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Flow Decay Impaired Flow In Nitrogen Tetroxide Propulsion Systems Caused By Corrosion Product Deposits
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Book Synopsis Flow Decay: Impaired Flow in Nitrogen Tetroxide Propulsion Systems Caused by Corrosion Product Deposits by :
Download or read book Flow Decay: Impaired Flow in Nitrogen Tetroxide Propulsion Systems Caused by Corrosion Product Deposits written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow decay is defined as a condition of impaired flow in nitrogen tetroxide propulsion systems caused by the deposition or the accumulation of stainless-steel corrosion products in small valve orifices or in filters. These corrosion productions take the form of either a solid or a second liquid phase, the latter being variously described as very viscous or gelatinous. Both types of deposit are derived from iron nitrate, the solid being assignable the chemical formula NOFe(NO3)4, the liquid being a complex mixture derived from the interaction of iron nitrate and water. Both are soluble in the nitrogen tetroxide, but only at a level of a few parts per million (as iron). Their presence in the propellant and their deposition is a function of the water equivalent level of the propellant and the temperature and pressure profiles which the propellant encounters before and during flow. In general, the deposition will occur whenever propellant has been cooled just prior to or during flow and this change in temperature required for deposition may be as low as 3 to 5 F.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Tetroxide Corrosion Products by : E. F. Cain
Download or read book Nitrogen Tetroxide Corrosion Products written by E. F. Cain and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study of the phenomenon of flow decay, begun on earlier programs, was continued with a change to MSC PPD-2A propellant (N2O4 + 0.6 percent NO). Flow decay occurs with this propellant, even when dry (less than 0.1-percent water equivalent), as a result of deposits of the solid corrosion product, NOFe(NO3)4. It was found that the presence of excess water in amounts up to the general use limit of 0.2 percent changed the characteristics of the deposits formed when nitrogen tetroxide is heated, then cooled prior to or during flow. Instead of the crystalline solid (NOFe(NO3)4) which is deposited from dry propellant, gelatinous or viscous liquid phases are formed in wet propellant. The appearance of these deposits is governed by an equilibrium solubility limit similar to that observed for the solid deposits in dry propellant. The gelatinous or viscous liquid deposits were not observed to adhere to and plug valves and orifices, as does NOFe(NO3)4, but they did clog filters. Chemical additives previously shown to be effective in dissolving and eliminating NOFe(NO3)4 were not effective against the deposits obtained from wet propellant. Traces of aluminum and titanium were detected in flow decay deposits obtained from flow systems with aluminum and titanium tanks.
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pressurization Systems for Liquid Rockets by : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Download or read book Pressurization Systems for Liquid Rockets written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AIAA 85-1251 - AIAA 85-1299 written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Nitrogen Tetroxide Purification and Component Cleaning Techniques on Alleviation of Flow Decay Problems by : C. M. Moran
Download or read book The Impact of Nitrogen Tetroxide Purification and Component Cleaning Techniques on Alleviation of Flow Decay Problems written by C. M. Moran and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flow decay problem associated with nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) has become an important factor in the design of small, bipropellant propulsion systems. The objective of the program established at JPL has been to alleviate this problem by 1) developing a process to purify NTO to a level of contamination which will minimize the precipitation of iron-contaminated species, and 2) establish component cleaning and passivation procedures which will prevent recontamination of the propellant. While a number of potential methods for purification of nitrogen tetroxide exist, the method employing molecular sieve column treatment appears to offer advantages of simplicity of implementation, relatively low cost, and, at this time, proven capability to operate in the field as well as the laboratory. In general, the molecular sieve adsorption column treatment of mixed oxides of nitrogen (e.g., MON-1 and MON-3) results in little change in nitric (NO) concentration (well within specifications), efficient removal of contaminant iron and other metals, efficient removal of water (i.e., HNO3, and H20) when the column is activated, apparent removal of chloride impurity, and no introduction of deleterious material from leaching of the zeolites employed.
Download or read book Flow Decay written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compound Fe(NO3)3.N2O4 (NO(+)Fe(NO3)4( - )) was previously identified as the principal constituent of deposits responsible for flow-decay of liquid propellant N2O4 in steel systems. In the light of this, an extensive investigation of N2O4 adducts of Fe(NO3)3 has been carried out including synthesis, analysis, vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray studies. The work indicates that the constituent species of the solid adducts Fe(NO3)3(x)N2O4 (where x is typically 1.0-1.5) are NO(+), NO(+) (solvated by NO2 or N2O4), Fe(NO3)4( - ), and N2O4. The behaviour of these adducts has also been studied in HNO3 solution and in HNO3/N2O4 mixtures. The properties of the Fe(NO3)3(x)N2O4/ HNO3/N2O4 system are interpreted in terms of a gross modification of the HNO3/ N2O4 phase diagram by Fe(NO3)3(x)N2O4. A flow apparatus has been constructed so that flow-decay deposit may be collected and its chemical identity and physical form studied as a function of the 'water' (HNO3) content of N2O4 (monitored by H n.m.r.). A number of projected investigations is also discussed.
