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Field Investigation Of The Corrosion Protection Performance Of Bridge Decks And Piles Constructed With Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel In Virginia
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Book Synopsis Field Investigation of the Corrosion Protection Performance of Bridge Decks and Piles Constructed with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia by :
Download or read book Field Investigation of the Corrosion Protection Performance of Bridge Decks and Piles Constructed with Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Summary Report on the Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia by : Richard E. Weyers
Download or read book Summary Report on the Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia written by Richard E. Weyers and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1992 to 2006, the Virginia Transportation Research Council and its contract researchers conducted a long-term systematic series of investigations to evaluate the corrosion protection effectiveness of epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) and to identify and recommend the best and most cost-effective corrosion protection system for Virginia bridge decks. This report summarizes this research and subsequent efforts to implement alternative reinforcement. The work was conducted, and is reported, in this general order: review of historical performance of ECR, ECR performance in solutions and concrete, and preliminary field investigations; investigation of field performance of bridge decks built with ECR; assessment of alternative corrosion protection methods; development of probabilistic service life models for bridge decks and laboratory assessment of ECR cores extracted from bridge decks to determine service life extension; efforts to implement alternative reinforcement. The series of studies demonstrated that the epoxy coating on ECR naturally degrades in the highly alkaline moist environment within concrete. The subsequent loss of bond, coupled with the inevitable flaws in the coating induced by construction, leads to an estimated service life benefit of ECR of as little as 3 to 5 years. Further, non-critical decks, beams, and substructure elements not exposed to marine environments, particularly on secondary and rural routes, can be cost-effectively constructed and maintained using low-permeability concrete and black reinforcing bar. However, because the Federal Highway Administration requires the use of corrosion-resistant reinforcement, and because ECR cannot provide adequate corrosion protection for structures designed for a 100-year+ service life as currently recommended by FHWA, the report recommends that the Virginia Department of Transportation amend its specifications regarding the use of ECR to require the use of corrosion-resistant metallic reinforcing bars such as MMFX2, stainless steel clad, and solid stainless steel.
Book Synopsis Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Highway Bridges by : Kenneth C. Clear
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Highway Bridges written by Kenneth C. Clear and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks by :
Download or read book Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the corrosion protection performance of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel (ECR) was evaluated using approximately 250 concrete cores from 18 bridge decks in Virginia. The decks were 2 to 20 years old at the time of the investigation. The deck field inspections included a crack survey and cover depth determination in the right traffic lane. A maximum of 12 cores with the top reinforcement randomly located in the lowest 12th percentile cover depth were taken from each bridge deck. Because of the safety concerns associated with taking cores from the lower steel mat, and to minimize damage to the bridge, a maximum of only 3 cores were taken through the truss bars. The laboratory evaluation of the concrete cores included a visual examination and a determination of the carbonation depth, moisture content, absorption, percent saturation, and chloride content at a 13-mm depth. The rapid chloride permeability test was also performed for the surface and base concrete on samples obtained from the cores taken through the truss bars to determine chloride permeability. The ECR inspection consisted of a visual examination, a damage evaluation, and a determination of coating thickness and adhesion. The condition of the steel underneath the epoxy coating was also evaluated. Adhesion loss of the epoxy coating to the steel surface was detected in all but one deck that was 4 years old and older. The epoxy coatings were debonding from the reinforcing bars. Whereas a bonded coating can be expected to protect the steel, a debonded coating allows chlorides, moisture, and oxygen to reach the steel and initiate a rapid corrosion mechanism. Reinforcing bars in various stages of adhesion loss showed visible signs of a corrosion process underneath the coating, suggesting that ECR will provide little or no additional service life for concrete bridge decks in comparison to bare steel. Other systems that will provide longer protection against chloride-induced corrosion of the reinforcing steel with a higher degree of reliability should be considered.
Book Synopsis Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks by : W. Pyc
Download or read book Field Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks written by W. Pyc and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Service Life Extension of Virginia Bridge Decks Afforded by Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement by : MC. Brown
Download or read book Service Life Extension of Virginia Bridge Decks Afforded by Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement written by MC. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted on concrete core samples each containing a single top-mat reinforcing steel bar from ten bridge decks in Virginia. Two of the bridges contained conventional, uncoated mild reinforcing steel (Bare), and eight of the bridges were constructed with epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR). The bridges ranged in age from 4 to 18 years, and were built under same specifications for concrete water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and cover depth. In the laboratory, the subject cores were prepared and corrosion activity was monitored via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy while subject to cyclic ponding of a 3 % NaCl solution over a 22-month exposure period. The relative corrosion performance of the Bare and ECR bars were evaluated, by comparison of the time to corrosion initiation and time to failure, as designated by visible cracking of the concrete cover. A stochastic model was employed, using bootstrap resampling techniques, to project the corrosion protection service life extension provided by epoxy-coated reinforcement as compared to Bare steel for the population of Virginia bridge decks. Less than 25 % of all Virginia bridge decks built under specifications in place since 1981 were projected to corrode sufficiently to require rehabilitation within 100 years, regardless of bar type. The corrosion service life extension attributable to ECR in bridge decks was found to be approximately 5 years beyond that of Bare steel.
