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Firm Specific Exchange Rate Exposure And Employment Adjustment
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Book Synopsis Firm-Specific Exchange Rate Exposure and Employment Adjustment by : Mi Dai
Download or read book Firm-Specific Exchange Rate Exposure and Employment Adjustment written by Mi Dai and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate how firms' exposure to exchange rate shocks affect their employment decisions using a comprehensive firm-level data from China that match employment information with exports by destination and imports by source country. Exposure to exchange rate shocks varies across firms because of firms' different export and import orientation, as well as different distributions of trading partners. We propose a theory-consistent and firm-specific measure of exchange rate exposure to account for both dimensions of heterogeneity and exploit the variations from both sources to identify the impact of exchange rate changes. We find that exchange rate changes significantly affect firm employment by changing their marginal revenue of exports and marginal cost of importing intermediate inputs. Job creation exhibits larger sensitivity to exchange rate changes than job destruction. Also, using firm-specific exchange rate exposure creates more theory-consistent estimation results than using aggregate exchange rate exposure in firm-level studies.
Book Synopsis An International Comparison of Employment Adjustment to Exchange Rate Fluctuations by : Simon M. Burgess
Download or read book An International Comparison of Employment Adjustment to Exchange Rate Fluctuations written by Simon M. Burgess and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper evaluates the response of employment to exchange rate shocks at the industry level for the G-7 countries. Using a simple empirical framework that places little a priori structure on the pattern of response to shocks, we find the data are consistent with the view that employment in European industries, at least France and Germany, is much less influenced by exchange rate shocks and much slower to adjust to long run steady states. The United States, Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy all appear to adjust more quickly. German and Japanese employment are quite insensitive to exchange rate fluctuations, consistent with previous research on output and markup responses to exchange rates.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate, External Orientation of Firms and Wage Adjustment by : Francesco Nucci
Download or read book Exchange Rate, External Orientation of Firms and Wage Adjustment written by Francesco Nucci and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate the effect of exchange rate movements on firm-level wages, using a representative panel of Italian manufacturing firms. We show that the direction and size of wage adjustment is shaped by the international exposure of each firm on both the sale and cost side of the balance sheet, similar to the response of employment documented in (Nucci and Pozzolo, Journal of International Economics 2010; 82: 112.). Through the revenue side, wages tend to rise after a currency depreciation and the effect is more pronounced the higher is the firm's exposure to sales from exports. Through the expenditure side, a depreciation induces a cut in the firm's wages, and the effect is larger the higher is the incidence of imported inputs in total production costs. For a given degree of external orientation, both these effects are larger for firms with a lower market power. Moreover, we document that the effect of exchange rates on wages is shaped by the extent of sectoral import penetration in the domestic market.
Book Synopsis The Real Exchange Rate and Employment in China by : Ms.Ruo Chen
Download or read book The Real Exchange Rate and Employment in China written by Ms.Ruo Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the impact of real exchange rate fluctuations on sectoral and regional employment in China from 1980 to 2008. In contrast to theoretical predictions, employment in both the tradable and non-tradable sectors contracts following a real appreciation. Our results are robust across different sub-samples, levels of sectoral disaggregation, and are more pronounced for regions with higher export exposure. We attribute our findings to the importance of services as intermediate input in exportable production. We test this channel of exchange rate transmission using regional input-output tables linked with employment data at the region-sector level. The results of this paper have important implications for China's labor market adjustment should the Chinese RMB strengthen in the future. To mitigate the costs of short-run labor market adjustment, appropriate demand management and structural reforms in the non-traded sectors should play an important role.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rates and Corporate Performance by : Yakov Amihud
Download or read book Exchange Rates and Corporate Performance written by Yakov Amihud and published by Beard Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reprint of a previously published book. It consists of a series of papers by experts in the field on how the exchange rate volatility of the 1980s affected the financial policies of international firms.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rates and Wages by : Linda S. Goldberg
Download or read book Exchange Rates and Wages written by Linda S. Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of exchange rate fluctuations across the population is an important issue for increasingly globalized economies. Previous studies using industry aggregate data have found differences across industries in the labor market implications of exchange rates, reporting that industry wages are significantly more responsive than industry employment. We offer an explanation for this paradoxical finding. Using Current Population Survey data for 1976 through 1998, we document that the main mechanism for exchange rate effects on wages occurs through job turnover and the strong consequences this has for the wages of workers undergoing such job transitions. By contrast, workers who remain with the same employer experience little if any wage impacts from exchange rate shocks. In addition, we find that the least educated workers who also have the most frequent job changes shoulder the largest adjustments to exchange rates.
