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Finite Element Reliability And Sensitivity Methods For Performance Based Earthquake Engineering
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Book Synopsis Finite Element Reliability and Sensitivity Methods for Performance-based Earthquake Engineering by : Terje Haukaas
Download or read book Finite Element Reliability and Sensitivity Methods for Performance-based Earthquake Engineering written by Terje Haukaas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work in this report is motivated by the performance-based engineering approach advocated by PEER. A comprehensive, object-oriented software framework for finite element sensitivity and reliability analysis is developed. The work builds on the existing software OpenSees. The software framework is used to investigate and address challenges particular to nonlinear finite element reliability analysis. As a result, smoothed material models, modifications in existing search algorithms, and a search algorithm hitherto not used in reliability analysis are developed.
Book Synopsis Finite Element Response Sensitivity and Reliability Analysis of Soil-Foundation-Structure-Interaction (SFSI) Systems by : Quan Gu
Download or read book Finite Element Response Sensitivity and Reliability Analysis of Soil-Foundation-Structure-Interaction (SFSI) Systems written by Quan Gu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) has emerged as a powerful method of analysis and design philosophy in earthquake engineering and is leading the way to a new generation of seismic design guidelines. PBEE requires a comprehensive understanding of the earthquake response of Soil-Foundation-Structure-Interaction (SFSI) systems when damage occurs in the structural system during the earthquake. In the context of PBEE, this research combines finite element (FE) modeling and seismic response analysis of SFSI systems with state-of-the-art methods in response sensitivity and reliability analysis. New analytical and numerical methods are developed and existing algorithms adopted for studying the propagation of uncertainties in nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of SFSI systems and for probabilistic performance assessment of these systems. This research makes several contributions to reliability analysis of structural and SFSI systems. For the purpose of accurately and efficiently computing the response gradients, an 'exact' FE response sensitivity computation algorithm based on the Direct Differentiation Method (DDM) and available in the widely used FE analysis software framework OpenSees is further extended to various types of material models, finite elements and multi-point constraint equations used in modeling large-scale realistic SFSI systems. As a main contribution to this research, this sensitivity algorithm is extended to a multi-yield surface J2 plasticity model used extensively to model clay soil materials in seismic response analysis. Related to response sensitivity analysis of SFSI systems, several issues are studied, such as discontinuities in response sensitivities, the relative importance of various soil and structural material parameters in regards to a specified aspect of the system response (i.e., response parameters). As contributions to the reliability analysis of structural and SFSI systems, several existing solution tools such as first-order reliability method (FORM), second-order reliability method (SORM), and various sampling techniques, such as importance sampling (IS) and orthogonal plane sampling (OPS), are implemented in OpenSees and/or further improved to solving reliability analysis problems of structural and SFSI systems. A powerful general-purpose optimization toolbox SNOPT, developed by Professor Philip Gill at UCSD, is integrated into the reliability analysis framework in OpenSees and customized for efficiently finding the design point(s) of structural and SFSI systems. For time variant reliability analysis, an existing mean upcrossing rate analysis algorithm is implemented in OpenSees and improved. It is found that the FORM approximation for mean upcrossing rate is significantly inaccurate, especially in cases of highly nonlinear response behavior of the system analyzed. In such case, the OPS method based on the design point(s) of the reliability problem significantly improves the FORM approximation of the mean upcrossing rate and therefore of the upper bound of the failure probability. In order to study the topology of limit-state surfaces (LSS) for reliability problems, a new visualization method called Multi-dimensional Visualization in Principal Plane (MVPP) is developed and implemented in OpenSees. The geometrical insight gained from the MVPP has led to the development of a new hybrid computational reliability method, called the DP-RS-Sim method, which combines the design point (DP) search, the response surface methodology (RS), and simulation techniques (Sim). This method is applied for the time invariant reliability analysis of a realistic nonlinear structural system. Several other closely related topics are studied. A simplified probabilistic response analysis method is developed taking advantage of DDM-based response sensitivity analysis. This method is then applied to a nonlinear structural and SFSI system. It is much more efficient than the crude Monte Carlo Simulation method and provides, at low computational cost, good estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the response for low to moderate level of material nonlinearity in the response. A general-purpose OpenSees-SNOPT based optimization framework was developed and applied to soil model updating problems using numerically simulated data. It is found that the optimization process is significantly more efficient when using the DDM-based over the FDM-based sensitivities. Additionally, nonlinear FE model updating is performed for an actual site, the Lotung downhole array in Taiwan, and based on data recorded during a 1986 earthquake.
