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Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming Enabling Organic High Level Waste Disposal
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Book Synopsis FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMING ENABLING ORGANIC HIGH LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL. by :
Download or read book FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMING ENABLING ORGANIC HIGH LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL. written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste streams planned for generation by the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) and existing radioactive High Level Waste (HLW) streams containing organic compounds such as the Tank 48H waste stream at Savannah River Site have completed simulant and radioactive testing, respectfully, by Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). GNEP waste streams will include up to 53 wt% organic compounds and nitrates up to 56 wt%. Decomposition of high nitrate streams requires reducing conditions, e.g. provided by organic additives such as sugar or coal, to reduce NOX in the off-gas to N2 to meet Clean Air Act (CAA) standards during processing. Thus, organics will be present during the waste form stabilization process regardless of the GNEP processes utilized and exists in some of the high level radioactive waste tanks at Savannah River Site and Hanford Tank Farms, e.g. organics in the feed or organics used for nitrate destruction. Waste streams containing high organic concentrations cannot be stabilized with the existing HLW Best Developed Available Technology (BDAT) which is HLW vitrification (HLVIT) unless the organics are removed by pretreatment. The alternative waste stabilization pretreatment process of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) operates at moderate temperatures (650-750 C) compared to vitrification (1150-1300 C). The FBSR process has been demonstrated on GNEP simulated waste and radioactive waste containing high organics from Tank 48H to convert organics to CAA compliant gases, create no secondary liquid waste streams and create a stable mineral waste form.
Book Synopsis FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMING (FBSR) OF HIGH LEVEL WASTE (HLW) ORGANIC AND NITRATE DESTRUCTION PRIOR TO VITRIFICATION by :
Download or read book FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMING (FBSR) OF HIGH LEVEL WASTE (HLW) ORGANIC AND NITRATE DESTRUCTION PRIOR TO VITRIFICATION written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over a decade ago, an in-tank precipitation process to remove Cs-137 from radioactive high level waste (HLW) supernates was demonstrated at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The full scale demonstration with actual HLW was performed in SRS Tank 48 (T48). Sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) was added to enable Cs-137 extraction as CsTPB. The CsTPB, an organic, and its decomposition products proved to be problematic for subsequent processing of the Cs-137 precipitate in the SRS HLW vitrification facility for ultimate disposal in a HLW repository. Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) is being considered as a technology for destroying the organics and nitrates in the T48 waste to render it compatible with subsequent HLW vitrification. During FBSR processing the T48 waste is converted into organic-free and nitrate-free carbonate-based minerals which are water soluble. The soluble nature of the carbonate-based minerals allows them to be dissolved and pumped to the vitrification facility or returned to the tank farm for future vitrification. The initial use of the FBSR process for T48 waste was demonstrated with simulated waste in 2003 at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) using a specially designed sealed crucible test that reproduces the FBSR pyrolysis reactions, i.e. carbonate formation, organic and nitrate destruction. This was followed by pilot scale testing of simulants at the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) Science & Technology Application Research (STAR) Center in Idaho Falls, ID by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and SRNL in 2003-4 and then engineering scale demonstrations by THOR{reg_sign} Treatment Technologies (TTT) and SRS/SRNL at the Hazen Research, Inc. (HRI) test facility in Golden, CO in 2006 and 2008. Radioactive sealed crucible testing with real T48 waste was performed at SRNL in 2008, and radioactive Benchscale Steam Reformer (BSR) testing was performed in the SRNL Shielded Cell Facility (SCF) in 2008.
Book Synopsis Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming of Hanford LAW Using THORsm Mineralizing Technology by :
Download or read book Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming of Hanford LAW Using THORsm Mineralizing Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) documented, in 2002, a plan for accelerating cleanup of the Hanford Site, located in southeastern Washington State, by at least 35 years. A key element of the plan was acceleration of the tank waste program and completion of ''tank waste treatment by 2028 by increasing the capacity of the planned Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) and using supplemental technologies for waste treatment and immobilization.'' The plan identified steam reforming technology as a candidate for supplemental treatment of as much as 70% of the low-activity waste (LAW). Mineralizing steam reforming technology, offered by THOR Treatment Technologies, LLC would produce a denitrated, granular mineral waste form using a high-temperature fluidized bed process. A pilot scale demonstration of the technology was completed in a 15-cm-diameter reactor vessel. The pilot scale facility was equipped with a highly efficient cyclone separator and heated sintered metal filters for particulate removal, a thermal oxidizer for reduced gas species and NOx destruction, and a packed activated carbon bed for residual volatile species capture. The pilot scale equipment is owned by the DOE, but located at the Science and Technology Applications Research (STAR) Center in Idaho Falls, ID. Pilot scale testing was performed August 2-5, 2004. Flowsheet chemistry and operational parameters were defined through a collaborative effort involving Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), and THOR Treatment Technologies personnel. Science Application International Corporation, owners of the STAR Center, personnel performed actual pilot scale operation. The pilot scale test achieved a total of 68.7 hrs of cumulative/continuous processing operation before termination in response to a bed de-fluidization condition. 178 kg of LAW surrogate were processed that resulted in 148 kg of solid product, a mass reduction of about 17%. The process achieved essentially complete bed turnover within approximately 40 hours. Samples of mineralized solid product materials were analyzed for chemical/physical properties. SRNL will report separately the results of product performance testing that were accomplished.