Book Synopsis PRO 14: International RILEM/CIB/ISO Symposium on Integrated Life Cycle Design of Materials and Structures (ILCDES 2000) by : Asko Sarja
Download or read book PRO 14: International RILEM/CIB/ISO Symposium on Integrated Life Cycle Design of Materials and Structures (ILCDES 2000) written by Asko Sarja and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion Protection Service Life of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks by : Michael Carey Brown
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Service Life of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Virginia Bridge Decks written by Michael Carey Brown and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corrosion protection service life extension provided by epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) was determined by comparing ECR and bare steel bars from 10 Virginia bridge decks built between 1981 and 1995. The objective was to determine the corrosion protection service life time extension provided by ECR field specimens with various degrees of coating adhesion: disbonded, partially disbonded, and wholly bonded coatings. The size and length distributions of cracks in Virginia bridge decks were investigated to assess the frequency and severity of cracks. Correlation of cracks with chloride penetration was used to characterize the influence of cracking on deck deterioration. Cracks influence the rate of chloride penetration, but the frequency and width distributions of cracks indicate that cracks are not likely to shorten the overall service life of most bridge decks in Virginia. Altogether, 141 drilled cores, 102 mm (4 inches) in diameter, were employed in this study. For each of the decks built with ECR, 10 to 12 cores were drilled through a top reinforcing bar adjacent to the previous study core locations. In addition, approximately 3 cores were drilled through a top reinforcing bar at a surface crack location. Laboratory testing involved nondestructive monitoring using advanced electrochemical techniques to periodically assess the corrosion state of the steel bars during cyclic exposure to chloride-rich solution over 36 months of treatment. Time of corrosion initiation and time of cracking (where applicable), as well as chloride content of the concrete before and after treatment, were used in the analysis. Analysis of the epoxy coating after treatment showed the presence of micro cracks in the surface of some coatings, and moisture uptake and glass transition temperatures, as related to curing of the coatings, were investigated. Less than 25 percent of all Virginia bridge decks built under specifications in place since 1981 is projected to corrode sufficiently to require rehabilitation within 100 years, regardless of bar type. The corrosion service life extension attributable to ECR in bridge decks was found to be approximately 5 years beyond that of bare steel and, therefore, ECR is not a cost-effective method of corrosion prevention for bridge decks. Deleting the requirement for ECR in decks would save Virginia approximately $845,000 per year.
Book Synopsis Methods of Corrosion Protection and Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with Epoxy-coated Bars - Phase I by : Lisa M. Samples
Download or read book Methods of Corrosion Protection and Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with Epoxy-coated Bars - Phase I written by Lisa M. Samples and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Bridge Decks by : Satinder K. Munjal
Download or read book Evaluation of Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Bridge Decks written by Satinder K. Munjal and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components by :
Download or read book Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleven systems combining epoxy coated reinforcement with another corrosion protection system are evaluated using the rapid macrocell, Southern Exposure, cracked beam, and linear polarization resistance tests. The systems include bars that are pretreated with zinc chromate to improve the adhesion between the epoxy and the reinforcing steel; two epoxies with improved adhesion to the reinforcing steel; one inorganic corrosion inhibitor, calcium nitrite; two organic corrosion inhibitors; an epoxy coated bar with a primer containing microencapsulated calcium nitrite; the three epoxy coated bars with improved adhesion combined with the corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite; and multiple coated bars with an initial 2 mil coating of 98 percent zinc and 2 percent aluminum followed by a conventional epoxy coating. The systems are compared with conventional uncoated reinforcement and conventional epoxy coated reinforcement. The results presented in this report represent the findings obtained during the first half of a 5 year study that includes longer term ASTM G 109 and field tests. In the short term tests used to date, the epoxy coatings evaluated provide superior corrosion protection to the reinforcing steel. The results also indicate that the bars will continue to perform well in the longer term, although the tests do not evaluate the effects of long term reductions in the bond between the epoxy and the reinforcing steel. The corrosion rate on the exposed regions of damaged epoxy coated reinforcement is somewhat higher than the average corrosion rate on the surface of uncoated reinforcement subjected to similar exposure conditions. The use of concrete with a reduced water cement ratio improves the corrosion performance of both conventional and epoxy coated reinforcement in uncracked concrete but has little effect in cracked concrete. Increased adhesion between the epoxy and reinforcing steel provides no significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of epoxy coated reinforcement. It appears that corrosion inhibitors in concrete and the primer coating containing microencapsulated calcium nitrite improve the corrosion resistance of the epoxy coated steel in uncracked concrete, but not in cracked concrete. The zinc coating on the multiple coated bars acts as a sacrificial barrier and provides some corrosion protection to the underlying steel in both uncracked and cracked concrete. The degree of protection, however, cannot be evaluated based on the results available to date.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Protection Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors and Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in a Simulated Concrete Pore Water Solution by : Wioleta A. Pyć
