Fighter Aces of the RAF in the Battle of Britain

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Author :
Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1783409029
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (834 download)

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Book Synopsis Fighter Aces of the RAF in the Battle of Britain by : Philip Kaplan

Download or read book Fighter Aces of the RAF in the Battle of Britain written by Philip Kaplan and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2008-03-25 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the reality behind the myths of the legendary RAF fighter aces during the Battle of Britain. The accounts of the experiences of fighter pilots are based on archival research, diaries, letters, published and unpublished memoirs and personal interviews with veterans.

Luftwaffe Aces in the Battle of Britain

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Author :
Publisher : Air World
ISBN 13 : 1526754223
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Luftwaffe Aces in the Battle of Britain by : Chris Goss

Download or read book Luftwaffe Aces in the Battle of Britain written by Chris Goss and published by Air World. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An extraordinary analysis of the ‘scores’ chalked up by individual fighter pilots serving in the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain. So much detail!” —Books Monthly The term “fighter ace” grew in prominence with the introduction and development of aerial combat in the First World War. The actual number of aerial victories required to officially qualify as an “ace” has varied but is usually considered to be five or more. For the Luftwaffe, a number of its fighter pilots, many of whom had fought with the Legion Condor in Spain, had already gained their Experte, or ace, status in the Battle of France. However, many more would achieve that status in the hectic dogfights over southern England and the Channel during the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940. A number would also be either killed or captured. Some of these men, individuals such as Adolf Galland, Werner Mölders, and Helmut Wick, who between them had claimed 147 aerial victories by October 31st1940, are well-known, but most are less so. In this book, the story of each of the Luftwaffe’s 204 Messerschmitt Bf 109 “aces” from the summer of 1940 is examined, with all of the individual biographies, detailing individual fates during the war, being highly illustrated throughout. Original German records from the summer of 1940, have been examined, providing a definitive list of each pilot’s individual claims. It also covers, to a lesser extent, those forgotten fifty-three Messerschmitt Bf 110 pilots who also achieved ace status by day and also by night between 10 July and 31 October 1940. “A fascinating book indeed.” —UK Historian

Scramble!

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Author :
Publisher : Greenhill Books
ISBN 13 : 1784386731
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Scramble! by : J R D 'Bob' Braham

Download or read book Scramble! written by J R D 'Bob' Braham and published by Greenhill Books. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J. R. D. ‘Bob’ Braham was Britain’s most-decorated fighter pilot and one of the most successful fighter pilots of World War II. Joining the RAF in 1938 at the age of 18, he was posted to No. 29 Squadron at Debdon, where he learned to fly the Hawker Hurricane and Bristol Blenheim. By 1939, the squadron had become a specialised night fighting unit and Braham gained his first victory in August 1940. From that point on, he was constantly in action. Famed for his individual night-time intruder sorties, he also took part in the Peenemiinde raid, the Battle of Britain, and the fight against the V1s and V2s during the Blitz. In 1943, battle fatigued, he moved into an operational role but continued to fly operations until June 1944 when he was shot down and captured. Having completed 316 missions, he spent the next eleven months as a Prisoner of War, and was finally liberated in May 1945. With 29 confirmed combat victories, Braham achieved more success in night fighting than almost any other RAF pilot and was awarded the triple Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC), the triple Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and the Air Force Cross (AFC). Told in his own words, with all the spirit and dynamism for which he was known as a pilot, this is Braham’s extraordinary story.

Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 1939–42

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Author :
Publisher : Casemate
ISBN 13 : 1612008496
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 1939–42 by : Neil Page

Download or read book Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 1939–42 written by Neil Page and published by Casemate. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pictorial history of Hitler’s fighter pilots that “will be of great interest to aircraft modelers and aviation historians alike” (AMPS Indianapolis). Military and aviation history enthusiasts have always been interested in the fighter pilots of Hitler’s Luftwaffe. Around five hundred Luftwaffe fighter pilots were awarded the Knight’s Cross, accumulating huge numbers of missions flown. A similar number achieved more than forty victories—more than the two leading USAF and RAF fighter pilots. Indeed, some of their stories are extraordinary. Fighting from the Arctic Circle to the North African deserts, from the Caucasus in the East to Normandy in the West, the German fighter pilot flew and fought until he was shot down, “flown out,” wounded, or killed in action. A handful survived from “first to last.” This first volume of Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe traces the story of the Luftwaffe’s day fighter arm (der Tagjagd) from its inception to 1942. Organized campaign by campaign, this chronological account interweaves brief biographical details, newly translated personal accounts, and key moments in the careers of a host of notable and lesser-known Luftwaffe aces.