Book Synopsis Finite Element Reliability and Sensitivity Methods for Performance-based Engineering by : Terje Haukaas
Download or read book Finite Element Reliability and Sensitivity Methods for Performance-based Engineering written by Terje Haukaas and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Finite Element Response Sensitivity, Probabilistic Response and Reliability Analyses of Structural Systems with Applications to Earthquake Engineering by : Michele Barbato
Download or read book Finite Element Response Sensitivity, Probabilistic Response and Reliability Analyses of Structural Systems with Applications to Earthquake Engineering written by Michele Barbato and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geometric, mechanical, material and loading parameters used to define the mechanics-based finite element (FE) models of structural systems as well as their seismic input are characterized by significant uncertainties. The rational treatment of uncertainties in computational mechanics has been the object of increasing attention in recent years. Modern design codes indirectly account for parameter and model uncertainties in order to ensure satisfactory designs. Thus, in addition to accurate deterministic models, methods are needed to propagate uncertainties from the parameters defining the FE model of a structure to the engineering demand parameters. FE response sensitivities (RSs) to both model and loading parameters represent an essential ingredient in studying this complex uncertainty propagation. New RS algorithms based on the Direct Differentiation Method (DDM) are derived and implemented in general-purpose nonlinear structural analysis frameworks. The use of the DDM is extended to (1) force-based frame elements, (2) steel-concrete composite structures, and (3) three-field mixed FEs. In addition, the effects on RS continuity of using smooth versus non-smooth material constitutive models are thoroughly examined. An efficient simulation technique for an existing fully non-stationary stochastic earthquake ground motion model is developed. The definition of non-geometric spectral characteristics is extended to general complex-valued non-stationary stochastic processes. Closed-form approximate solutions of the first-passage problem are developed for single- and multi-degree-of-freedom linear elastic systems. First-order second-moment approximations of the first- and second-order statistics of the response of linear/nonlinear structural systems with random/uncertain parameters and subjected to quasi-static and/or dynamic load(s) are computed efficiently using DDM-based FE RSs. The probability of a structural response quantity exceeding a specified threshold level is obtained by using the First-Order Reliability Method in conjunction with the DDM-based FE RSs in the search for the Design Point(s) (DP). A new method, referred to as Multidimensional Visualization in the Principal Planes, is developed to explore the geometry of limit-state surfaces near the DP(s) in reduced-spaces defined by planes of major principal curvatures at the DP. A new hybrid reliability analysis method (DP search - Response Surface - Importance Sampling) is developed and tested. Based on pushover and time history analyses, examples of both time-invariant and time-variant reliability analysis of structural systems are presented to illustrate the probabilistic methods developed.
Book Synopsis Computational Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering by : Manolis Papadrakakis
Download or read book Computational Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering written by Manolis Papadrakakis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing necessity to solve complex problems in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering requires the development of new ideas, innovative methods and numerical tools for providing accurate numerical solutions in affordable computing times. This book presents the latest scientific developments in Computational Dynamics, Stochastic Dynam
Book Synopsis Performance-based Earthquake Engineering with the First-order Reliability Method by :
Download or read book Performance-based Earthquake Engineering with the First-order Reliability Method written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance-based earthquake engineering is an emerging field of study that complements the prescriptive methods that the design codes provide to ensure adequate seismic performance of structures. Accounting for uncertainties in the performance assessments forms an important component in this area. In this context, the present study focuses on two broad themes; first, treatment of uncertainties and the application of the first-order reliability method (FORM) in finite-element reliability analysis, and second, the seismic risk assessment of reinforced concrete structures for performance states such as, collapse and monetary loss. In the first area, the uncertainties arising from inherent randomness ("aleatory uncertainty") and due to the lack of knowledge ("epistemic uncertainty") are identified. A framework for the separation of these uncertainties is proposed. Following this, the applicability of FORM to the linear and nonlinear finite-element structural models under static and dynamic loading is investigated. The case studies indicate that FORM is applicable for linear and nonlinear static problems. Strategies are proposed to circumvent and remedy potential challenges to FORM. In the case of dynamic problems, the application of FORM is studied with an emphasis on cumulative response measures. The limit-state surface is shown to have a closed and nonlinear geometric shape. Solution methods are proposed to obtain probability bounds based on the FORM results. In the application-oriented second area of research, at first, the probability of collapse of a reinforced concrete frame is assessed with nonlinear static analysis. By modelling the post-failure behaviour of individual structural members, the global response of the structure is estimated beyond the component failures. The final application is the probabilistic assessment of monetary loss for a high-rise shear wall building due to the seismic hazard in the Cascadia subduction zone. A 3-dimensional finite-element.
