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Field Validation Of Air Source Heat Pumps For Cold Climates
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Book Synopsis Field Validation of Air-Source Heat Pumps for Cold Climates by :
Download or read book Field Validation of Air-Source Heat Pumps for Cold Climates written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating energy is the largest end-use for U.S. residential buildings accounting for approximately one-third of residential building energy consumption (EIA 2021). Historically, air-source heat pumps have been limited to temperate climates because of subpar performance at extremely cold outdoor air temperatures. However, recent advances to cold-climate air-source heat pump technology, which typically rely on inverter-driven, variable-speed compressors and variable-speed fans, have significantly improved low-temperature heat pump performance enabling the technology to save energy for many homes in cold climates. The primary objective of this project was to measure in-field performance of centrally ducted, variable-capacity air-source heat pumps in cold climates to validate performance and develop field-based performance maps. The project focused on quantifying heat pump performance at cold temperatures. The sites identified for the study were primarily located in the Northwest United States since homes in the region tend to have all-electric space heating systems and high-efficiency heat pumps have been incentivized in the region for several years. NREL partnered with Ecotope, Inc., a small energy consulting firm located in Seattle, WA, for site recruitment, monitoring equipment installation, data quality management. All the sites included in the study had previously installed a high-efficiency, central heat pump system. One site was in a Denver, CO suburb, which was the only dual fuel heat pump in the study. We used airside and power measurements, collected at 5-second intervals, to quantify heat pump capacity, coefficient of performance (COP), and auxiliary heater energy consumption. We developed algorithms to automatically determine the heat pump operating mode including defrost and auxiliary heating operation. A whole-house thermal and duct audit was completed during the initial site visit to estimate winter heating loads and assess heat pump sizing. Whole-home heating design loads were calculated at ASHRAE 99% design temperatures and compared to manufacturer-reported maximum capacities to assess the heat pump sizing at each site.
Book Synopsis Nordsyn study on air-to-water heat pumps in humid Nordic climate by : Stignor, Caroline Haglund
Download or read book Nordsyn study on air-to-water heat pumps in humid Nordic climate written by Stignor, Caroline Haglund and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study presented in this report has been performed for Nordsyn sponsored by the Nordic Council of Ministers. The aim of this study was to analyse if the information given on the energy labels of air-to-water heat pumps give consumers in Nordic countries sufficient information on energy performance. When comparing results from field measurements to declared values, it shows the declared values are usually better than the field data, especially in countries with humid climate. There could be several reasons for this deviation as non-optimal installations, bypass of control systems, old field data etc. The suspicion that the deviation is due to that the standard tests do not take humidity sufficiently into account could not be proved nor fully dismissed. Recommendations are given on how this could be further investigated, including field measurements in Nordic countries.
Book Synopsis Nordsyn study on air-to-air heat pumps in humid Nordic climate by : Stignor, Caroline Haglund
Download or read book Nordsyn study on air-to-air heat pumps in humid Nordic climate written by Stignor, Caroline Haglund and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was performed for Nordsyn sponsored by Nordic Council of Ministers. The aim was to analyse if the energy labels of air-to-air heat pumps give consumers in Nordic countries sufficient information on energy performance, since declared performance was suspected to be higher than in reality. Due to very few field measurements available, this suspicion could not be confirmed nor rejected. It was found that many heat pumps are declared for lower capacities compared to their intended use in the Nordic countries, to obtain a higher SCOP value on the energy label. Market surveillance tests show that it has become rarer that heat pumps defrost during the laboratory tests. Altogether the study shows that the current energy label does not give clear guidance to the consumer. Recommendations for field measurements as well as suggestions for standard and regulation developments are given.
