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Financial Constraints Intangible Assets And Firm Dynamics
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Book Synopsis Financial Constraints, Intangible Assets, and Firm Dynamics by : Sophia Chen
Download or read book Financial Constraints, Intangible Assets, and Firm Dynamics written by Sophia Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I study whether firms' reliance on intangible assets is an important determinant of financing constraints. I construct new measures of firm-level physical and intangible assets using accounting information on U.S. public firms. I find that firms with a higher share of intangible assets in total assets start smaller, grow faster, and have higher Tobin’s q. Asset tangibility predicts firm dynamics and Tobin’s q up to 30 years but has diminishing predicative power. I develop a model of endogenous financial constraints in which firm size and value are limited by the enforceability of financial contracts. Asset tangibility matters because physical and intangible assets differ in their residual value when the contract is repudiated. This mechanism is qualitatively important to explain stylized facts of firm dynamics and Tobin’s q.
Book Synopsis Financial Constraints, Intangible Assets, and Firm Dynamics by : Sophia Chen
Download or read book Financial Constraints, Intangible Assets, and Firm Dynamics written by Sophia Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I study whether firms' reliance on intangible assets is an important determinant of financing constraints. I construct new measures of firm-level physical and intangible assets using accounting information on U.S. public firms. I find that firms with a higher share of intangible assets in total assets start smaller, grow faster, and have higher Tobin’s q. Asset tangibility predicts firm dynamics and Tobin’s q up to 30 years but has diminishing predicative power. I develop a model of endogenous financial constraints in which firm size and value are limited by the enforceability of financial contracts. Asset tangibility matters because physical and intangible assets differ in their residual value when the contract is repudiated. This mechanism is qualitatively important to explain stylized facts of firm dynamics and Tobin’s q.
Book Synopsis Financial Constraints, Uses of Funds and Firm Growth: and International Comparison by : Vojislav Maksimovi?, Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt
Download or read book Financial Constraints, Uses of Funds and Firm Growth: and International Comparison written by Vojislav Maksimovi?, Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1996 The findings suggest that across very different financial systems, financial markets and intermediaries have a comparative advantage in funding short-term investment. An active, though not necessarily large, stock market and high scores on an index of respect for legal norms are associated with faster than predicted rates of firm growth. Government subsidies to industry do not increase the proportion of firms growing faster than predicted. Demirgüç-Kunt and Maksimovic focus on two issues. First, they examine whether firms in different countries finance long-term and short-term investment similarly. Second, they investigate whether differences in financial systems and legal institutions across countries are reflected in the ability of firms to grow faster than they might have by relying on their internal resources or short-term borrowing. Across their sample, they find: * Positive correlations between investment in plant and equipment and retained earnings. * Negative correlations between investment in plant and equipment and external financing. * Negative correlations between investment in short-term assets and retained earnings. * Positive correlations between investment in short-term assets and external financing. These findings suggest that across very different financial systems, financial markets and intermediaries have a comparative advantage in funding short-term investment. For each firm in their sample, they estimate a predicted rate at which it can grow if it does not rely on long-term external financing. They show that the proportion of firms that grow faster than the predicted rate in each country is associated with specific features of the legal system, financial markets, and institutions. An active, though not necessarily large, stock market and high scores on an index of respect for legal norms are associated with faster than predicted rates of firm growth. They present evidence that the law-and-order index measures the ability of creditors and debtors to enter into long-term contracts. Government subsidies to industry do not increase the proportion of firms growing faster than predicted. This paper - a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the impact of financial constraints on firm growth.