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors and Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in a Simulated Concrete Pore Water Solution written by Wioleta A. Pyć and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We used a simulated concrete pore water solution to evaluate the corrosion protection performance of concrete corrosion-inhibiting admixtures and epoxy-coated reinforcing bars (ECR). We evaluated three commercial corrosion inhibitors, ECR from three coaters removed from job sites, one ECR shipped directly from the coater's plant, and one ECR removed from a job site plus a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitors were calcium nitrite, an aqueous mixture of esters and amines, and a mixture of alcohol and amine. Corrosion protection performance was based on the amount of visually observed corroded surface area. For bare steel tested with and without corrosion inhibitors, corrosion increased with increasing chloride concentration, and specimens saturated with oxygen were more corroded than specimens saturated with breathing air. The amount of corrosion over the 90-day test period was controlled by the amount of oxygen in solution at the higher chloride concentrations. The ester-amine and alcohol-amine did not inhibit corrosion. Calcium nitrite inhibited corrosion at all levels of chloride concentration. For ECR, corrosion occurred both at sites where the coating was damaged and underneath the coating. Coating debondment was greatest in pore water solutions containing chloride. The least coating debondment and corrosion occurred in the solution containing calcium nitrite and the ECR shipped directly from the manufacturer. Coating debondment and corrosion of ECR are directly related to the amount of damage as holes; mashed, dented, and cracked areas; and holidays. The researchers recommend that the developed test method be adopted as a standard test for concrete corrosion inhibitors and that calcium nitrite remain the only concrete corrosion inhibitor approved for use in Virginia.
Book Synopsis Corrosion Protection Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars by : José Antonio Pincheira
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Bars written by José Antonio Pincheira and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this investigation was to conduct an in-depth study to determine the level of corrosion protection offered by epoxy-coated bars in four bridge decks in the Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN metropolitan area. The bridges studied were built between 1973 and 1978 and all decks had a top mat built with epoxy-coated bars. The bottom mat was epoxy-coated in only one deck whereas black steel was used for the bottom mat in the other bridges. These bridges had been assessed in 1996 and thus, the present study is a follow up investigation to obtain data and assess the field performance of epoxy-coated bars over a period of approximately 30 years. The investigation included field inspection and surveys of the decks, as well as laboratory tests of concrete core and bar samples. After 30 years of service, the overall condition of the epoxy-coated bars is good to very good, with no or modest levels of corrosion activity. In only one bridge, corrosion activity appears to be moderate to severe. The majority of corroded bars were found near joints or at crack locations. The amount of delamination in all decks is very low.
Book Synopsis A Comparison of the Corrosion Performance of Uncoated, Galvanized, and Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Bridge Decks by : Ronnie L. McCrum
Download or read book A Comparison of the Corrosion Performance of Uncoated, Galvanized, and Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Bridge Decks written by Ronnie L. McCrum and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board Publisher :Transportation Research Board Commission ISBN 13 : Total Pages :60 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Bridge Decks by : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Download or read book Bridge Decks written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by Transportation Research Board Commission. This book was released on 1976 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion Assessment of Reinforcing Steel in Bridge Decks by : A. B. Tee
Download or read book Corrosion Assessment of Reinforcing Steel in Bridge Decks written by A. B. Tee and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detection of Steel Corrosion in Bridge Decks and Reinforced Concrete Pavement by : Vernon J. Marks
Download or read book Detection of Steel Corrosion in Bridge Decks and Reinforced Concrete Pavement written by Vernon J. Marks and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Iowa Department of Transportation initiated this research to evaluate the realiability, benefit and application of the corrosion detection device. Through field testing prior to repair projects and inspection at the time of repair, the device was shown to be reliable. With the reliability established, twelve additional devices were purchased so that this evaluation procedure could be used routinely on all repair projects. The corrosion detection device was established as a means for determining concrete removal for repair. Removal of the concrete down to the top reinforcing steel is required for all areas exhibiting electrical potentials greater than 0.45 Volt. It was determined that the corrosion detection device was not applicable to membrane testing. The corrosion detection device has been used to evaluate corrosion of reinforcing steel in continuously reinforced concrete pavement.