Book Synopsis A Re-examination of Exchange Rate Exposure by : Kathryn M. E. Dominguez
Download or read book A Re-examination of Exchange Rate Exposure written by Kathryn M. E. Dominguez and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finance theory suggests that changes in exchange rates should have little influence on asset prices in a world that has become increasingly with integrated capital markets. Indeed, the existing literature examining the relationship between international stock prices and exchange rates finds little evidence of systematic exchange rate exposure. We argue in this paper that the absence of evidence may be due to restrictions imposed on the sample of data and the empirical specifications used in previous studies. We study a broad sample of firms in eight countries over an eighteen-year period. We find that firm-level and industry-level share values are significantly influenced by exchange rates. Further, we do not find evidence that exchange rate exposure is falling (or becoming less statistically significant) over time. Our results suggest that significant firm, industry and country-specific differences remain even as financial markets become more and more 'integrated'.
Book Synopsis Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Employment by : Anubha Dhasmana
Download or read book Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Employment written by Anubha Dhasmana and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the impact of real exchange rate volatility on firm level employment using a difference-in-difference model applied on a panel of 900 manufacturing firms. Trade exposure as measured by the difference between the shares of exports and imports in a firm's total revenues and input costs respectively, emerges as an important determinant of firm's response to higher exchange rate volatility. Firms with a positive trade exposure are found to experience a larger increase, or a smaller decrease, in employment growth than similar “non-exposed” firms in response to an increase in real exchange rate volatility. The impact of exchange rate volatility on employment is found to be non-linear in trade exposure. Finally, domestically owned firms respond differently to exchange rate shocks as compared to the foreign owned firms. Similarly, exporters respond differently to higher exchange rate volatility than the non-exporters.
Book Synopsis An International Comparison of Employment Adjustment to Exchange Rate Fluctuations by : Simon M. Burgess
Download or read book An International Comparison of Employment Adjustment to Exchange Rate Fluctuations written by Simon M. Burgess and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper evaluates the response of employment to exchange rate shocks at the industry level for G-7 countries. Using an empirical framework that places little structure on the data, we find that European industries, at least France and Germany, are much less influenced by exchange rate shocks and much slower to adjust to long run steady states. The United States, Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy all appear to adjust more quickly. German and Japanese employment are quite insensitive to exchange rate fluctuations, consistent with previous research on output and markup responses to exchange rates.
Book Synopsis Firm Specific Factors and the Exchange Rate Exposure of Multinational Corporations by : Anand Krishnamoorthy
Download or read book Firm Specific Factors and the Exchange Rate Exposure of Multinational Corporations written by Anand Krishnamoorthy and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results indicate that a firms degree of concentration in foreign sales has an impact on its exchange rate exposure. These results imply that restructuring operations can reduce a firms exchange rate risk.
Book Synopsis Assessing Job Flows Across Countries by : John C. Haltiwanger
Download or read book Assessing Job Flows Across Countries written by John C. Haltiwanger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the process of job creation and destruction across a sample of 16 industrial and emerging economies over the past decade. It exploits a harmonized firm-level data set drawn from business registers and enterprise census data. The paper assesses the importance of technological factors that characterize different industries in explaining cross-country differences in job flows. It shows that industry effects play an important role in shaping job flows at the aggregate level. Even more importantly, differences in the size composition of firms-within each industry-explain a large fraction of the overall variability in job creation and destruction. However, even after controlling for industry/technology and size factors there remain significant differences in job flows across countries that could reflect differences in business environment conditions. The authors look at one factor shaping the business environment, namely, regulations on hiring and firing of workers. To minimize possible endogeneity and omitted variable problems associated with cross-country regressions, we use a difference-in-difference approach. The empirical results suggest that stringent hiring and firing costs reduce job turnover, especially in those industries that require more frequent labor adjustment. Regulations also distort the patterns of industry/size flows. Within each industry, medium and large firms are more severely affected by stringent labor regulations, while small firms are less affected, probably because they are partially exempted from such regulations or can more easily circumvent them.
