Focus Evaluativity And Antonymy

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Focus, Evaluativity, and Antonymy

Author : Sam Alxatib
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030378063
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Focus, Evaluativity, and Antonymy by : Sam Alxatib

Download or read book Focus, Evaluativity, and Antonymy written by Sam Alxatib and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uncovers properties of focus association with 'only' by examining the interaction between the particle and bare (or “evaluative”) gradable terms. Its empirical building blocks are paradigms involving upward-scalar terms like 'few' and 'rarely', and their downward-scalar antonyms 'many' and 'frequently', an area that has not been studied previously in the literature. The empirical claim is that associations of the former type give rise to unexpected readings, and the proposed theoretical explanation draws on the properties of the latter type of association. In presenting the details, the book deconstructs the so-called scalar presupposition of 'only' and derives it from constraints against its vacuous use. This view is then combined with a semantics of the evaluative adjectives 'many' and 'few' to explain why the unavailable (but expected) meanings of the given constructions are unavailable. The attested (but unexpected) readings of 'only+few/rarely' associations are derived from independently motivated LFs in which the degree expressions are existentially closed. Finally, the book provides new findings, based on the core proposal, about 'only if' constructions, and about the interaction between 'only' and other upward-scalar modified numerals (comparatives, and 'at most'). The book thus provides new data and a new theoretical view of the semantic properties of 'only', and connects it to the semantics of gradable expressions.

Formal approaches to number in Slavic and beyond

Author : Mojmír Dočekal
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3961103143
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (611 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal approaches to number in Slavic and beyond by : Mojmír Dočekal

Download or read book Formal approaches to number in Slavic and beyond written by Mojmír Dočekal and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this collective monograph is to explore the relationship between the cognitive notion of number and various grammatical devices expressing this concept in natural language with a special focus on Slavic. The book aims at investigating different morphosyntactic and semantic categories including plurality and number-marking, individuation and countability, cumulativity, distributivity and collectivity, numerals, numeral modifiers and classifiers, as well as other quantifiers. It gathers 19 contributions tackling the main themes from different theoretical and methodological perspectives in order to contribute to our understanding of cross-linguistic patterns both in Slavic and non-Slavic languages.

The Semantics of Evaluativity

Author : Jessica Rett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199602484
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Semantics of Evaluativity by : Jessica Rett

Download or read book The Semantics of Evaluativity written by Jessica Rett and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the semantic phenomenon of evaluativity and its consequences across constructions. Evaluativity has traditionally been associated exclusively with the positive construction, a term for sentences with a gradable adjective but with no overt degree morphology. John is tall is evaluative because it entails that John is tall relative to a contextually valued standard. John is taller than Sue and John is as tall as Sue are not evaluative because both could be used even if John and Sue were short. Previous accounts of evaluativity have assumed that it is not part of the inherent meaning of adjectives, but is contributed by a null morpheme. Jessica Rett argues against this analysis, proposing that no null morpheme is required. Instead, evaluativity is explained on the basis of assumptions that speakers and hearers make about the relationship between the simplicity of a situation and the simplicity of the language used to describe that situation; the analysis is couched in recent approaches to Gricean conversational implicature.

Semantics - Lexical Structures and Adjectives

Author : Claudia Maienborn
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110623137
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Semantics - Lexical Structures and Adjectives by : Claudia Maienborn

Download or read book Semantics - Lexical Structures and Adjectives written by Claudia Maienborn and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover vital research on the lexical and cognitive meanings of words. In this exciting book from a team of world-class researchers, in-depth articles explain a wide range of topics, including thematic roles, sense relation, ambiguity and comparison. The authors focus on the cognitive and conceptual structure of words and their meaning extensions such as coercion, metaphors and metonymies. The book features highly cited material – available in paperback for the first time since its publication – and is an essential starting point for anyone interested in lexical semantics, especially where it meets other cognitive and conceptual research.

