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Author : Richard Christopher Boland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over a Cobalt Catalyst in a Slurry-bed Reactor written by Richard Christopher Boland and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : K. K. Pant
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030650219
Total Pages : 754 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability written by K. K. Pant and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a two-volume work that offers a unique blend of information on realistic evaluations of catalyst-based synthesis processes using green chemistry principles and the environmental sustainability applications of such processes for biomass conversion, refining, and petrochemical production. The volumes provide a comprehensive resource of state-of-the-art technologies and green chemistry methodologies from researchers, academics, and chemical and manufacturing industrial scientists. The work will be of interest to professors, researchers, and practitioners in clean energy catalysis, green chemistry, chemical engineering and manufacturing, and environmental sustainability. This volume focuses on catalyst synthesis and green chemistry applications for petrochemical and refining processes. While most books on the subject focus on catalyst use for conventional crude, fuel-oriented refineries, this book emphasizes recent transitions to petrochemical refineries with the goal of evaluating how green chemistry applications can produce clean energy through petrochemical industrial means. The majority of the chapters are contributed by industrial researchers and technicians and address various petrochemical processes, including hydrotreating, hydrocracking, flue gas treatment and isomerization catalysts.
Author : André Steynberg
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080472796
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Technology written by André Steynberg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-30 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fischer-Tropsch Technology is a unique book for its state-of-the-art approach to Fischer Tropsch (FT) technology. This book provides an explanation of the basic principles and terminology that are required to understand the application of FT technology. It also contains comprehensive references to patents and previous publications. As the first publication to focus on theory and application, it is a contemporary reference source for students studying chemistry and chemical engineering. Researchers and engineers active in the development of FT technology will also find this book an invaluable source of information. * Is the first publication to cover the theory and application for modern Fischer Tropsch technology * Contains comprehensive knowledge on all aspects relevant to the application of Fischer Tropsch technology* No other publication looks at past, present and future applications
Author : Burtron H. Davis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466555300
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)
Download or read book Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis written by Burtron H. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on a symposium held during the 248th American Chemical Society meeting that focused on use of the Fischer-Tropsch process in producing synthetic fuels. Its contents reflect the four dominant subjects of the meeting: catalyst preparation and activation, catalyst activity and reaction mechanisms, catalyst characterization and related reactions, and topics concerning commercializing the Fischer-Tropsch process. It covers recent developments related to renewable resources and green energy and provides a glimpse of the commercial potential of the Fischer-Tropsch process in synthetic fuel production.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Co/MgO/SiO[sub 2] Fischer-Tropsch catalyst was operated simultaneously with a Cu/ZnO/Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] water-gas-shift catalyst in a slurry reactor for over 400 hours. The process conditions were held constant at a temperature of 240[degrees]C, a pressure of 0.79 MPa, and a 1.1 H[sub 2]/CO feed of 0.065 Nl/min-g.cat. The Fischer-Tropsch activity remained constant at the level predicted by the operation of the Co/MgO/SiO[sub 2] catalyst alone. The water-gas-shift reaction was near equilibrium. The hydrocarbon product distribution of the combined catalyst system was stable and matched that of the CO/MgO/SiO[sub 2] operating alone under similar conditions. The combined catalyst system exhibited a high selectivity to n-alkanes. Neither catalysts's operation appeared to have a detrimental effect on that of the other, showing promise for future option.
Author : Wilson D. Shafer
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303928388X
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D. Shafer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Technology Development for Iron and Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of deuterium on the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis was studied with a precipitated iron catalyst in the slurry phase. Deuterium has been used by several research groups to better understand the mechanism of CO hydrogenation. Inverse (k{sub H}/k{sub D} 1), normal (k{sub H}/k{sub D} 1) and no isotope effect (k{sub H}/k{sub D} = 1) have been reported. The conflicting results are thought to arise because rate of reaction is a combination of kinetic and equilibrium factors. In summary, the presence of boron produced only minor changes on the properties of the cobalt catalyst. In earlier studies, it was shown that the presence of boron made the catalyst less susceptible to poisoning by sulfur. Steady-state supercritical Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was studied in the work using a fixed-bed reactor and an unpromoted Co/SiO2 catalyst. This serves as the baseline for promoted catalyst studies. A pentane-hexane mixture was used as the supercritical solvent. Overall reactor pressure, syngas partial pressure and contact time were kept constant to obtain a valid comparison of the impact of solvent density in the catalytic activity and selectivity. Three different partial pressures of the mixture were chosen based on the density-pressure curve in order to investigate the pressure tuning effect to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis near critical region.
Author : Shiro Watanabe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Bench-scale Studies of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over Iron, Nickel, and Nickel Cobalt Catalysts (Japan) written by Shiro Watanabe and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rate of synthesis gas consumption over a cobalt FischerTropsch catalyst was measured in a well-mixed, continuous-flow, slurry reactor at 220 to 240°C, 0.5 to 1.5 MPa, H2/CO feed ratios of 1.5 to 3.5 and conversions of 7 to 68% of hydrogen and 11 to 73% of carbon monoxide. The inhibiting effect of carbon monoxide was determined quantitatively and a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type equation of the following form was found to best represent the results: -R{sub H{sub 2+Co}} = (a P{sub CO}P{sub H{sub 2}})/(1 + b P{sub CO})2. The apparent activation energy was 93 to 95 kJ/mol. Data from previous studies on cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts are also well correlated with this rate expression.