Fighter Pilot

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Publisher : Amberley Publishing Limited
ISBN 13 : 1445646129
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Fighter Pilot by : Helen Doe

Download or read book Fighter Pilot written by Helen Doe and published by Amberley Publishing Limited. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A family-authorised biography of one of the top-scoring aces of the Battle of Britain.

Beaufighter Aces of World War 2

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472801717
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Beaufighter Aces of World War 2 by : Andrew Thomas

Download or read book Beaufighter Aces of World War 2 written by Andrew Thomas and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entering service at the end of the Battle of Britain, the pugnacious Bristol Beaufighter was deployed in numbers by Fighter Command just in time for the start of the Luftwaffe's night 'Blitz' on Britain. Flown by specialised nightfighter squadrons – several of them elite pre-war Auxiliary Air Force units – it was the first nightfighter to be equipped with an airborne radar as standard. Thus equipped, it combined the ability to 'see' the enemy at night with the devastating hitting power of four cannon and six machine guns. This book covers the exploits of the men who made ace in the Beaufighter and includes stunning original artwork together with first hand accounts of the action.

With Great Sacrifice and Bravery

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Publisher : Merriam Press
ISBN 13 : 157638330X
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (763 download)

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Book Synopsis With Great Sacrifice and Bravery by : Glenn Knoblock

Download or read book With Great Sacrifice and Bravery written by Glenn Knoblock and published by Merriam Press. This book was released on 2004-05 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is presented to the reader with several ideas in mind. First, it is the author''s hope that, in some small way, it will help preserve the memory of a little known pilot who fought, not only for his own country, but also for France and England during the early, dark days of World War II. While Waclaw Lapkowski was an experienced pilot who became one of Poland''s aces during the war, his early demise, like that of so many others, has relegated his achievements to the back pages of history, making them nearly forgotten. However, in referring to pilots such as Lapkowski, the great British ace Robert Stanford-Tuck cites the many men "who were credited with six, seven, or eight victories", pilots that "formed the bulk and guts of our fighter force." The second reason for producing this work is the unique use of official combat and operations reports from the Royal Air Force (RAF). Many of those who are interested in World War II aviation and fighter aces have read the biographies, and first-hand accounts of air combat contained within, of such men as Douglas Bader, Witold Urbanowicz, Adolph Galland, and Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, to name just a few. But what of those "aces" that did not survive to tell their story? How are they to be remembered? In the case of those who served with the RAF, the answer is, in part, through the use of official combat reports and related documents. While these official RAF and Polish Air Force (PAF) records do not sound particularly exciting, a glance at the surviving records quickly proves otherwise. Indeed, the title of this book consists of a borrowed phrase from one such report, and is a small example of the many dramatic events recorded within, often in the pilot''s own words. While these reports have been an important source for many works on the RAF and PAF and its achievements during the war, never before, to the author''s knowledge, have official combat reports been presented to the reading public in their original form. Though not originally intended for public view, they nonetheless make for exciting and informative reading and will be of interest not only to those with a passing interest in World War II aviation, but to the serious student as well. While the author was unable to obtain combat reports for all of Lapkowski''s flights, those that were procured for September 1940 and June 1941 are of particular interest as they highlight all of the "kills" that he made while serving in the RAF. The final reason for choosing to write about Waclaw Lapkowski is due to the availability of wartime artifacts connected with his service in the RAF. About a year ago the author came in contact with a man who owned a portion of Lapkowski''s Hurricane fighter, which was legally excavated in 1979. The author subsequently obtained a small piece of the wreckage for his personal collection, while the collector retained the remains of its Merlin engine, the prop boss, its Browning machine guns, and other items formerly on display at an aviation museum. Once this artifact was in the author''s possession, he became interested in finding out about Lapkowski, his career, and his subsequent fate. While this work gives much information about 303 Squadron, it is not, however, a squadron history. While a book entitled Squadron 303 was published in London in 1942, written by Arkady Fiedler, it was not intended as an exacting history of the unit. Instead, it was a nice work of wartime public relations to help explain the Polish contribution in general terms during the Battle of Britain. Despite its shortcomings, Fiedler''s book deserves its own place in the annals of aviation history. Copies by the thousands were smuggled into Nazi-held Poland and served not only to show that those who had left Poland were still fighting for their country, but served as an inspiration to those left behind to continue their resistance. No definitive squadron history has yet been translated into English. What the author found out, from the official combat reports, and various published sources, uniquely combined with available archaeological artifacts, was fascinating. What emerged from the records is a story worth telling. Waclaw Lapkowski, though not famous like such other Polish aces as Stanislaw Skalski, Jan Zumbach, or Urbanowicz, had an interesting and distinguished career. He was in the thick of battle at the outset of the war, when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, and saw subsequent service during the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain in 1940. He achieved air victories in two out of three of these campaigns, and is one of only a handful of men, less than 150 in number, who served in all three campaigns. To borrow a phrase from the British, Waclaw Lapkowski truly was one of "The Few", men whose skill and bravery helped stem the tide of German aggression and made Allied victory possible, at the cost of their own lives.

