Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB®

Download Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0857296612
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (572 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® by : Oluleke Oluwole

Download or read book Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® written by Oluleke Oluwole and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-23 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The finite element method is often used for numerical computation in the applied sciences. It makes a major contribution to the range of numerical methods used in the simulation of systems and irregular domains, and its importance today has made it an important subject of study for all engineering students. While treatments of the method itself can be found in many traditional finite element books, Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® combines the finite element method with MATLAB to offer materials engineers a fast and code-free way of modeling for many materials processes. Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® covers such topics as: developing a weak formulation as a prelude to obtaining the finite element equation, interpolation functions, derivation of elemental equations, and use of the Partial Differential Equation ToolboxTM. Exercises are given based on each example and m-files based on the examples are freely available to readers online. Researchers, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, and practitioners in the fields of materials and metallurgy will find Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® a useful guide to using MATLAB for engineering analysis and decision-making.

Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using Matlab

Download Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using Matlab PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (753 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using Matlab by :

Download or read book Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using Matlab written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB®

Download Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780857296603
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (966 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® by : Oluleke Oluwole

Download or read book Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® written by Oluleke Oluwole and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-07-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The finite element method is often used for numerical computation in the applied sciences. It makes a major contribution to the range of numerical methods used in the simulation of systems and irregular domains, and its importance today has made it an important subject of study for all engineering students. While treatments of the method itself can be found in many traditional finite element books, Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® combines the finite element method with MATLAB to offer materials engineers a fast and code-free way of modeling for many materials processes. Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® covers such topics as: developing a weak formulation as a prelude to obtaining the finite element equation, interpolation functions, derivation of elemental equations, and use of the Partial Differential Equation ToolboxTM. Exercises are given based on each example and m-files based on the examples are freely available to readers online. Researchers, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, and practitioners in the fields of materials and metallurgy will find Finite Element Modeling for Materials Engineers Using MATLAB® a useful guide to using MATLAB for engineering analysis and decision-making.

MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements

Download MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662052091
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements by : Peter I. Kattan

Download or read book MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements written by Peter I. Kattan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores numerical implementation of Finite Element Analysis using MATLAB. Stressing interactive use of MATLAB, it provides examples and exercises from mechanical, civil and aerospace engineering as well as materials science. The text includes a short MATLAB tutorial. An extensive solutions manual offers detailed solutions to all problems in the book for classroom use. The second edition includes a new brick (solid) element with eight nodes and a one-dimensional fluid flow element. Also added is a review of applications of finite elements in fluid flow, heat transfer, structural dynamics and electro-magnetics. The accompanying CD-ROM presents more than fifty MATLAB functions.

The Finite Element Method Using MATLAB

Download The Finite Element Method Using MATLAB PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420041886
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Finite Element Method Using MATLAB by : Young W. Kwon

Download or read book The Finite Element Method Using MATLAB written by Young W. Kwon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanded to include a broader range of problems than the bestselling first edition, Finite Element Method Using MATLAB: Second Edition presents finite element approximation concepts, formulation, and programming in a format that effectively streamlines the learning process. It is written from a general engineering and mathematical perspective rather than that of a solid/structural mechanics basis. What's new in the Second Edition? Each chapter in the Second Edition now includes an overview that outlines the contents and purpose of each chapter. The authors have also added a new chapter of special topics in applications, including cracks, semi-infinite and infinite domains, buckling, and thermal stress. They discuss three different linearization techniques to solve nonlinear differential equations. Also included are new sections on shell formulations and MATLAB programs. These enhancements increase the book's already significant value both as a self-study text and a reference for practicing engineers and scientists.

An Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using Matlab Tools

Download An Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using Matlab Tools PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031175409
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using Matlab Tools by : Shuvra Das

Download or read book An Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using Matlab Tools written by Shuvra Das and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-23 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to develop a guide for the user who is interested in learning the method by doing. There is enough discussion of some of the basic theory so that the user can get a broad understanding of the process. And there are many examples with step-by-step instructions for the user to quickly develop some proficiency in using FEA. We have used Matlab and its PDE toolbox for the examples in this text. The syntax and the modeling process are easy to understand and a new user can become productive very quickly. The PDE toolbox, just like any other commercial software, can solve certain classes of problems well but is not capable of solving every type of problem. For example, it can solve linear problems but is not capable of handling non-linear problems. Being aware of the capabilities of any tool is an important lesson for the user and we have, with this book, tried to highlight that lesson as well.

Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using MATLAB and Abaqus

Download Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using MATLAB and Abaqus PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466580216
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using MATLAB and Abaqus by : Amar Khennane

Download or read book Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using MATLAB and Abaqus written by Amar Khennane and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are some books that target the theory of the finite element, while others focus on the programming side of things. Introduction to Finite Element Analysis Using MATLAB and Abaqus accomplishes both. This book teaches the first principles of the finite element method. It presents the theory of the finite element method while maintaining a balan

MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements

Download MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540706977
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (69 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements by : Peter I. Kattan

Download or read book MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements written by Peter I. Kattan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-03-21 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: later versions. In addition, the CD-ROM contains a complete solutions manual that includes detailed solutions to all the problems in the book. If the reader does not wish to consult these solutions, then a brief list of answers is provided in printed form at the end of the book. Iwouldliketothankmyfamilymembersfortheirhelpandcontinuedsupportwi- out which this book would not have been possible. I would also like to acknowledge the help of the editior at Springer-Verlag (Dr. Thomas Ditzinger) for his assistance in bringing this book out in its present form. Finally, I would like to thank my brother, Nicola, for preparing most of the line drawings in both editions. In this edition, I am providing two email addresses for my readers to contact me (pkattan@tedata. net. jo and pkattan@lsu. edu). The old email address that appeared in the ?rst edition was cancelled in 2004. December 2006 Peter I. Kattan PrefacetotheFirstEdition 3 This is a book for people who love ?nite elements and MATLAB . We will use the popular computer package MATLAB as a matrix calculator for doing ?nite element analysis. Problems will be solved mainly using MATLAB to carry out the tedious and lengthy matrix calculations in addition to some manual manipulations especially when applying the boundary conditions. In particular the steps of the ?nite element method are emphasized in this book. The reader will not ?nd ready-made MATLAB programsforuseasblackboxes. Insteadstep-by-stepsolutionsof?niteelementpr- lems are examined in detail using MATLAB.

MATLAB Codes for Finite Element Analysis

Download MATLAB Codes for Finite Element Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402092008
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis MATLAB Codes for Finite Element Analysis by : A. J. M. Ferreira

Download or read book MATLAB Codes for Finite Element Analysis written by A. J. M. Ferreira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book intend to supply readers with some MATLAB codes for ?nite element analysis of solids and structures. After a short introduction to MATLAB, the book illustrates the ?nite element implementation of some problems by simple scripts and functions. The following problems are discussed: • Discrete systems, such as springs and bars • Beams and frames in bending in 2D and 3D • Plane stress problems • Plates in bending • Free vibration of Timoshenko beams and Mindlin plates, including laminated composites • Buckling of Timoshenko beams and Mindlin plates The book does not intends to give a deep insight into the ?nite element details, just the basic equations so that the user can modify the codes. The book was prepared for undergraduate science and engineering students, although it may be useful for graduate students. TheMATLABcodesofthisbookareincludedinthedisk.Readersarewelcomed to use them freely. The author does not guarantee that the codes are error-free, although a major e?ort was taken to verify all of them. Users should use MATLAB 7.0 or greater when running these codes. Any suggestions or corrections are welcomed by an email to [email protected].

Development and Application of the Finite Element Method based on MatLab

Download Development and Application of the Finite Element Method based on MatLab PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642131530
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Development and Application of the Finite Element Method based on MatLab by : Herbert Baaser

Download or read book Development and Application of the Finite Element Method based on MatLab written by Herbert Baaser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-10 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intention of this booklet is a brief but general introduction into the treatment of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM has become the leading method in computer–oriented mechanics, so that many scienti?c brancheshavegrownup besides overthelastdecades. Nevertheless,theFEM today is a question of economy. On the one hand its industrial application is forced to reduce product development costs and time, on the other hand a large number of commercial FEM codes and a still growing number of software for e?ective pre– and postprocessors are available in the meantime. Due to that, today it is a quite challenging task to operate with all these di?erent tools at the same time and to understand all handling and so- tion techniques developed over the last years. So, we want to help in getting a deeper insight into the main “interfaces” between the “customers of the FEM” and the codes itself by providing a totally open structured FE–code based on Matlab, which is a very powerful tool in operating with matrix based formulations. That idea and conditions forced us some years ago to initiateDAEdalon as a tool for general FE developments in research appli- tions. In spite of still existing high sophisticated – mostly commercial – FE codes, the success and the acceptance of such a structured tool justify that decision afterwards more and more.