Book Synopsis Structural and System Reliability by : Armen Der Kiureghian
Download or read book Structural and System Reliability written by Armen Der Kiureghian and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on material taught at the University of California, Berkeley, this textbook offers a modern, rigorous and comprehensive treatment of the methods of structural and system reliability analysis. It covers the first- and second-order reliability methods for components and systems, simulation methods, time- and space-variant reliability, and Bayesian parameter estimation and reliability updating. It also presents more advanced, state-of-the-art topics such as finite-element reliability methods, stochastic structural dynamics, reliability-based optimal design, and Bayesian networks. A wealth of well-designed examples connect theory with practice, with simple examples demonstrating mathematical concepts and larger examples demonstrating their applications. End-of-chapter homework problems are included throughout. Including all necessary background material from probability theory, and accompanied online by a solutions manual and PowerPoint slides for instructors, this is the ideal text for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses on structural and system reliability in departments of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering.
Book Synopsis Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications by : Plevris, Vagelis
Download or read book Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications written by Plevris, Vagelis and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the past few years, there has been extensive research done on structural design in terms of optimization methods or problem formulation. But, much of this attention has been on the linear elastic structural behavior, under static loading condition. Such a focus has left researchers scratching their heads as it has led to vulnerable structural configurations. What researchers have left out of the equation is the element of seismic loading. It is essential for researchers to take this into account in order to develop earthquake resistant real-world structures. Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications focuses on the research around earthquake engineering, in particular, the field of implementation of optimization algorithms in earthquake engineering problems. Topics discussed within this book include, but are not limited to, simulation issues for the accurate prediction of the seismic response of structures, design optimization procedures, soft computing applications, and other important advancements in seismic analysis and design where optimization algorithms can be implemented. Readers will discover that this book provides relevant theoretical frameworks in order to enhance their learning on earthquake engineering as it deals with the latest research findings and their practical implementations, as well as new formulations and solutions.
Book Synopsis Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems by : Marc Maes
Download or read book Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems written by Marc Maes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an outcome of the 11th IFIP WG7.5 working conference on Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems in Canada. The conference focuses on structural reliability methods and applications and engineering risk analysis and decision-making.