Evaluation Thesaurus

Author : Michael Scriven
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9780803943643
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation Thesaurus by : Michael Scriven

Download or read book Evaluation Thesaurus written by Michael Scriven and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1991-08-27 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the leaders in evaluation, Evaluation Thesaurus, Fourth Edition, provides readers with a quick analysis of the leading concepts, positions, acronyms, processes, techniques, and checklists in the field of evaluation. Containing nearly 2000 entries, Michael Scriven's thesaurus offers professionals and students a guide for understanding the relation of evaluation to the doctrine of value-free social science, ways to integrate the parts of multi-dimensional evaluations into an overall rating, the realities of evaluation consulting, and techniques for the use of spreadsheets in qualitative evaluation.

Particles in German, English, and Beyond

Author : Remus Gergel
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027257671
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Particles in German, English, and Beyond by : Remus Gergel

Download or read book Particles in German, English, and Beyond written by Remus Gergel and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germanic languages have been recognized as having not only intensifying or focus particles, but also so-called modal particles. The relevant items are specialized discourse markers joined by characteristic syntactic properties. After an introductory overview of the complex field, the contributions of the current volume capitalize on, but also work much further beyond the baseline of the established insights. They offer analyses of (a) new data types within and sometimes across several Germanic languages (e.g. varieties/stages of German, Dutch, or Norwegian), encompassing different classes of particles and a variety of syntactic-semantic as well as usage-based aspects; (b) the classical dichotomy between languages like German and English when it comes to the availability of modal particles both synchronically and diachronically; (c) crucial integrated insight from non-Germanic languages such as French, Hungarian, Italian, Mandarin, or Vietnamese. A number of mostly interface-based proposals of several languages as well as further generalizations are put on the table for both expert and novice readers in the field.

Current Studies in Slavic Linguistics

Author : Irina Kor Chahine
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027270961
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Studies in Slavic Linguistics by : Irina Kor Chahine

Download or read book Current Studies in Slavic Linguistics written by Irina Kor Chahine and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2013-12-15 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents an overview of current research on Slavic linguistics in Europe and North America based on selected papers presented during the 6th Annual Meeting of the Slavic Linguistics Society (September 1-3, 2011, Aix-en-Provence, France). It includes topics across a range of linguistic fields (morphosyntax, syntax, and semantics) and discussions on specific aspects of Slavic languages within a typological perspective. All the papers illustrate a range of approaches, and each paper presents rigorous analysis of a set of Slavic data within the context of various models and aspects of language. While the main focus of the collection is impersonal constructions in Slavic languages, the book also includes morphological topics, such as reflexives, antipassive and evidential markers, syntactical relations with zero sign, auxiliary verbs and subordinate clauses, and semantics of nouns, adverbs and adjectives. The volume will be of interest to all scholars studying Slavic languages as well as those interested in general linguistics and linguistic typology.

Insight into Fuzzy Modeling

Author : Vilém Novák
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119193184
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Insight into Fuzzy Modeling by : Vilém Novák