Book Synopsis Intangible Assets, Firm Dynamics and Macroeconomic Aggregates by : Mark Rempel
Download or read book Intangible Assets, Firm Dynamics and Macroeconomic Aggregates written by Mark Rempel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do frictions associated with idea-based, 'intangible' capital shape firm dynamics, innovative activity and the distribution of their rewards? I isolate and study three particular distinctive features of intangible assets across three corresponding chapters of my dissertation. The first chapter focuses on the resulting strategic interactions and externalities between firms associated with innovative capital, the second chapter examines the amplification of persistent information frictions within firms between investors and management, while the third chapter hones in on the increased transferability of productivity between firms in the merger and acquisition (M&A) market. Chapter 1: I study the role of asymmetric intellectual property protection (IPP) investments, such as patent portfolios and legal teams, in shaping innovation and entry barriers. I develop a framework where IP protection activities which endogenously creates large, innovative `superstar' firms, helping to rationalize: (i) a substantially thicker right tail in the sales distribution; (ii) increased average levels and dispersion of valuation ratios (market to book); (iii) within firm associations of market power and R&D investments, and (iv) low startup entry rates. I structurally estimate the model on a US firm-matched patent portfolio and IP litigation event dataset. Although improving the precision and strength of IP enforcement may maximize economic growth, the deadweight losses from patent-protected monopolies are estimated to be large. In fact, weakening of patent protections increases consumer welfare by more moderately increasing economic growth while significantly reducing monopoly pricing distortions. Chapter 2: How much does firm intangibility amplify CEOs' persistent private information and reduce firms' public listing propensity? Francesco Celentano and I develop a model of competing public and private investors financing firms heterogeneously exposed to persistent private cashflows. Equilibrium financing is driven by information rent differentials in CEO compensation. We validate and structurally estimate the model using firm listing and CEO compensation data. We find private (intangible) cashflows exhibit 63% higher persistence than their tangible counterparts. Further, if firm intangibility levels returned to those of 1980, mean listing propensities would increase 5 percentage points while mean CEO variable pay growth would decrease by 62%. Chapter 3: Cash utilization in US merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions has increased over 50% since the early 1990s amidst a secular, global M&A boom. I pose a theory of R&D-intensive firm cash demand in general equilibrium driven by competitive pressures in the M&A market and a speed of execution advantage of cash over stock. Real-financial linkages are demonstrated, whereby low nominal interest rates and cash-fueled M&A can alter firm concentration and economic growth. A calibration to the US economy suggests that excessive antitrust enforcement may be detrimental for innovation-based growth when M&A is spurred by transferable productivity amongst R&D-intensive firms.
Book Synopsis Intangible Assets : Values, Measures, and Risks by : John R.M. Hand
Download or read book Intangible Assets : Values, Measures, and Risks written by John R.M. Hand and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003-02-20 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Productivity Growth and Finance: The Role of Intangible Assets - a Sector Level Analysis by : Lilas Demmou
Download or read book Productivity Growth and Finance: The Role of Intangible Assets - a Sector Level Analysis written by Lilas Demmou and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Investment in intangible assets has become an increasingly important driver of productivity growth in OECD countries. Facing stronger informational asymmetries and harder to value collateral, intangible investment is subject to more severe financial constraints and relies more on internal rather than external capital. To test the hypothesis that the availability of finance, and financial development in particular, is more important for productivity growth in sectors that are intensive in intangible assets, an empirical analysis is carried over a panel of 32 countries and 30 industries, from 1990 to 2014. Overall, results confirm that the impact of financial development on labour productivity is not uniform across sectors. It varies based on country-specific institutional settings and sector-specific characteristics such as the intangible asset intensity, financial structure and external financial dependence. Policies and institutional settings may relax financial constraints by: i) altering the overall composition of finance; ii) encouraging competition and iii) strengthening the legal environment in which businesses operate
Book Synopsis The Missing Link Between Financial Constraints and Productivity by : Marialuz Moreno Badia
Download or read book The Missing Link Between Financial Constraints and Productivity written by Marialuz Moreno Badia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global financial crisis has reopened the debate on the potential spillover effects from the financial sector to the real economy. This paper adds to that debate by providing new evidence on the link between finance and firm-level productivity, focusing on the case of Estonia. We contribute to the literature in two important respects: (i) we look explicitly at the role of financial constraints; and (ii) we develop a methodology that corrects for the misspecification problems of previous studies. Our results indicate that young and highly indebted firms tend to be more financially constrained. Overall, a large number of firms shows some degree of financial constraints, with firms in the primary sector being the most constrained. More importantly, we find that financial constraints do not lower productivity for most sectors.
Book Synopsis The Economic Importance of Intangible Assets by : Patrizio Bianchi
Download or read book The Economic Importance of Intangible Assets written by Patrizio Bianchi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of a two-year interdisciplinary research programme named PRISM (Policy making, Reporting and measuring, Intangibles, Skills development and Management), financed by the European Commission and aimed both at understanding better how these assets are created and developed and what the policy implications of their growing importance in economies are. The book focuses on the policy issues raised by the increasing importance of intangible assets in a country's growth and competitiveness. The main idea is that the value of intangible assets, which is imperfectly captured by current economic indicators and imperfectly formalized in economic theory, lies in their being the cumulative elements that keep the economy together - the glue of the system. This argument leads to the focus on networks and social capital as drivers of the development of intangible assets and is illustrated by the case of EU innovation and knowledge diffusion policy.
