect of Fasting Or Feeding Diets Containing Different Levels of Protein Or Amino Acids on the Activities of the Liver Amino Acid-degrading Enzymes and Amino Acid Oxidation in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) by : Kyu-Il Kim
Download or read book Effect of Fasting Or Feeding Diets Containing Different Levels of Protein Or Amino Acids on the Activities of the Liver Amino Acid-degrading Enzymes and Amino Acid Oxidation in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) written by Kyu-Il Kim and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Response of Lake Trout and Rainbow Trout to Dietary Cellulose by : Hugh A. Poston
Download or read book Response of Lake Trout and Rainbow Trout to Dietary Cellulose written by Hugh A. Poston and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Amino Acid Metabolism and Requirement in Teleost During Their Early Life Stages and Implications in Fish Formulated Diets by : Yongfang Zhang
Download or read book Amino Acid Metabolism and Requirement in Teleost During Their Early Life Stages and Implications in Fish Formulated Diets written by Yongfang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The purposes of this dissertation are to (1) study the utilization of dietary amino acids in teleost fish during early life stages, (2) investigate the effect of indispensible amino acids (IDAA) imbalanced diets on young teleosts in terms of their growth and the concentrations of whole body (or muscle) free amino acids. In the first set of experiments, we evaluated the utilization of synthetic dipeptide-based, FAA-based diets in early life stages of stomachless (common carp), or stomach possessing-fish (rainbow trout or pacu). A live feed organism (Artemia salina nauplii) or casein-gelatin-based diet was used as protein control. Our results demonstrated that synthetic dipeptide-based diets but not FAA-base diet can sustain young rainbow trout and pacu optimal growth. On the contrary, neither synthetic-base or FAA-based diets can be utilized by common carp larvae. In another set of experiments, we examined the effect of IDAA-imbalanced diets on juvenile teleost, and tested IDAA imbalance/complementary feeding strategy. In the experiment 1, juvenile midas (Amphilophus citrinellum) were fed with one of the four diets. They were: casein-gelatin-based diet (protein control), free amino acid-based diet (FAA control), and two IDAA-imbalanced diets, ( - )Lys (Lys, His, Ile, Phe and Trp were omitted) and ( - )Arg diet (Arg, Thr, Val, Leu and Met were missing). We found that fish fed with IDAA deficient diets had significantly lower mean weights than fish fed the FAA-based or protein-based diets after 16 days. However, these former groups of fish had significantly higher instantaneous feed intake than the fish fed the protein-based diet. In the experiment 2, juvenile midas were provided with IDAA-imbalanced diets using several different feeding strategies. The principle was that within a 2-day frame, all fish got the same amount of dietary IDAA. The results showed that juvenile midas body weight gain, calculated on the weekly basis, improved significantly in all imbalanced/complimentary diet treatment groups after 32 days of feeding. We concluded that there was no anorectic response to IDAA deficient diets in juvenile midas. The sequential use of disproportionate AA diets may be a useful strategy to eliminate the negative effect of IDAAs deficient diets (plant proteins-based) in fish growth.
Book Synopsis Physiological Mechanisms of Nutritional Adaptation to Plant Protein Diets by Selective Breeding in Rainbow Trout by : Andreas Brezas
Download or read book Physiological Mechanisms of Nutritional Adaptation to Plant Protein Diets by Selective Breeding in Rainbow Trout written by Andreas Brezas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selected rainbow trout strain was used as a model to identify physiological parameters associated with improved performance when fed all plant-protein feed. Results from a digestibility trial showed that selection had no measurable effect on apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients in the all plant-protein or a conventional fishmeal-based diet. While this result validated apparent digestibility as an evaluation tool for ingredient and diet quality, it demonstrated that other physiological mechanisms are responsible for the improved performance of the selected strain when fed an all plant-protein, high-soy diet. A subsequent experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects that alternate protein ingredients and plant protein mixtures with or without amino acid supplementation have on trout digestive physiology. Results from temporal plasma amino acids measurements at the absorption site (hepatic portal vein) and from the systemic blood (caudal vein) demonstrated that plasma amino acid level in the hepatic portal vein, measured at intervals following a single meal, are a valuable tool to evaluate the effects of candidate alternate proteins on fish digestive physiology. The findings showed that each ingredient affects digestive physiology of the fish in a singular manner when ingredients are fed individually. However, they do not have any predictable additive effect when fed together as a mixture. Moreover, the addition of crystalline amino acids to an all-plant protein mixture altered the plasma concentrations of all the amino acids as it did for uptake reflected in the hepatic portal vein. A major finding in the study was that the selected trout strain fed the plant protein mixture with amino acid supplementation showed a noteworthy difference compared to an unselected strain, specifically, a synchronous and homogenous decreasing pattern for all the essential amino acids over time in the hepatic portal vein. This indicates that homogeneous dietary amino acid uptake in the hepatic portal vein and rapid postprandial plasma amino acid disappearance are results of nutritional adaptation driven by selection for growth on and tolerance of all-plant protein diet. Results from gene expression of amino acid transporters, cholecystokinin and genes related with protein and amino acid metabolism supported the findings from the plasma amino acids. In conclusion, the results of the research described in this dissertation demonstrated that improved performance of the selected trout strain is associated with synchronous protein digestion of the plant protein mixture and synchronization of amino acid absorption leading to improved amino acid availability and utilization.