The Battle of Britain

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780027445909
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis The Battle of Britain by : Richard Alexander Hough

Download or read book The Battle of Britain written by Richard Alexander Hough and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the aircraft, pilots, tactics, and results of the three-month Battle of Britain in 1940.

The Fighter Aces of the R.A.F., 1939-1945

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Fighter Aces of the R.A.F., 1939-1945 by : E. C. R. Baker

Download or read book The Fighter Aces of the R.A.F., 1939-1945 written by E. C. R. Baker and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

RAF Fighter Pilots in WWII

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Publisher : Pen and Sword
ISBN 13 : 1473865719
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (738 download)

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Book Synopsis RAF Fighter Pilots in WWII by : Martin W. Bowman

Download or read book RAF Fighter Pilots in WWII written by Martin W. Bowman and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a pulsating account of the young RAF fighter boys who flew Spitfires, Hurricanes and Defiants in England against the Luftwaffe and from Malta 1940-45 against the Regia Aeronautica. Their story is told using combat reports and first person accounts from RAF, German and Commonwealth pilots who fought in the skies in France in 1940, in England during the Battle of Britain, and in the great air offensives over Occupied Europe from 1942 onwards. Chapters include the stories of Wing Commander D. R. S. Bader, Wing Commander Adolph Gysbert 'Sailor' Malan, Oberleutnant Ulrich Steinhilper, Flight Lieutenant H. M. Stephen, Squadron Leader Robert Stanford Tuck, 'Johnny' Johnson, Squadron Leader M. N. Crossley, Squadron Leader A. McKellar, 'Cowboy' Blatchford and Squadron Leader D. H. Smith, an Australian veteran of the Battle of Malta and many others whose names have now become legendary.

Double Threat

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Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487533624
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Double Threat by : Ellin Bessner

Download or read book Double Threat written by Ellin Bessner and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "He died so Jewry should suffer no more." These words on a Canadian Jewish soldier's tombstone in Normandy inspired the author to explore the role of Canadian Jews in the war effort. As PM Mackenzie King wrote in 1947, Jewish servicemen faced a "double threat" - they were not only fighting against Fascism but for Jewish survival. At the same time, they encountered widespread antisemitism and the danger of being identified as Jews if captured. Bessner conducted hundreds of interviews and extensive archival research to paint a complex picture of the 17,000 Canadian Jews - about 10 per cent of the Jewish population in wartime Canada - who chose to enlist, including future Cabinet minister Barney Danson, future game-show host Monty Hall, and comedians Wayne and Shuster. Added to this fascinating account are Jews who were among the so-called "Zombies" - Canadians who were drafted, but chose to serve at home - the various perspectives of the Jewish community, and the participation of Canadian Jewish women.

Life as a Battle of Britain Pilot

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Author :
Publisher : The History Press
ISBN 13 : 0752470493
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (524 download)

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Book Synopsis Life as a Battle of Britain Pilot by : Jonathan Falconer

Download or read book Life as a Battle of Britain Pilot written by Jonathan Falconer and published by The History Press. This book was released on 2011-09-16 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southern England. Late summer 1940. The nation is fighting for its very survival and the Luftwaffe's aerial offensive is unrelenting. All that lies between invasion and salvation for Britain is the 'thin blue line' of RAF Fighter Command and its pilots. This newly illustrated anniversary edition of Life as a Battle of Britain Pilot reveals what it was like to fly a fighter plane in the Battle of Britain. Who were the Spitfire and Hurricane pilots of 1940? How did they spend a typical day? And when pitched together in combat at 30,000 feet, which was the better machine - Spitfire or Me109? Read Life as a Battle of Britain Pilot and then ask yourself: would I have been up to the job?