Book Synopsis Strategy, Value and Risk by : Jamie Rogers
Download or read book Strategy, Value and Risk written by Jamie Rogers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-12 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current transformation of the global economy is being driven by new fundamental innovations, digitalization, industry dynamics and climate change. The impact of this transformation in terms of value migration, industry boundaries, investment and firm continuity is vast. The fourth edition of Strategy, Value and Risk examines these issues, and how they will influence firms and industries in the future. Those aspects of the business environment that will have a significant impact on strategy, business models, investments and value are identified, and the accounting, finance, economic and quantitative principles that provide a foundation for the analysis of these issues are discussed. Part I: Strategy, Value and Risk provides the strategic, economic, accounting and financial framework. Strategy discusses technology and innovation, industry dynamics, globalization and industry concentration, climate change, industry boundaries and future value. Value discusses the accounting framework and corporate finance and investment, while Risk covers investment risk, corporate risk management and value and risk. Part II: Quantitative Analytics provides an overview of financial statistics, derivatives and derivative applications, and provides a background on the financial economics used in the analysis of physical, intangible, financial and energy assets. Part III: The Analysis of Investments, Transformation and Value examines platforms, data and analytics, the energy sector, pharmaceutical and biotech, a growth firm and media transformation, and applies the accounting, economic, financial and quantitative concepts. This fourth edition lays out scenarios that will likely shape firms and industries in the future, and has relevance to CFOs, corporate finance and investment professionals. Business model disruption, data and analytics, intangible assets and dynamic analysis are now key issues within the CFO role. Investment professionals are required to see the larger economic environment in which firms compete, assess a firm’s industry and its position within that industry, recognize which investments best serve its broad strategic goals and identify a firm’s capabilities and options. A background in the accounting, finance, economic, quantitative and valuation concepts that are relevant to the digital economy, new industries, business models and technologies is essential for finance professionals. This book addresses these issues within the context of the fundamental changes underway in the global economy, and provides applications of the techniques to illustrate the concepts.
Book Synopsis Intangible Asset Reallocation and Financial Frictions by : Yifei Wang
Download or read book Intangible Asset Reallocation and Financial Frictions written by Yifei Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I develop and estimate a novel dynamic model of the secondary market trading of intangible assets in an environment where financial market frictions interfere with firm investment. Intangible asset trading (IAT) not only serves as an alternative means of financing but also reallocates investment opportunities to firms in better positions to exploit them. Estimation of the model uncovers high trading frictions, but the option to trade still leads to significant efficiency gains. These gains stem both from IAT's direct effect on relaxing firms' financial constraints and especially from ex ante changes in firms' expectations, which influence their investment choices. I also show that the impact of financial frictions depends largely on the ease with which firms can trade intangibles. Finally, I present corroborating reduced-form evidence that firms sell a particular type of intangible asset, patents, during times of financial distress and their financial conditions appear to improve after these sales.
Book Synopsis Intangible Assets by : National Research Council
Download or read book Intangible Assets written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-09 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intangible assets-which include computer software, research and development (R&D), intellectual property, workforce training, and spending to raise the efficiency and brand identification of firms-comprise a subset of services, which, in turn, accounts for three-quarters of all economic activity. Increasingly, intangibles are a principal driver of the competitiveness of U.S.-based firms, economic growth, and opportunities for U.S. workers. Yet, despite these developments, many intangible assets are not reported by companies, and, in the national economic accounts, they are treated as expenses rather than investments. On June 23, 2008, a workshop was held to examine measurement of intangibles and their role in the U.S. and global economies. The workshop, summarized in the present volume, included discussions of a range of policy-relevant topics, including: what intangibles are and how they work; the variety and scale of emerging markets in intangibles; and what the government's role should be in supporting markets and promoting investment in intangibles.
Book Synopsis Identifying, Measuring, and Valuing Knowledge-Based Intangible Assets: New Perspectives by : Vallejo-Alonso, Belen
Download or read book Identifying, Measuring, and Valuing Knowledge-Based Intangible Assets: New Perspectives written by Vallejo-Alonso, Belen and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2010-10-31 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The main scope of the book is to highlight the importance of intangible resources in business management, evidenced in their measurement and financial valuation, and the need for a strategic analysis that enables them to be identified and then assessed"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis The Management of Intangibles by : Ahmed Bounfour
Download or read book The Management of Intangibles written by Ahmed Bounfour and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11-07 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of Intangibles and knowledge management is becoming increasingly significant, particularly in the realms of finance, marketing and strategy. Intangibles are the nebulous but vital aspects of companies, for example, R&D, knowledge creation, corporate identity and marketing and advertising expenditures, which are now unanimously considere
Book Synopsis Tangible Strategies for Intangible Assets by : John Berry
Download or read book Tangible Strategies for Intangible Assets written by John Berry and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2004-11-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intangible assets such as brands, patents, and intellectual capital are the new measures of corporate wealth. But one can't manage what one can't measure. And while assigning accurate valuations is a stringent requirement under new FASB accounting guidelines, it is far from easy. This book explains the latest thinking and techniques in measuring and managing intangibles. Innovative management disciplines like Balanced Scorecard are explained, while real-world examples from Amazon, eBay, and other firms demonstrate how companies are getting maximum advantage from all their intangible assets.