Book Synopsis FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMING FOR TREATMENT AND IMMOBILIZATION OF LOW-ACTIVITY WASTE. by :
Download or read book FLUIDIZED BED STEAM REFORMING FOR TREATMENT AND IMMOBILIZATION OF LOW-ACTIVITY WASTE. written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is one of four reports written to provide background information regarding immobilization technologies remaining under consideration for supplemental immobilization of Hanford's low-activity waste. This paper provides the reader a general understanding of fluidized bed steam reforming and its possible application to treat and immobilize Hanford low-activity waste.
Download or read book Wu-chia-yü-lu written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization by : Rehab O. Abdel Rahman
Download or read book Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization written by Rehab O. Abdel Rahman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cementitious materials are an essential part in any radioactive waste disposal facility. Conditioning processes such as cementation are used to convert waste into a stable solid form that is insoluble and will prevent dispersion to the surrounding environment. It is incredibly important to understand the long-term behavior of these materials. This book summarises approaches and current practices in use of cementitious materials for nuclear waste immobilisation. It gives a unique description of the most important aspects of cements as nuclear waste forms: starting with a description of wastes, analyzing the cementitious systems used for immobilization and describing the technologies used, and ending with analysis of cementitious waste forms and their long term behavior in an envisaged disposal environment. Extensive research has been devoted to study the feasibility of using cement or cement based materials in immobilizing and solidifying different radioactive wastes. However, these research results are scattered. This work provides the reader with both the science and technology of the immobilization process, and the cementitious materials used to immobilize nuclear waste. It summarizes current knowledge in the field, and highlights important areas that need more investigation. The chapters include: Introduction, Portland cement, Alternative cements, Cement characterization and testing, Radioactive waste cementation, Waste cementation technology, Cementitious wasteform durability and performance assessment.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :948 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2013: Dept. of Energy FY 2013 justifications by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2013: Dept. of Energy FY 2013 justifications written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap by : National Research Council
Download or read book Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-06-21 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the Manhattan Project and continuing through the Cold War, the United States government constructed and operated a massive industrial complex to produce and test nuclear weapons and related technologies. When the Cold War ended, most of this complex was shut down permanently or placed on standby, and the United States government began a costly, long-term effort to clean up the materials, wastes, and environmental contamination resulting from its nuclear materials production. In 1989, Congress created the Office of Environmental Management (EM) within the Department of Energy (DOE) to manage this cleanup effort. Although EM has already made substantial progress, the scope of EM's future cleanup work is enormous. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges provides advice to support the development of a cleanup technology roadmap for EM. The book identifies existing technology gaps and their priorities, strategic opportunities to leverage needed research and development programs with other organizations, needed core capabilities, and infrastructure at national laboratories and EM sites that should be maintained, all of which are necessary to accomplish EM's mission.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :948 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2013 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2013 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :648 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2011: 2011 Congressional budget justifications: FERC; U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board; Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2011: 2011 Congressional budget justifications: FERC; U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board; Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :804 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2009 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2009 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :616 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2012: FERC; Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board; NRC; Appalachian Regional Comission; Delta Regional Authority; Denali Commission by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2012: FERC; Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board; NRC; Appalachian Regional Comission; Delta Regional Authority; Denali Commission written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2010, Part 4, 111-1 Hearings, * by :
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2010, Part 4, 111-1 Hearings, * written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics by : John Scheirs
Download or read book Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics written by John Scheirs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. This book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic/waste oil, waste plastics/coal, and waste plastics/rubber.
Book Synopsis Fluidized-Bed Reactors: Processes and Operating Conditions by : John G. Yates
Download or read book Fluidized-Bed Reactors: Processes and Operating Conditions written by John G. Yates and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluidized-bed reactor is the centerpiece of industrial fluidization processes. This book focuses on the design and operation of fluidized beds in many different industrial processes, emphasizing the rationale for choosing fluidized beds for each particular process. The book starts with a brief history of fluidization from its inception in the 1940’s. The authors present both the fluid dynamics of gas-solid fluidized beds and the extensive experimental studies of operating systems and they set them in the context of operating processes that use fluid-bed reactors. Chemical engineering students and postdocs as well as practicing engineers will find great interest in this book.
Book Synopsis Fluidized Bed Technologies for Near-Zero Emission Combustion and Gasification by : Fabrizio Scala
Download or read book Fluidized Bed Technologies for Near-Zero Emission Combustion and Gasification written by Fabrizio Scala and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 1091 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluidized bed (FB) combustion and gasification are advanced techniques for fuel flexible, high efficiency and low emission conversion. Fuels are combusted or gasified as a fluidized bed suspended by jets with sorbents that remove harmful emissions such as SOx. CO2 capture can also be incorporated. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification provides an overview of established FB technologies while also detailing recent developments in the field.Part one, an introductory section, reviews fluidization science and FB technologies and includes chapters on particle characterization and behaviour, properties of stationary and circulating fluidized beds, heat and mass transfer and attrition in FB combustion and gasification systems. Part two expands on this introduction to explore the fundamentals of FB combustion and gasification including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, pollutant emission and reactor design and scale up. Part three highlights recent advances in a variety of FB combustion and gasification technologies before part four moves on to focus on emerging CO2 capture technologies. Finally, part five explores other applications of FB technology including (FB) petroleum refining and chemical production.Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems and researchers, scientists and academics in the field. - Examines the fundamentals of fluidized bed (FB) technologies, including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels - Explores recent advances in a variety of technologies such as pressurized FB combustion, and the measurement, monitoring and control of FB combustion and gasification - Discusses emerging technologies and examines applications of FB in other processes
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :648 pages Book Rating :4.E/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2011: 2011 Congressional budget justification by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2011: 2011 Congressional budget justification written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