Sailor' Malan—Freedom Fighter

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Publisher : Air World
ISBN 13 : 1526795272
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Sailor' Malan—Freedom Fighter by : Dilip Sarkar MBE

Download or read book Sailor' Malan—Freedom Fighter written by Dilip Sarkar MBE and published by Air World. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolph Gysbert Malan was born in Wellington, South Africa. A natural leader and driven individual with a totally positive outlook, aged fourteen Malan became an officer cadet in the South African Merchant Navy, before being commissioned into the Royal Navy Reserve. Well-travelled and worldly-wise, aged twenty-five the intrepid adventurer applied for a Short Service Commission in the RAF. Universally known as ‘Sailor’ in the RAF, Malan became a fighter pilot. Shortly after war was declared, Malan was involved in the infamous ‘Battle of Barking Creek’, in which 74 Squadron mistakenly destroyed friendly Hurricanes. Then, over Dunkirk in May 1940, Malan’s exceptional ability was immediately demonstrated in combat and a string of confirmed aerial victories rapidly accumulated. The following month, Malan scored the Spitfire’s first nocturnal kill. By August 1940 he was commanding 74 Squadron, which he led with great distinction during the Battle of Britain. In March 1941, Malan was promoted and became the first Wing Commander (Flying) at Biggin Hill, leading the three-squadron-strong Spitfire wing during operations over northern France. After a break from operations, Malan went on to command a succession of fighter training units, passing on his tactical genius and experience, and producing his famous ‘Ten Rules of Air Fighting’ which are still cited today. By the war’s end, Group Captain Malan was the RAF’s tenth top-scoring fighter pilot. Leaving the RAF in 1945 and returning to South Africa, he was disgusted by Apartheid and founded the ‘Torch Commando’ of ex-servicemen against this appalling racist policy. This part of Malan’s life is equally as inspirational, in fact, as his wartime service, and actually tells us more about the man than just his RAF record. Tragically, in 1963, he died, prematurely, aged just fifty-three, of Parkinson’s. Written with the support of the Malan family, this biography is the full story of a remarkable airman and politician.

Flying, Fighting and Reflection

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Author :
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1784383910
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Flying, Fighting and Reflection by : Peter Jacobs

Download or read book Flying, Fighting and Reflection written by Peter Jacobs and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2018-09-30 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the thrilling account of the last remaining Battle of Britain ace fighter pilot, Tom Ginger Neil. Neil was one of an elite band, nicknamed The Few by Winston Churchill, he flew Hurricanes during 141 combat missions in that battle and went on to command the first Spitfire XII squadron during 1942/43 as the RAF went on the offensive in north-west Europe.In this, the only full account of Neil's life to be published in collaboration with his family, we learn how he became a poster boy for the war effort and how he credits his sixth sense for keeping him alive during the Second World War.There was, however, one terrifyingly close brush with death, when in 1940 he had a mid-air collision with another Hurricane. With the rear section of his aircraft gone, the plane was out of control and hurtling to the ground, yet somehow he managed to bail out and miraculously survived with only a minor leg injury.As well as RAF service during the Siege of Malta, Wing Commander Neil, who is now in his late nineties, also served with the Americans during the D-Day landings.During his career, Neil was awarded two Distinguished Flying Crosses for the destruction of at least fourteen enemy aircraft, and was a successful test pilot after the war before commanding a jet fighter-reconnaissance squadron in Egypt's troubled Canal Zone during the 1950s for which he was awarded the Air Force Cross.With contributions from the man himself, this book also looks at his life after the RAF and his career as a successful author. For military buffs and novices alike, it is a must-read account of a true war hero.

Aces High, Volume 1

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Author :
Publisher : Grub Street Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1909808423
Total Pages : 1266 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Aces High, Volume 1 by : Christopher Shores

Download or read book Aces High, Volume 1 written by Christopher Shores and published by Grub Street Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First in the Aces High series—a military reference of the fighter pilots who had five or more confirmed victories while serving in the Royal Air Force. Introduced by the French quite early in World War I, the term “ace” was used to describe a pilot credited with five or more aerial victories. But in the United Kingdom, the term was never officially recognized. Becoming an ace was partly luck, especially considering the campaigns in which they flew and the areas of combat. There are three distinct kinds of aces: the defensive ace, the offensive ace, and the night fighter. This book is a revised collection of the biographies of the highest scoring Allied fighter pilots of World War II—including those with the confirmed claims of shooting down five aircraft and those pilots with lower scores but whose wartime careers prove them worthy of inclusion. All details of their combat are arranged in tabular form. Included are a selection of photographs from hitherto private collections. “There are some authors whose name alone is sufficient reason to but a book, and Christopher Shores is surely one of these . . . By profession a chartered surveyor, he served in the Royal Air Force in the 1950s so his writing bears the stamp of authenticity.” —HistoryNet