Download or read book Insight into Fuzzy Modeling written by Vilém Novák and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a unique and methodologically consistent treatment of various areas of fuzzy modeling and includes the results of mathematical fuzzy logic and linguistics This book is the result of almost thirty years of research on fuzzy modeling. It provides a unique view of both the theory and various types of applications. The book is divided into two parts. The first part contains an extensive presentation of the theory of fuzzy modeling. The second part presents selected applications in three important areas: control and decision-making, image processing, and time series analysis and forecasting. The authors address the consistent and appropriate treatment of the notions of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic and their applications. They provide two complementary views of the methodology, which is based on fuzzy IF-THEN rules. The first, more traditional method involves fuzzy approximation and the theory of fuzzy relations. The second method is based on a combination of formal fuzzy logic and linguistics. A very important topic covered for the first time in book form is the fuzzy transform (F-transform). Applications of this theory are described in separate chapters and include image processing and time series analysis and forecasting. All of the mentioned components make this book of interest to students and researchers of fuzzy modeling as well as to practitioners in industry. Features: Provides a foundation of fuzzy modeling and proposes a thorough description of fuzzy modeling methodology Emphasizes fuzzy modeling based on results in linguistics and formal logic Includes chapters on natural language and approximate reasoning, fuzzy control and fuzzy decision-making, and image processing using the F-transform Discusses fuzzy IF-THEN rules for approximating functions, fuzzy cluster analysis, and time series forecasting Insight into Fuzzy Modeling is a reference for researchers in the fields of soft computing and fuzzy logic as well as undergraduate, master and Ph.D. students. Vilém Novák, D.Sc. is Full Professor and Director of the Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. Irina Perfilieva, Ph.D. is Full Professor, Senior Scientist, and Head of the Department of Theoretical Research at the Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. Antonín Dvorák, Ph.D. is Associate Professor, and Senior Scientist at the Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.

Social Cognition

Author : Susan Fiske
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351739646
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Cognition by : Susan Fiske

Download or read book Social Cognition written by Susan Fiske and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces—extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical contributions. Susan T. Fiske has an international reputation as an eminent scholar and pioneer in the field of social cognition. Throughout her distinguished career, she has investigated how people make sense of other people, using shortcuts that reveal prejudices and stereotypes. Her research in particular addresses how these biases are encouraged or discouraged by social relationships, such as cooperation, competition, and power. In 2013, she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and, in 2011, to the British Academy. She has also won several scientific honours, including the Guggenheim Fellowship, the APA Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, the APS William James Fellow Award, as well as the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations Wundt-James Award and honorary degrees in Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland. This collection of selected publications illustrates the foundations of modern social cognition research and its development in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. In a specially written introductory chapter, Fiske traces the key advances in social cognition throughout her career, and so this book will be invaluable reading for students and researchers in social cognition, person perception, and intergroup bias.

Interactions of Degree and Quantification

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004431519
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Interactions of Degree and Quantification by :

Download or read book Interactions of Degree and Quantification written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-06-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions of Degree and Quantification examines connections and semantic parallels between individual and degree quantifiers in the expression of quantity and measurement in human language.

Antonyms in English

Author : Steven Jones
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521761794
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)

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Book Synopsis Antonyms in English by : Steven Jones

Download or read book Antonyms in English written by Steven Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of antonyms in English, offering a model of how we mentally organize concepts and perceive contrasts between them.

Using Perceived Risk as a Mediator Between Product/service Features and Evaluative Judgment

Author : David Eugene Hartman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Using Perceived Risk as a Mediator Between Product/service Features and Evaluative Judgment by : David Eugene Hartman

Download or read book Using Perceived Risk as a Mediator Between Product/service Features and Evaluative Judgment written by David Eugene Hartman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Flexible Query Answering Systems

Author : Henrik Legind Larsen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642407692
Total Pages : 708 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Flexible Query Answering Systems by : Henrik Legind Larsen

Download or read book Flexible Query Answering Systems written by Henrik Legind Larsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems, FQAS 2013, held in Granada, Spain, in September 2013. The 59 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in a general session train and a parallel special session track. The general session train covers the following topics: querying-answering systems; semantic technology; patterns and classification; personalization and recommender systems; searching and ranking; and Web and human-computer interaction. The special track covers some specific and, typically, newer fields, namely: environmental scanning for strategic early warning; generating linguistic descriptions of data; advances in fuzzy querying and fuzzy databases: theory and applications; fusion and ensemble techniques for online learning on data streams; and intelligent information extraction from texts.

Modification

Author : Marcin Morzycki
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107009758
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Modification by : Marcin Morzycki

Download or read book Modification written by Marcin Morzycki and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible guide to the linguistic semantics of adjectives, adverbs, gradability, vagueness, comparatives, and modification more generally.