Author : Robert Becker
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000148203
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Computer-Aided Design of Catalysts written by Robert Becker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an update on recent developments in computer-aided design and modeling of catalysts for a variety of important industrial applications. Key hurdles in catalyst design are different for each application: the modeling frontiers for methane partial oxidation, automotive catalysis,
Author : B. H. Davis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420062573
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis written by B. H. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Cataly
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book An Innovative Catalyst System for Slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of using a mechanical mixture of a Co/MgO/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and a Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 water-gas-shift (WGS) catalyst for hydrocarbon synthesis in a slurry reactor has been established. Such a mixture can combine the superior product distribution from cobalt with the high activity for the WGS reaction characteristic of iron. Weight ratios of Co/MgO/SiO2 to Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 of 0.27 and 0.51 for the two catalysts were studied at 240°C, 0.79 MPa, and in situ H2/CO ratios between 0.8 and 3.0. Each catalyst mixture showed stable Fischer-Tropsch activity for about 400 hours-on-stream at a level comparable to the cobalt catalyst operating alone. The Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited a very slow loss of activity under these conditions, but when operated alone it was stable in a slurry reactor at 200--220°C, 0.79--1.48 MPa, and H2/CO in situ ratios between 1.0 and 2.0. The presence of the water-gas-shift catalyst did not affect the long-term stability of the primary Fischer-Tropsch selectivity, but did increase the extent of secondary reactions, such as l-alkene hydrogenation and isomerization.
Author : James C. Mabry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Utilization of Cobalt Catalyst for High Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor written by James C. Mabry and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research determined that the improved heat transfer characteristics of a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) will allow the use of cobalt catalyst for high temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (HTFT). Cobalt was loaded onto a gamma alumina support, the catalyst was characterized using TPR, BET/BJH, XRD, and PSA to track changes in the catalyst morphology. The reactor was characterized to determine the minimum fluidization velocity and the maximum velocity prior to entering lean phase fluidization with pneumatic transport of the catalyst. The highest minimum fluidization velocity was found to be about 2800 sccm, there was no maximum velocity found for the reactor setup. Once characterized, the reactor was operated at pressures of 145, 217.6, and 290.1 psig, a syngas flow rate of 4000 sccm, and at temperatures of 330 and 350°C. The optimal conditions found in this study were 330°C and 217 psig. At these conditions CO conversion was 83.53% for a single pass. Methane, CO 2 , and light gases (C2-C4) selectivities were at low rates of 31.43, 5.80, and 3.48 % respectively. Alcohol selectivity at these conditions was non-existent. The olefin and wax selectivities were the lowest of the data set at 7.05 and 3.18% respectively. Liquid transportation fuels selectivity was the highest at 56.11%.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book An Innovative Catalyst System for Slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of using a mechanical mixture of a Co/MgO/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and a Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 water-gas-shift (WGS) catalyst for hydrocarbon synthesis in a slurry reactor has been established. Such a mixture can combine the superior product distribution from cobalt with the high activity for the WGS reaction characteristic of iron. Weight ratios of Co/MgO/SiO2 to Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 of 0.27 and 0.51 for the two catalysts were studied at 240°C, 0.79 MPa, and in situ H2/CO ratios between 0.8 and 3.0. Each catalyst mixture showed stable Fischer-Tropsch activity for about 400 hours-on-stream at a level comparable to the cobalt catalyst operating alone. The Cu-ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited a very slow loss of activity under these conditions, but when operated alone it was stable in a slurry reactor at 200--220°C, 0.79--1.48 MPa, and H2/CO in situ ratios between 1.0 and 2.0. The presence of the water-gas-shift catalyst did not affect the long-term stability of the primary Fischer-Tropsch selectivity, but did increase the extent of secondary reactions, such as l-alkene hydrogenation and isomerization.
Author : A. Parmaliana
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080537308
Total Pages : 1005 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion V written by A. Parmaliana and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-09-17 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow. The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable. These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Co/MgO/SiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalyst was operated simultaneously with a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 water-gas-shift catalyst in a slurry reactor for over 400 hours. The process conditions were held constant at a temperature of 240°C, a pressure of 0.79 MPa, and a 1.1 H2/CO feed of 0.065 Nl/min-g.cat. The Fischer-Tropsch activity remained constant at the level predicted by the operation of the Co/MgO/SiO2 catalyst alone. The water-gas-shift reaction was near equilibrium. The hydrocarbon product distribution of the combined catalyst system was stable and matched that of the CO/MgO/SiO2 operating alone under similar conditions. The combined catalyst system exhibited a high selectivity to n-alkanes. Neither catalysts's operation appeared to have a detrimental effect on that of the other, showing promise for future option.
Author : Sol W. Weller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Effect of Operating Variables Upon the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Sol W. Weller and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