Book Synopsis Corporate Decision-Making with Macroeconomic Uncertainty by : Lars Oxelheim
Download or read book Corporate Decision-Making with Macroeconomic Uncertainty written by Lars Oxelheim and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroeconomic turbulence and volatility in financial markets can fatally affect firm's performance. Very few firms make serious attempts to inform market participants and other outsider stakeholders about the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations--manifested as changes in exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rates and stock market returns-- on performance. These stakeholders, as well as financial analysts, must make their own assessments but they generally lack both the required tools and the information to do so. Worse, top management in most firms do not themselves possess the tools to identify whether a change in performance represents a change in the firm's intrinsic competitiveness or a reflection of macroeconomic conditions outside their influence. Corporate Decision-Making with Macroeconomic Uncertainty: Performance and Risk Management develops and presents in an easily comprehensible way the essential elements of a corporate strategy for managing uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment. This Macroeconomic Uncertainty Strategy, or MUST, enhances firm value by allowing management and external stakeholders to become better informed about the development of corporate competitiveness in a turbulent macroeconomic environment. The MUST also provides guidelines for how to develop a successful risk management program. This research based book includes methods to identify the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on cash flows and value, to develop strategies for macroeconomic risk management, to provide informative reports to external stakeholders, to evaluate the relative performance of subsidiaries and business units in multinational companies, and to evaluate performance for purposes of setting executive compensation and of fulfilling the due diligence requirements in an M & A context. The authors' use of value-based management, various performance measurements, the concept of real options, and risk management from the perspective of shareholder wealth maximization, makes the book rich and compelling. They address researchers and students in the field of international business, finance and corporate governance. On the business side, executives with strategic responsibilities, chief financial officers, and bankers who analyze corporate performance and give advice on risk management will benefit from reading this book.
Book Synopsis Financial Crises and the Politics of Macroeconomic Adjustments by : Stefanie Walter
Download or read book Financial Crises and the Politics of Macroeconomic Adjustments written by Stefanie Walter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When are policy makers willing to make costly adjustments to their macroeconomic policies to mitigate balance-of-payments problems? Which types of adjustment strategies do they choose? Under what circumstances do they delay reform, and when are such delays likely to result in financial crises? To answer these questions, this book examines how macroeconomic policy adjustments affect individual voters in financially open economies and argues that the anticipation of these distributional effects influences policy makers' decisions about the timing and the type of reform. Empirically, the book combines analyses of cross-national survey data of voters' and firms' policy evaluations with comparative case studies of national policy responses to the Asian financial crisis of 1997/8 and the recent global financial crisis in Eastern Europe. The book shows that variation in policy makers' willingness to implement reform can be traced back to differences in the vulnerability profiles of their countries' electorates.
Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Efficiency and the Behavior of International Asset Markets (Routledge Revivals) by : Kathryn Dominguez
Download or read book Exchange Rate Efficiency and the Behavior of International Asset Markets (Routledge Revivals) written by Kathryn Dominguez and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1992, examines the subject of foreign exchange market efficiency and, in particular, the effectiveness of central bank intervention in the market. This book is ideal for students of economics.
Book Synopsis The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment by : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Download or read book The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.
Book Synopsis Banks, Firms, and Jobs by : Fabio Berton
Download or read book Banks, Firms, and Jobs written by Fabio Berton and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the employment effects of financial shocks using a rich data set of job contracts, matched with the universe of firms and their lending banks in one Italian region. To isolate the effect of the financial shock we construct a firm-specific time-varying measure of credit supply. The contraction in credit supply explains one fourth of the reduction in employment. This result is concentrated in more levered and less productive firms. Also, the relatively less educated and less skilled workers with temporary contracts are the most affected. Our results are consistent with the cleansing role of financial shocks.
Book Synopsis Investment, Growth and Employment by : Ciaran Driver
Download or read book Investment, Growth and Employment written by Ciaran Driver and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-10 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents studies to explain international investment behaviour and assess its impact on growth and jobs. The authors also examine policy measures to reverse the climate of low investment that has characterised recent years