Book Synopsis Field Validation of Zero Energy Lab Water-to-Water Ground Coupled Heat Pump Model by : Saif Abdulameer
Download or read book Field Validation of Zero Energy Lab Water-to-Water Ground Coupled Heat Pump Model written by Saif Abdulameer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat pumps are a vital part of each building for their role in keeping the space conditioned for the occupant. This study focuses on developing a model for the ground-source heat pump at the Zero Energy lab at the University of North Texas, and finding the minimum data required for generating the model. The literature includes many models with different approaches to determine the performance of the heat pump. Each method has its pros and cons. In this research the equation-fit method was used to generate a model based on the data collected from the field. Two experiments were conducted for the cooling mode: the first one at the beginning of the season and the second one at the peak of the season to cover all the operation conditions. The same procedure was followed for the heating mode. The models generated based on the collected data were validated against the experiment data. The error of the models was within ±10%. The study showed that the error could be reduced by 20% to 42% when using the field data to generate the model instead of the manufacturer's catalog data. Also it was found that the minimum period to generate the cooling mode model was two days and two hours from each experiment, while for the heating mode it was four days and two hours from each experiment.
Book Synopsis Heat Pumps for Cold Climate Heating by : Hui Huang
Download or read book Heat Pumps for Cold Climate Heating written by Hui Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air source heat pumps are mainly used for space heating, and have the advantages of environmental protection, energy saving, and comfort. Written by a leading heat pump technology expert, this book summarizes the research and applications of variable volume ratio two-stage vapor compression air source heat pump technology, and its use in cold climate regions. This book can be used for reference by scientific researchers and engineers engaged in research on air source heat pump technology, product development and popularization; and by energy management and policy researchers. It will also be of value to undergraduate and graduate students studying these areas of technology.
Book Synopsis Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates by : Vasile Minea
Download or read book Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates written by Vasile Minea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates: Design Principles, Potential Applications and Case Studies focuses on applications and cases studies of ground-source heat pumps in moderate and cold climates. It details technical aspects (such as materials, thermal fluid carriers and pumping, and drilling/trenching technologies), as well as the most common and uncommon application fields for basic system configurations. The principles of system integrations and applications in moderate and cold climates (such as hybrid, solar-assisted, thermo-syphon, foundation, mines, snow melting, district heating and cooling ground-source heat pump systems, etc.) are also presented, each followed by case studies. Based on the author's more than 30 years of technical experience Discusses ground-source heat pump technologies that can be successfully applied in moderate and cold climates Presents several case studies, including successful energy results, as well as the main lessons learned This work is aimed at designers of HVAC systems, as well as geological, mechanical, and chemical engineers implementing environmentally-friendly heating and cooling technologies for buildings.
Book Synopsis Energy Model to Evaluate Thermal Energy Storage Integrated with Air Source Heat Pumps: Preprint by :
Download or read book Energy Model to Evaluate Thermal Energy Storage Integrated with Air Source Heat Pumps: Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full decarbonization in buildings requires the replacement of combustion appliances with electric ones, and air source heat pumps (ASHP) are a candidate alternative. However, technical limitations, such as the efficiency decrease when operating in cold weather, limit their adoption in the global heating market. Among several options to improve ASHP efficiency operating in colder climates, thermal energy storage (TES) has been considered, as it may provide heating when it is cold and shift ASHP operation to times when the weather is warmer. It may also take advantage of time of use electricity rates and support defrosting when necessary. The evaluation of ASHP-TES systems, however, is still limited because traditional metrics do not capture their full economic and environmental benefits. In this work, a python framework is presented to model the ASHP with and without the presence of TES. Metrics are proposed to analyze the system performance in terms of costs, equivalent CO2 emission, and efficiency metrics to evaluate and compare alternative systems. Model validation against experimental data obtained for a commercial heat pump is provided, as well as an application example using Denver, Colorado, to highlight the model capabilities.