Weak Island Semantics

Author : Márta Abrusán
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191664987
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Weak Island Semantics by : Márta Abrusán

Download or read book Weak Island Semantics written by Márta Abrusán and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a novel semantic account of weak, or selective, islands. Weak islands are configurations that block the displacement of certain elements in a sentence. Examples of island violations with acceptable counterexamples include '#How much wine haven't you drunk?' (but 'Which girl haven't you introduced to Mary?'), '#How does John regret that he danced at the party?' (but 'Who does John regret that he invited to the party?') or '#How much wine do you know whether you will produce?' (but 'Which glass of wine do you know whether you'll poison?'). For forty years or more, explanations of the unacceptability of these island constructions have been syntactic. Syntactic accounts have also provided some of the key empirical motivation for Chomsky's claim that universal grammar (UG) contains language independent abstract syntactic constraints. But syntactic accounts, however subtle, fail to explain why many weak island violations are made almost acceptable by modals and attitude verbs, as in 'How much wine aren't you allowed to drink?'; 'How fast do you hope Lewis didn't drive?'; or 'How does Romeo regret he was allowed to go to the party?' Dr Abrusán considers which contexts and expressions create - or are sensitive to - weak island violations, and examines the factors that go some way to curing them. She puts forward a semantic analysis to account for the unacceptability of violations of negative, presuppositional, quantificational and wh-islands. She explains why grammaticality violations can be obviated by certain modal expressions, and why and how far the grammaticality judgments of speakers depend on the context of the utterance. The book argues that there is no need to assume abstract syntactic rules in order to derive these facts; rather, they can be made to follow from independent semantic principles. If correct, this work has a fundamental consequence for the field of linguistics in general: it removes some of the most important reasons for postulating abstract syntactic rules as part of UG, and hence weakens the arguments for postulating a module of UG.

Antonyms in English

Author : Steven Jones
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110737653X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Antonyms in English by : Steven Jones

Download or read book Antonyms in English written by Steven Jones and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of antonyms (or 'opposites') in a language can provide important insight into word meaning and discourse structures. This book provides an extensive investigation of antonyms in English and offers an innovative model of how we mentally organize concepts and how we perceive contrasts between them. The authors use corpus and experimental methods to build a theoretical picture of the antonym relation, its status in the mind and its construal in context. Evidence is drawn from natural antonym use in speech and writing, first-language antonym acquisition, and controlled elicitation and judgements of antonym pairs by native speakers. The book also proposes ways in which a greater knowledge of how antonyms work can be applied to the fields of language technology and lexicography.

On Goodness

Author : David Conan Wolfsdorf
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190688505
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis On Goodness by : David Conan Wolfsdorf

Download or read book On Goodness written by David Conan Wolfsdorf and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Goodness attempts to answer the question "What is goodness?" It is natural to associate this question with ethics; but goodness is not confined to ethics. Water and wine, a strategy for streamlining maintenance operations, and an oil painting may all be good and in non-ethical ways. Goodness figures prominently in ethics; so the study serves ethics. But it serves other domains as well. On Goodness is a contribution to the foundations of value theory. It is also a metaphysical inquiry, for two reasons. As the examples indicate, the entity under investigation is extremely general. Goodness occurs in potables, plans, and paintings, among countless other kinds of things. Second, it is particularly obscure what sort of being the entity is. Besides the description "good," is there a single thing that good drinks, strategies, and artworks share? Is their goodness related in a more complex way? And regardless of these relations, in any instance, just what is that goodness? The question "What is goodness?" has been central to philosophy since Socrates and Plato made it their polestar. The distinctive contribution of On Goodness lies in its methodology. The method of pursuing the metaphysical question is linguistic. The basic proposal is that achieving the answer depends on clarifying the meaning and use of the words "good" and "goodness." Consequently, the study is pervasively informed by and critically engaged with contemporary linguistic theories and ideas.