Book Synopsis Eating Quality of Rainbow Trout by : Lisbeth Johansson
Download or read book Eating Quality of Rainbow Trout written by Lisbeth Johansson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feeding and Growth Rate Tables for Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Derived from Fitting the Ursin-Sparre Growth Model by :
Download or read book Feeding and Growth Rate Tables for Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Derived from Fitting the Ursin-Sparre Growth Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tables presented in this paper give the maximum ratio required by rainbow trout of a given mean weight and at a specified rearing temperature, and the growth rate that should result from feeding under those conditions. The paper explains the method of deriving the tables, which used a model-based approach and fitted the model to two data sets representative of Canadian and Scandinavian conditions. The paper describes the growth trials conducted for the two data sets and demonstrates how the model reflects both the ration and the growth rates. The fitted model is used to tabulate feeding rates for a number of aquaculture management protocols besides maximum ration. Examples are given of how to use the tables to predict food requirements and the growth resulting from a management strategy. A computer program listing for generating the tables is included.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Diet Composition and Ration on Biotransformation Enzymes and Stress Parameters in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss by : Michelle Dayna Morrow
Download or read book The Effects of Diet Composition and Ration on Biotransformation Enzymes and Stress Parameters in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss written by Michelle Dayna Morrow and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving and Characterizing the Nutritive Value of Feather Meal Using Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) as a Biological Model by : Guillaume Pfeuti
Download or read book Improving and Characterizing the Nutritive Value of Feather Meal Using Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) as a Biological Model written by Guillaume Pfeuti and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feather meal (FeM) is a high-protein and cost-effective feed ingredient, made from the steam-hydrolysis of keratin waste products generated by the animal processing industry. Keratins are composed of ~90% indigestible protein highly cross-linked with disulphide bridges. Steam-hydrolysis promotes the disruption of disulphide, peptide, and hydrogen bonds, allowing peptides to become digestible and amino acids absorbable. The variability of the nutritional value of FeM is the result of the use of different raw materials and processing conditions during the production of this ingredient. Variations of heat processing conditions create disparities of disulphide conformers, D-amino acids, and cross-linked amino acids contents, and these affect the nutritional value of protein ingredients. Better understanding of the chemical interactions occurring during the processing of FeM would enable the development of methods to improve and estimate the nutritional value of this ingredient, which could assure the quality of FeM to feed stakeholders. FeMs were hydrolyzed using a novel enzymatic pre-treatment with the aim of better understanding the effects of peptide and disulphide bonds on the digestibility of amino acids and bioavailability of test amino acids (arginine) in this ingredient by rainbow trout. In a first study, a bench-scale trial was carried out to determine the potential of incubating FeM with sodium sulfite and proteases to cleave disulphide and peptide bonds, respectively. Subsequently, a pre-treatment to improve the nutritional value of FeMs was developed. In a second study, the bioavailability of arginine in two FeMs and in their pre-treated counterpart (PTFeM) were assessed through a growth trial using rainbow trout. In follow up studies, the apparent digestibility of amino acids in the same FeMs and PTFeMs were assessed in rainbow trout. The disulphide and cross-linked amino acid contents in the four ingredients were quantified in an attempt to determine the factors affecting their digestibility and bioavailability. Results from this thesis demonstrate that a simple treatment targeting the disruption of disulphide and peptide bonds effectively improves the bioavailability of arginine and the digestibility of amino acids in FeMs. Furthermore, this thesis gives insight on the effect of structural and chemical characteristics of protein on the nutritional value of FeM.
Book Synopsis Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, Richardson by : Allan James Castledine
Download or read book Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, Richardson written by Allan James Castledine and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