The Finite Element Method Using MATLAB, Second Edition

Download The Finite Element Method Using MATLAB, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849300967
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Finite Element Method Using MATLAB, Second Edition by : Young W. Kwon

Download or read book The Finite Element Method Using MATLAB, Second Edition written by Young W. Kwon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-07-28 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanded to include a broader range of problems than the bestselling first edition, Finite Element Method Using MATLAB: Second Edition presents finite element approximation concepts, formulation, and programming in a format that effectively streamlines the learning process. It is written from a general engineering and mathematical perspective rather than that of a solid/structural mechanics basis. What's new in the Second Edition? Each chapter in the Second Edition now includes an overview that outlines the contents and purpose of each chapter. The authors have also added a new chapter of special topics in applications, including cracks, semi-infinite and infinite domains, buckling, and thermal stress. They discuss three different linearization techniques to solve nonlinear differential equations. Also included are new sections on shell formulations and MATLAB programs. These enhancements increase the book's already significant value both as a self-study text and a reference for practicing engineers and scientists.

MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements

Download MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540706984
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements by : Peter I. Kattan

Download or read book MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements written by Peter I. Kattan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-13 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: later versions. In addition, the CD-ROM contains a complete solutions manual that includes detailed solutions to all the problems in the book. If the reader does not wish to consult these solutions, then a brief list of answers is provided in printed form at the end of the book. Iwouldliketothankmyfamilymembersfortheirhelpandcontinuedsupportwi- out which this book would not have been possible. I would also like to acknowledge the help of the editior at Springer-Verlag (Dr. Thomas Ditzinger) for his assistance in bringing this book out in its present form. Finally, I would like to thank my brother, Nicola, for preparing most of the line drawings in both editions. In this edition, I am providing two email addresses for my readers to contact me (pkattan@tedata. net. jo and pkattan@lsu. edu). The old email address that appeared in the ?rst edition was cancelled in 2004. December 2006 Peter I. Kattan PrefacetotheFirstEdition 3 This is a book for people who love ?nite elements and MATLAB . We will use the popular computer package MATLAB as a matrix calculator for doing ?nite element analysis. Problems will be solved mainly using MATLAB to carry out the tedious and lengthy matrix calculations in addition to some manual manipulations especially when applying the boundary conditions. In particular the steps of the ?nite element method are emphasized in this book. The reader will not ?nd ready-made MATLAB programsforuseasblackboxes. Insteadstep-by-stepsolutionsof?niteelementpr- lems are examined in detail using MATLAB.

Essentials of the Finite Element Method

Download Essentials of the Finite Element Method PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128026065
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Essentials of the Finite Element Method by : Dimitrios G Pavlou

Download or read book Essentials of the Finite Element Method written by Dimitrios G Pavlou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental coverage, analytic mathematics, and up-to-date software applications are hard to find in a single text on the finite element method (FEM). Dimitrios Pavlou’s Essentials of the Finite Element Method: For Structural and Mechanical Engineers makes the search easier by providing a comprehensive but concise text for those new to FEM, or just in need of a refresher on the essentials. Essentials of the Finite Element Method explains the basics of FEM, then relates these basics to a number of practical engineering applications. Specific topics covered include linear spring elements, bar elements, trusses, beams and frames, heat transfer, and structural dynamics. Throughout the text, readers are shown step-by-step detailed analyses for finite element equations development. The text also demonstrates how FEM is programmed, with examples in MATLAB, CALFEM, and ANSYS allowing readers to learn how to develop their own computer code. Suitable for everyone from first-time BSc/MSc students to practicing mechanical/structural engineers, Essentials of the Finite Element Method presents a complete reference text for the modern engineer. Provides complete and unified coverage of the fundamentals of finite element analysis Covers stiffness matrices for widely used elements in mechanical and civil engineering practice Offers detailed and integrated solutions of engineering examples and computer algorithms in ANSYS, CALFEM, and MATLAB

Introduction to the Finite Element Method and Implementation with MATLAB

Download Introduction to the Finite Element Method and Implementation with MATLAB PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108471684
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to the Finite Element Method and Implementation with MATLAB by : Gang Li

Download or read book Introduction to the Finite Element Method and Implementation with MATLAB written by Gang Li and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory textbook for engineering students, connecting finite element theory with practical application and implementation.