The Battle of Britain

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Author :
Publisher : Batsford Books
ISBN 13 : 1849943168
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (499 download)

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Book Synopsis The Battle of Britain by : Richard Townshend, Bickers

Download or read book The Battle of Britain written by Richard Townshend, Bickers and published by Batsford Books. This book was released on 2015-06-25 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the summer of 1940, the overwhelming might of the German air force had triumphed over Poland, Norway, France, Holland and Belgium. As the fighters and bombers of the Luftwaffe amassed on the north west coast of Europe, they had no reason to believe that the heavily outnumbered squadrons of the Royal Air Force (RAF) would prove any more difficult to overcome than their earlier opponents. However, these illusions of invulnerability were soon to be shattered in whirling combats over southern England in the conflict that would be known as the Battle of Britain.

Douglas Bader

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Author :
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (662 download)

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Book Synopsis Douglas Bader by : Charles River

Download or read book Douglas Bader written by Charles River and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of August 2012, the BBC ran a report about the commemoration of a young man who had been killed over 70 years earlier. "A Battle of Britain pilot who was killed when his Spitfire crashed following a dogfight in the skies above Kent has been honored. Flying Officer Oswald St John 'Ossie' Pigg lost his life in the crash at Elvey Farm on 1 September 1940. The 22-year-old had been involved in an aerial fight with a Messerschmitt. A plaque was unveiled near the site by his niece Stephanie Haigh and the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight carried out a flypast on Thursday." The sentiment and gratitude Churchill expressed back in 1940 is very much alive today. The sacrifice made by "The Few", the British and Allied fighter pilots who won the Battle of Britain in 1940, remains close to the hearts of the British public, and the piece by the BBC is typical of the national sentiment manifested in air shows, museums, TV programs and books. Even as the last of "The Few" pass on, it seems unlikely that the legend they helped to create will be forgotten anytime soon. There are a number of reasons for that, chief among them the belief that it was this handful of men, many of them barely out of school, who prevented Nazi Germany from conquering Britain on their own. With the comfort of hindsight, historians now suggest that the picture was actually more complex than that, but the Battle of Britain, fought throughout the summer and early autumn of 1940, was unquestionably epic in scope. The largest air campaign in history at the time, the vaunted Nazi Luftwaffe sought to smash the RAF as a prelude to German invasion, leaving the British public and its pilots engaged in what they believed was a desperate fight for national survival. Thankfully, the RAF stood toe-to-toe with the Luftwaffe and ensured Hitler's planned invasion was permanently put on hold. The Allied victory in the Battle of Britain inflicted a psychological and physical defeat on the Luftwaffe and Nazi regime at large, and as the last standing bastion of democracy in Europe, Britain would provide the toehold for the June 1944 invasion of Europe that liberated the continent. For those reasons alone, the Battle of Britain was one of the decisive turning points of history's deadliest conflict. Of course, the RAF was instrumental in other ways during the war. The RAF supported Allied forces all over the world, from Norway to Burma to Tunisia, and the RAF conducted devastating bombing campaigns against German industry and cities. In the end, the Allies emerged victorious, even as Britain fell behind other leading nations in air technology. World War II witnessed the birth of the jet age, a future glimpsed briefly in the spectacular but doomed appearance of the Messerschmitt Me 262 near the war's end, and Britain would be the only nation other than Germany with a jet fighter in combat by the time World War II was through. Given the RAF's importance, it should come as no surprise that some of the pilots ranked among Britain's most recognized war heroes, and Douglas Bader remains one of the most famous British soldiers in World War II. He has become synonymous with courage and perseverance in adversity, especially since both his legs were amputated after an air crash in 1931, yet he managed to continue flying and return to the RAF at the outbreak of the war in 1939. He became a well-decorated and highly promoted fighter ace before being shot down and taken prisoner by the Germans, and as a prisoner of war for three and a half years, he made persistent attempts to escape, despite the considerable difficulties posed by having two artificial legs, until he was sent to Colditz. After the war, he received a knighthood and many other awards for his charitable work in support of disabled war veterans.