Book Synopsis Eurocode-Compliant Seismic Analysis and Design of R/C Buildings by : Ioannis Avramidis
Download or read book Eurocode-Compliant Seismic Analysis and Design of R/C Buildings written by Ioannis Avramidis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to serve as an essential reference to facilitate civil engineers involved in the design of new conventional (ordinary) reinforced concrete (R/C) buildings regulatedby the current European EC8 (EN 1998-1:2004) and EC2 (EN 1992-1-1:2004) codesof practice. The book provides unique step-by-step flowcharts which take the readerthrough all the required operations, calculations, and verification checks prescribed bythe EC8 provisions. These flowcharts are complemented by comprehensive discussionsand practical explanatory comments on critical aspects of the EC8 code-regulatedprocedure for the earthquake resistant design of R/C buildings. Further, detailedanalysis and design examples of typical multi-storey three-dimensional R/C buildingsare included to illustrate the required steps for achieving designs of real-life structures which comply with the current EC8 provisions. These examples can be readily used as verification tutorials to check the reliability of custom-made computer programs and of commercial Finite Element software developed/used for the design of earthquakeresistant R/C buildings complying with the EC8 (EN 1998-1:2004) code.This book will be of interest to practitioners working in consulting and designingengineering companies and to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate level civilengineering students attending courses and curricula in the earthquake resistant designof structures and/or undertaking pertinent design projects.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Methods in Earthquake Engineering by : J. Donea
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Methods in Earthquake Engineering written by J. Donea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-09-30 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the Lectures given during the Eurocourse on Experimental and Numerical Methods in Earthquake Engineering held at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, October 7-11, 1991
Book Synopsis Engineering Design Reliability Handbook by : Efstratios Nikolaidis
Download or read book Engineering Design Reliability Handbook written by Efstratios Nikolaidis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-22 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the engineering industry and academia are making important advances on reliability-based design and modeling of uncertainty when data is limited. Non deterministic approaches have enabled industries to save billions by reducing design and warranty costs and by improving quality. Considering the lack of comprehensive and defini
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics by : Morton E. Gurtin
Download or read book An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics written by Morton E. Gurtin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1982-01-12 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an introduction to the classical theories of continuum mechanics; in particular, to the theories of ideal, compressible, and viscous fluids, and to the linear and nonlinear theories of elasticity. These theories are important, not only because they are applicable to a majority of the problems in continuum mechanics arising in practice, but because they form a solid base upon which one can readily construct more complex theories of material behavior. Further, although attention is limited to the classical theories, the treatment is modern with a major emphasis on foundations and structure
Book Synopsis Parametric Uncertainties in Reliability Analysis of Bridge Structures by : Osman Murat Hamutcuoglu
Download or read book Parametric Uncertainties in Reliability Analysis of Bridge Structures written by Osman Murat Hamutcuoglu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probability-based reliability methods have placed an increased emphasis on realistic simulation of structural behavior in bridge engineering. Uncertainty is present in every aspect of structural analysis. Aleatory uncertainties in the loading and load-carrying capacities, and epistemic uncertainties in mathematical idealization of bridge systems are the major contributors to uncertain structural response. However, the range of possible response and resistance of bridge components can be predicted in probabilistic means. The objective of this study is to develop efficient reliability analysis methods for bridge components using existing concepts of probability, structural reliability and finite element analysis. A finite element reliability procedure is proposed to evaluate the probability of failure while accounting for both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties in bridge girders subjected to live loads as well as columns to extreme seismic loadings. OpenSees, the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation, an object-oriented open source framework for finite element analysis, is used to implement in the proposed methodology. For this probabilistic analysis approach, a gradient based first order reliability method (FORM) that provides importance measures of uncertain parameters is used instead of approximate integral solutions such as Monte-Carlo simulations. The uncertain parameters are treated as random variables with continuous probability density functions. The random variables are ranked to determine which parameters have the most influence on the structural response to applied loadings. Force-based elements whose integration points coincide with critical locations are ideal for moving load simulations of bridge girders. Moving vehicle loads are taken into account as the part of the element, rather than nodal, equilibrium equations and it is straightforward to link section forces to a constitutive model rather than relying on rigid body equilibrium. However, FORM requires explicit formulations for the derivative of the structural response to be obtained with respect to each uncertain parameter. For sensitivity formulations in force-based finite elements, the direct differentiation method (DDM) is adopted in the framework for evaluating the function and its gradient at the same precision. The numerical examples verify DDM response sensitivity equations are correct and reliability analysis setup is prepared for continuous reinforced concrete bridge girders. As a unique contribution to the reliability