Introduction to Finite and Spectral Element Methods Using MATLAB, Second Edition

Download Introduction to Finite and Spectral Element Methods Using MATLAB, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482209152
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Finite and Spectral Element Methods Using MATLAB, Second Edition by : Constantine Pozrikidis

Download or read book Introduction to Finite and Spectral Element Methods Using MATLAB, Second Edition written by Constantine Pozrikidis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating new topics and original material, Introduction to Finite and Spectral Element Methods Using MATLAB®, Second Edition enables readers to quickly understand the theoretical foundation and practical implementation of the finite element method and its companion spectral element method. Readers gain hands-on computational experience by using the free online FSELIB library of MATLAB® functions and codes. With the book as a user guide, readers can immediately run the codes and graphically display solutions to a variety of elementary and advanced problems. New to the Second Edition Two new chapters with updated material Updated detailed proofs and original derivations New schematic illustrations and graphs Additional solved problems Updated MATLAB software, including improved and new computer functions as well as complete finite element codes incorporating domain discretization modules in three dimensions Suitable for self-study or as a textbook in various science and engineering courses, this self-contained book introduces the fundamentals on a need-to-know basis and emphasizes the development of algorithms and the computer implementation of essential procedures. The text first explains basic concepts and develops the algorithms before addressing problems in solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and structural mechanics.

Introduction to Finite Element Analysis and Design

Download Introduction to Finite Element Analysis and Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119078733
Total Pages : 1074 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Finite Element Analysis and Design by : Nam-Ho Kim

Download or read book Introduction to Finite Element Analysis and Design written by Nam-Ho Kim and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the basic concepts of FEM in an easy-to-use format so that students and professionals can use the method efficiently and interpret results properly Finite element method (FEM) is a powerful tool for solving engineering problems both in solid structural mechanics and fluid mechanics. This book presents all of the theoretical aspects of FEM that students of engineering will need. It eliminates overlong math equations in favour of basic concepts, and reviews of the mathematics and mechanics of materials in order to illustrate the concepts of FEM. It introduces these concepts by including examples using six different commercial programs online. The all-new, second edition of Introduction to Finite Element Analysis and Design provides many more exercise problems than the first edition. It includes a significant amount of material in modelling issues by using several practical examples from engineering applications. The book features new coverage of buckling of beams and frames and extends heat transfer analyses from 1D (in the previous edition) to 2D. It also covers 3D solid element and its application, as well as 2D. Additionally, readers will find an increase in coverage of finite element analysis of dynamic problems. There is also a companion website with examples that are concurrent with the most recent version of the commercial programs. Offers elaborate explanations of basic finite element procedures Delivers clear explanations of the capabilities and limitations of finite element analysis Includes application examples and tutorials for commercial finite element software, such as MATLAB, ANSYS, ABAQUS and NASTRAN Provides numerous examples and exercise problems Comes with a complete solution manual and results of several engineering design projects Introduction to Finite Element Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition is an excellent text for junior and senior level undergraduate students and beginning graduate students in mechanical, civil, aerospace, biomedical engineering, industrial engineering and engineering mechanics.

MATLAB-based Finite Element Programming in Electromagnetic Modeling

Download MATLAB-based Finite Element Programming in Electromagnetic Modeling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429854609
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis MATLAB-based Finite Element Programming in Electromagnetic Modeling by : Özlem Özgün

Download or read book MATLAB-based Finite Element Programming in Electromagnetic Modeling written by Özlem Özgün and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a self-contained, programming-oriented and learner-centered book on finite element method (FEM), with special emphasis given to developing MATLAB® programs for numerical modeling of electromagnetic boundary value problems. It provides a deep understanding and intuition of FEM programming by means of step-by-step MATLAB® programs with detailed descriptions, and eventually enabling the readers to modify, adapt and apply the provided programs and formulations to develop FEM codes for similar problems through various exercises. It starts with simple one-dimensional static and time-harmonic problems and extends the developed theory to more complex two- or three-dimensional problems. It supplies sufficient theoretical background on the topic, and it thoroughly covers all phases (pre-processing, main body and post-processing) in FEM. FEM formulations are obtained for boundary value problems governed by a partial differential equation that is expressed in terms of a generic unknown function, and then, these formulations are specialized to various electromagnetic applications together with a post-processing phase. Since the method is mostly described in a general context, readers from other disciplines can also use this book and easily adapt the provided codes to their engineering problems. After forming a solid background on the fundamentals of FEM by means of canonical problems, readers are guided to more advanced applications of FEM in electromagnetics through a survey chapter at the end of the book. Offers a self-contained and easy-to-understand introduction to the theory and programming of finite element method. Covers various applications in the field of static and time-harmonic electromagnetics. Includes one-, two- and three-dimensional finite element codes in MATLAB®. Enables readers to develop finite element programming skills through various MATLAB® codes and exercises. Promotes self-directed learning skills and provides an effective instruction tool.