Book Synopsis Alternative test methods, declaration of capacity and test of heat pumps in multiple climates zones: A Nordsyn study on heat pumps in the context of Ecodesign and Energy labelling by : Gustafsson, Ola
Download or read book Alternative test methods, declaration of capacity and test of heat pumps in multiple climates zones: A Nordsyn study on heat pumps in the context of Ecodesign and Energy labelling written by Gustafsson, Ola and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2020-544/ The objectives of the study are to investigate three aspects concerning heat pumps in the context of ecodesign and energy labelling; potential synergies in testing for more than one climate zone, reduced incentives for low capacity declarations and alternative test methods. A possible alternative to the current test standard is the compensation method, which enables a test that includes the control system of the heat pump. This is closer to real life operation, enables independent market surveillance and provides incentives to develop efficient controls. Experience of using the compensation method for heat pumps for hydronic system are more limited than for air-to-air heat pumps
Book Synopsis High Efficiency Heat Pumps Can Pave the Path for Building Decarbonization in Cold Climates: Preprint by :
Download or read book High Efficiency Heat Pumps Can Pave the Path for Building Decarbonization in Cold Climates: Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat pumps play an instrumental role in buildings decarbonization strategies. Recent advances in heat pump systems employ variable-speed compressor technology and electronically commutated fan motors. Inherently, the heating capacity and efficiency of heat pumps decrease with falling outdoor temperatures. Compared to single-speed heat pumps, variable speed systems can maintain higher heating and cooling efficiencies over a wider range of outdoor temperatures. The goal of this multi-phase project was to determine the energy savings of a high efficiency, variable-speed, air-source, split system heat pump designed for cold climate applications. The first project phase was to evaluate the performance of the heat pump in the laboratory under varying outdoor conditions in heating and cooling modes. The second phase was to translate the laboratory-measured performance into lookup tables for EnergyPlus hourly building simulation engine. Then, two sets of annual building simulations were performed using typical meteorological year weather from the Chicago-O'Hare airport for three different building types (a single-family residence, a strip mall, and a low-rise office building). The first set simulated a standard efficiency heat pump while the second set utilized the phase two performance tables to model a high efficiency heat pump. The high efficiency heat pump produced significant annual heating energy savings in all three buildings. The variable speed compressor and fan control also contributed to cooling energy savings. The simulated annual energy savings ranged from 22% to 35% over their respective baseline. The project's findings helped a Midwest electric utility, Commonwealth Edison (ComEd), design new incentives around high efficiency heat pumps.
Book Synopsis Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates by : Vasile Minea
Download or read book Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates written by Vasile Minea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Cold and Moderate Climates: Fundamentals and Basic Concepts covers fundamentals and design principles of vertical and horizontal indirect and direct expansion closed-loop, as well as ground and surface-water ground-source heat pump systems. It explains the thermodynamic aspects of mechanical and thermochemical compression cycles of geothermal heat pumps, and describes the energetic, economic, and environmental aspects associated with the use of ground-source heat pump systems for heating and cooling residential and commercial/institutional buildings in moderate and cold climates. Based on the author's more than 30 years of technical experience Focuses on ground-source heat pump technologies that can be successfully applied in moderate and cold climates Discusses technical aspects as well as the most common and uncommon application fields of basic system configurations This work is aimed at designers of HVAC systems, as well as geological, mechanical, and chemical engineers implementing environmentally-friendly heating and cooling technologies for buildings.
Book Synopsis Performance Assessment of a Cold-climate Air Source Heat Pump by :
Download or read book Performance Assessment of a Cold-climate Air Source Heat Pump written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through these experiments, the cold-climate air source heat pump (CC-ASHP) system was shown to have a significant impact on overall house energy consumption. The impact of a CC-ASHP operation will be different for all types of homes and mechanical setups. For this reason, it should be noted that these findings are valid for the Canadian Centre forHousing Technology (CCHT) twin houses, and an energy model should be used when projecting the results to other situations. The CC-ASHP system assessed in these experiments was able to meet both the cooling needs and heating needs of the CCHT test house, a 210-m2 home built to R-2000 standards.