assessments of bridge girders, the interaction of moment and shear is considered on both the demand and resisting sides of the limit state function. A new material model based on Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT) is implemented in OpenSees to represent moment-shear interaction. For performance limits placed on girder members, the moment-shear capacity is defined using a multi-line closed curve adapted from the AASHTO design code implementation of MCFT. To contribute safety measurements of bridge girders, the framework runs fully probabilistic reliability analyses while treating aleatory and epistemic uncertainties simultaneously. Sensitivity formulations for new implementations in the proposed methodology is another important contribution to reliability analysis of bridge components with force-based elements. The numerical examples indicate the moment-shear interaction is significantly high in most probable failure modes of bridge girders. The limit state definitions in the proposed methodology is recommended to use instead of uncoupled shear and moment capacity that can lead to non-conservative estimates of reliability. The importance measures highlights the axle loads and distribution factors have significant influence on the most probable failure mode. Another important source of uncertainty in bridge systems is due to modeling approaches of column members subjected to extreme load cases such as seismic. The methodology provides an approach for the reliability analysis of bridge columns using the formulated response sensitivity of force-based elements. One force-based element represents bridge columns under lateral loading to avoid discretization uncertainty of meshing displacement-based elements. However, the choice of an integration method in the state determination of force- based finite elements has a significant influence on the computed element response. Recent advances in the literature regularize the strain-softening response of force-based frame elements by either modifying the constitutive parameters or scaling selected integration weights. While the former case maintains numerical accuracy for strain-hardening behavior, the regularization requires a tight coupling of the element constitutive properties and the numerical integration method. In the latter case, objectivity is maintained for strain-softening problems; however, there is a lack of convergence for strain-hardening response. To resolve the dichotomy between strain-hardening and strain-softening solutions, a numerically consistent regularization technique is developed for force-based frame elements using interpolatory quadrature with two integration points of prescribed characteristic lengths at the element ends. To assess the modeling uncertainty associated with integration methods in force-based elements, analytical sensitivity of one-dimensional interpolatory quadrature is developed via direct differentiation of the locations and weights of integration points. Using the analytical sensitivity formulations, the additional integration parameters in the new regularization technique are considered as epistemic uncertainty in reliability analysis of bridge columns. The numerical examples quantify the epistemic uncertainty of selecting a force-based integration method as well as permitting integration points and weights to be treated as random variables in a probabilistic structural analysis.
Book Synopsis Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures by : George Deodatis
Download or read book Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures written by George Deodatis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures contains the plenary lectures and papers presented at the 11th International Conference on STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY (ICOSSAR2013, New York, NY, USA, 16-20 June 2013), and covers major aspects of safety, reliability, risk and life-cycle performance of str
Book Synopsis Advances in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering by : Michael N. Fardis
Download or read book Advances in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering written by Michael N. Fardis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-05 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance-based Earthquake Engineering has emerged before the turn of the century as the most important development in the field of Earthquake Engineering during the last three decades. It has since then started penetrating codes and standards on seismic assessment and retrofitting and making headway towards seismic design standards for new structures as well. The US have been a leader in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering, but also Europe is a major contributor. Two Workshops on Performance-based Earthquake Engineering, held in Bled (Slovenia) in 1997 and 2004 are considered as milestones. The ACES Workshop in Corfu (Greece) of July 2009 builds on them, attracting as contributors world-leaders in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering from North America, Europe and the Pacific rim (Japan, New Zealand, Taiwan, China). It covers the entire scope of Performance-based Earthquake Engineering: Ground motions for performance-based earthquake engineering; Methodologies for Performance-based seismic design and retrofitting; Implementation of Performance-based seismic design and retrofitting; and Advanced seismic testing for performance-based earthquake engineering. Audience: This volume will be of interest to scientists and advanced practitioners in structural earthquake engineering, geotechnical earthquake engineering, engineering seismology, and experimental dynamics.
Book Synopsis Risk and Reliability Analysis: Theory and Applications by : Paolo Gardoni
Download or read book Risk and Reliability Analysis: Theory and Applications written by Paolo Gardoni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unique collection of contributions from some of the foremost scholars in the field of risk and reliability analysis. Combining the most advanced analysis techniques with practical applications, it is one of the most comprehensive and up-to-date books available on risk-based engineering. All the fundamental concepts needed to conduct risk and reliability assessments are covered in detail, providing readers with a sound understanding of the field and making the book a powerful tool for students and researchers alike. This book was prepared in honor of Professor Armen Der Kiureghian, one of the fathers of modern risk and reliability analysis.