Book Synopsis Methods for Elimination of Corrosion Products of Nitrogen Tetroxide by : A. E. Axworthy
Download or read book Methods for Elimination of Corrosion Products of Nitrogen Tetroxide written by A. E. Axworthy and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissolution of iron powder and 1018 carbon steel in anhydrous N2O4 at 30 and 50 C was studied. The concentrations of soluble iron reaches a final limit of less than 1 ppm in terms of iron which indicates that a solubility limit is reached and a completely insoluble film is not formed. The effect of added water was also studied. Solubility studies of the synthetic flow-decay compound NOFe(NO3)4 in freshly distilled, anhydrous, iron-free N2O4, over the temperature range 32 to 100 F, have been conducted. Solubility studies of this iron nitrate in N2O4 in the presence of small concentrations of nitric oxide (0 to 1 w/o) and water (0.1 and 0.5 w/o) have also been conducted. In all cases the solubility has been found to be quite low, on the order of a few ppm in terms of iron concentration. Investigations of appropriate coordinating agents as means of eliminating flow-decay compounds have been conducted. Many reagents of different types have been found which readily dissolve the synthetic iron nitrate. The search for additional reagents is being continued. (Author).
Book Synopsis Engineering Parameters Study of Nitrogen Tetroxide Flow Decay by : R. C. Mitchell
Download or read book Engineering Parameters Study of Nitrogen Tetroxide Flow Decay written by R. C. Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental and analytical program was conducted as a step in a systematic engineering parametric study to establish the necessary engineering criteria for the prediction and prevention of flow decay in operational nitrogen tetroxide systems. Tests were made with both green and red-brown nitrogen tetroxide over ranges of seven other parameters: initial propellant temperature, temperature drop before reaching the test section, time during which the temperature drop is imposed, filter pore size, local velocity through the filter, total volume per unit filter area of propellant passing through the filter during a test, and iron saturation condition.
Book Synopsis Liquid Rocket Metal Tanks and Tank Components by : W. A. Wagner
Download or read book Liquid Rocket Metal Tanks and Tank Components written by W. A. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality by :
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Book Synopsis Copper and Bronze in Art by : David A. Scott
Download or read book Copper and Bronze in Art written by David A. Scott and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a review of 190 years of literature on copper and its alloys. It integrates information on pigments, corrosion and minerals, and discusses environmental conditions, conservation methods, ancient and historical technologies.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Problems and Solutions in Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry by : Alec Groysman
Download or read book Corrosion Problems and Solutions in Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry written by Alec Groysman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-24 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses corrosion problems and their solutions at facilities in the oil refining and petrochemical industry, including cooling water and boiler feed water units. Further, it describes and analyzes corrosion control actions, corrosion monitoring, and corrosion management. Corrosion problems are a perennial issue in the oil refining and petrochemical industry, as they lead to a deterioration of the functional properties of metallic equipment and harm the environment – both of which need to be protected for the sake of current and future generations. Accordingly, this book examines and analyzes typical and atypical corrosion failure cases and their prevention at refineries and petrochemical facilities, including problems with: pipelines, tanks, furnaces, distillation columns, absorbers, heat exchangers, and pumps. In addition, it describes naphthenic acid corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen damages, sulfidic corrosion, microbiologically induced corrosion, erosion-corrosion, and corrosion fatigue occurring at refinery units. At last, fouling, corrosion and cleaning are discussed in this book.
Book Synopsis Amine Unit corrosion in Refineries (EFC 46) by : J.D. Harston
Download or read book Amine Unit corrosion in Refineries (EFC 46) written by J.D. Harston and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corrosion of carbon steels in amine units used for gas treatment in refining operations is a major problem for the petrochemical industry. Maximizing amine unit reliability, together with improving throughput, circulation, and treatment capacity, requires more effective ways of measuring and predicting corrosion rates. However, there has been a lack of data on corrosion. This valuable report helps to remedy this lack of information by summarizing findings from over 30 plants. It covers such amine types as Methyl Diethanolamine (MDEA), Diethanolamine (DEA), Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Di-isopropanolamine (DIPA), and makes recommendations on materials and process parameters to maximize amine unit efficiency and reliability.
Book Synopsis Corrosion atlas : a collection of illustrated case histories. 2. Stainless steels and non-ferrous materials by :
Download or read book Corrosion atlas : a collection of illustrated case histories. 2. Stainless steels and non-ferrous materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Columbia Crew Survival Investigation Report by : Nasa
Download or read book Columbia Crew Survival Investigation Report written by Nasa and published by PDQ Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA commissioned the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) to conduct a thorough review of both the technical and the organizational causes of the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia and her crew on February 1, 2003. The accident investigation that followed determined that a large piece of insulating foam from Columbia's external tank (ET) had come off during ascent and struck the leading edge of the left wing, causing critical damage. The damage was undetected during the mission. The Columbia accident was not survivable. After the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) investigation regarding the cause of the accident was completed, further consideration produced the question of whether there were lessons to be learned about how to improve crew survival in the future. This investigation was performed with the belief that a comprehensive, respectful investigation could provide knowledge that can protect future crews in the worldwide community of human space flight. Additionally, in the course of the investigation, several areas of research were identified that could improve our understanding of both nominal space flight and future spacecraft accidents. This report is the first comprehensive, publicly available accident investigation report addressing crew survival for a human spacecraft mishap, and it provides key information for future crew survival investigations. The results of this investigation are intended to add meaning to the sacrifice of the crew's lives by making space flight safer for all future generations.
Book Synopsis Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines by : Dieter K. Huzel
Download or read book Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines written by Dieter K. Huzel and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