Download or read book Intangibles written by Baruch Lev and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2000-12-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive, scientifically based study of the nature and impact of intangibles. Weaving case studies and real-world examples with contemporary business theory, Baruch Lev - establishes an economic framework to analyze managerial and investment issues concerning intangibles; - surveys the impact of intangibles on corporate performance and market values, including management difficulties, risk, questions of property rights, marketability, and cost structure; - analyzes information deficiencies associated with intangibles, including the major economic principles governing intangible investments, limits of management information systems, and recommendations for improved accounting disclosure; - sets forth a comprehensive information system—aimed at satisfying the needs of both internal and external decision makers—to reflect the impact and value of intangibles within the context of enterprise performance.
Book Synopsis Intangibles, Market Failure and Innovation Performance by : Ahmed Bounfour
Download or read book Intangibles, Market Failure and Innovation Performance written by Ahmed Bounfour and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the issue of intangibles' contribution to growth at macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. It provides a review of a set of new approaches to innovation growth. It also considers the issue of how to invest in intangibles, especially with regard to the market failure issue. The book focusses on three major themes: First it provides a better understanding of how intangibles contribute to economic growth and value creation. In a second part it presents emerging practices as well as examples of market failure, analyzing managerial practices in relationship to market imperfections. Finally the book links the value of intangibles with innovation and the performance of firms.
Book Synopsis Equity Value Enhancement by : Carl L. Sheeler
Download or read book Equity Value Enhancement written by Carl L. Sheeler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed look at risk identification and value creation in private equity investment Equity Value Enhancement ("EVE"): Governance, Risk, Relationships & Knowledge ("GRRK") provides the information and tools practitioners and business owners need to work with the multitude of intangibles ("GRRK") in equity investment decisions. The author engages readers with an insightful and brief claim: "Values are more than numbers." He then provides support for just how important human capital is to the value creation paradox. He doesn't stop there because ideas without definitive actions don't promote transformation. He further challenges the reader with: "If you don't think outside of the box, you're doomed to live in the box." A user-friendly manual chock full of vignettes, suggestions and pithy commentary EVE is a must read for owners, officers, boards and advisors to derive understanding of business value drivers. This book teaches the reader how to conduct more intangible asset due diligence as well as what decisions and behaviors impact value. With more effective methods of risk identification, measurement, management, and mitigation ("IMMM"), trusted advisors and owners can establish a "working on the business" strategy to prioritize issues impacting a company's intangible assets – assets which almost inevitably create the largest component of value in flourishing companies. This focus also serves to reduce risk while leveraging human capital and operational effectiveness. This book challenges users of value enhancement and valuation services to demand greater intellectual rigor to best serve owners/investors of the United States' economic engine—the midmarket company. Therefore, readers are challenged to look beyond the common metrics and numbers. They are admonished to rely less on formulaic approaches and on software that can generate spurious opinions. The reader is called to action by the author, a US Marine Combat Officer veteran, to lead the change: "You burn the boats if you want to be sure you succeed taking the island." Trillions of dollars of private equity are changing hands as Baby Boomer owners and investors seek greater liquidity and legacies while investors seek higher returns from direct investment in private companies. This book provides risk and human capital guidance removing some of the guesswork on valuation and value creation. Provide better evidence of value & equity discounts Identify and quantify risk and provide tools to manage it Inform better business management and investment decisions Create a more comprehensive valuation for equity investments Roadmap and strategy for enhancement of going concern value Governance, Risk and Compliance ("GRC") management are hot topics in today's economic environment. The familiar financial metrics may not be providing adequate indications of value creation – the core principle of most shareholder investment expectation. To identify risk and work with it effectively, practitioners need an in-depth understanding of the forces at play. Equity Value Enhancement is a detailed, insightful guide for making better equity decisions. Finally, the author puts his passion front and center by offering the reader the opportunity to invest in the human capital this book addresses by encouraging support of military veteran's with combat PTSD so they may be productive citizens with the leadership and business skills provided by our country's "Greatest Generation."