Book Synopsis Development of a High Performance Air Source Heat Pump for the US Market by :
Download or read book Development of a High Performance Air Source Heat Pump for the US Market written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat pumps present a significant advantage over conventional residential heating technologies due to higher energy efficiencies and less dependence on imported oil. The US development of heat pumps dates back to the 1930 s with pilot units being commercially available in the 1950 s. Reliable and cost competitive units were available in the US market by the 1960 s. The 1973 oil embargo led to increased interest in heat pumps prompting significant research to improve performance, particularly for cold climate locations. Recent increasing concerns on building energy efficiency and environmental emissions have prompted a new wave of research in heat pump technology with special emphasis on reducing performance degradation at colder outdoor air temperatures. A summary of the advantages and limitations of several performance improvement options sought for the development of high performance air source heat pump systems for cold climate applications is the primary focus of this paper. Some recommendations for a high performance cold climate heat pump system design most suitable for the US market are presented.
Book Synopsis Performance Assessment of High Efficiency Variable Speed Air-source Heat Pump in Cold Climate Applications by : Gregory Shoukas
Download or read book Performance Assessment of High Efficiency Variable Speed Air-source Heat Pump in Cold Climate Applications written by Gregory Shoukas and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimization of Energy Systems by : Ibrahim Din¿er
Download or read book Optimization of Energy Systems written by Ibrahim Din¿er and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential resource for optimizing energy systems to enhance design capability, performance and sustainability Optimization of Energy Systems comprehensively describes the thermodynamic modelling, analysis and optimization of numerous types of energy systems in various applications. It provides a new understanding of the system and the process of defining proper objective functions for determination of the most suitable design parameters for achieving enhanced efficiency, cost effectiveness and sustainability. Beginning with a general summary of thermodynamics, optimization techniques and optimization methods for thermal components, the book goes on to describe how to determine the most appropriate design parameters for more complex energy systems using various optimization methods. The results of each chapter provide potential tools for design, analysis, performance improvement, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Key features: Comprehensive coverage of the modelling, analysis and optimization of many energy systems for a variety of applications. Examples, practical applications and case studies to put theory into practice. Study problems at the end of each chapter that foster critical thinking and skill development. Written in an easy-to-follow style, starting with simple systems and moving to advanced energy systems and their complexities. A unique resource for understanding cutting-edge research in the thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a wide range of energy systems, Optimization of Energy Systems is suitable for graduate and senior undergraduate students, researchers, engineers, practitioners, and scientists in the area of energy systems.
Book Synopsis Field Performance Validation of an Advanced Design Earth-coupled Heat Pump System by : P. J. Hughes
Download or read book Field Performance Validation of an Advanced Design Earth-coupled Heat Pump System written by P. J. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Performance of a Residential Air-to-air Heat Pump by : George E. Kelly
Download or read book Dynamic Performance of a Residential Air-to-air Heat Pump written by George E. Kelly and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Moderate and Cold Climates, Two-Volume Set by : Vasile Minea
Download or read book Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Moderate and Cold Climates, Two-Volume Set written by Vasile Minea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Moderate and Cold Climates, Two-Volume Set focuses on the use of very low-temperature geothermal energy for heating and cooling residential, institutional, and industrial buildings, and aims to increase the design community’s awareness and knowledge of the benefits, design, and installation requirements of commercial/institutional building ground-source heat pumps (GSHP). This set helps readers assess applicability, select a GSHP system type, and estimate building thermal load to ensure proper size for ground-source subsystems, appropriate brine and groundwater flow rates, and apt design of building closed-loops with distributed or central geothermal heat pumps. The first volume addresses fundamentals and design principles of vertical and horizontal indirect and direct expansion closed-loop, as well as ground- and surface-water ground-source heat pump systems. It explains the thermodynamic aspects of mechanical and thermochemical compression cycles of geothermal heat pumps, as well as the energetic, economic, and environmental aspects associated with the use of ground-source heat pump systems for heating and cooling residential and commercial/institutional buildings in moderate and cold climates. The second volume focuses on applications and cases studies of ground-source heat pumps in moderate and cold climates. It details technical aspects, as well as the most common and uncommon application fields of basic system configurations. The principles of system integrations and applications in moderate and cold climates are also presented, each followed by case studies. This comprehensive work is aimed at designers of HVAC systems, as well as geological, mechanical, and chemical engineers implementing environmentally-friendly heating and cooling technologies for buildings.
