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Fiat 126p
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Download or read book FIAT 126P written by Miroslav Terzić and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis History Polski Fiat 126p by : Izabela Malinowska
Download or read book History Polski Fiat 126p written by Izabela Malinowska and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fiat 126 Owners Workshop Manual by : John Harold Haynes
Download or read book Fiat 126 Owners Workshop Manual written by John Harold Haynes and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Socialist Car by : Lewis H. Siegelbaum
Download or read book The Socialist Car written by Lewis H. Siegelbaum and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the Soviet Bloc, from the 1960s until the collapse of communism, the automobile exemplified the tension between the ideological imperatives of political authorities and the aspirations of ordinary citizens. For the latter, the automobile was the ticket to personal freedom and a piece of the imagined consumer paradise of the West. For the authorities, the personal car was a private, mobile space that challenged the most basic assumptions of the collectivity. The "socialist car"-and the car culture that built up around it-was the result of an always unstable compromise between official ideology, available resources, and the desires of an increasingly restless citizenry. In The Socialist Car, eleven scholars from Europe and North America explore in vivid detail the interface between the motorcar and the state socialist countries of Eastern Europe, including the USSR. In addition to the metal, glass, upholstery, and plastic from which the Ladas, Dacias, Trabants, and other still extant but aging models were fabricated, the socialist car embodied East Europeans' longings and compromises, hopes and disappointments. The socialist car represented both aspirations of overcoming the technological gap between the capitalist first and socialist second worlds and dreams of enhancing personal mobility and status. Certain features of automobility-shortages and privileges, waiting lists and lack of readily available credit, the inadequacy of streets and highways-prevailed across the Soviet Bloc. In this collective history, the authors put aside both ridicule and nostalgia in the interest of trying to understand the socialist car in its own context.
Book Synopsis Poland and European East-West Cooperation in the 1970s by : Aleksandra Komornicka
Download or read book Poland and European East-West Cooperation in the 1970s written by Aleksandra Komornicka and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an international reading of the Polish socialist regime’s history in the 1970s, and its opening up to the West. It bridges Poland’s socialist domestic history with critical developments of the global and European 1970s, including détente in the Cold War, western European integration, and globalisation. In this period of international transformations, socialist Poland under Edward Gierek's leadership multiplied its economic and political contacts with capitalist countries, especially western Europe, and became a leader of East-West cooperation among Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and Warsaw Pact members. Relying on sources from public and corporate archives in five different European states, the book demonstrates both that the global political and economic transformations of that period were critical for the decision-making process in Poland and, moreover, that the national socialist elites participated in shaping these transformations. By looking at the goals and expectations of the Polish socialist elites and their practices of political and economic exchanges with western Europe, the book explains the logic which drove the socialist regime into entanglement with the West. As is shown here, this entanglement proved inextricable and critical for the socialist regime's failure and Poland’s political and economic future. This book will be of much interest to students of European history, cold war studies, socialism studies and International Relations.
Download or read book Start-Up Poland written by Jan Cienski and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poland in the 1980s was filled with shuttered restaurants and shops that bore such imaginative names as “bread,” “shoes,” and “milk products,” from which lines could stretch for days on the mere rumor there was something worth buying. But you’d be hard-pressed to recognize the same squares—buzzing with bars and cafés—today. In the years since the collapse of communism, Poland’s GDP has almost tripled, making it the eighth-largest economy in the European Union, with a wealth of well-educated and highly skilled workers and a buoyant private sector that competes in international markets. Many consider it one of the only European countries to have truly weathered the financial crisis. As the Warsaw bureau chief for the Financial Times, Jan Cienski spent more than a decade talking with the people who did something that had never been done before: recreating a market economy out of a socialist one. Poland had always lagged behind wealthier Western Europe, but in the 1980s the gap had grown to its widest in centuries. But the corrupt Polish version of communism also created the conditions for its eventual revitalization, bringing forth a remarkably resilient and entrepreneurial people prepared to brave red tape and limited access to capital. In the 1990s, more than a million Polish people opened their own businesses, selling everything from bicycles to leather jackets, Japanese VCRs, and romance novels. The most business-savvy turned those primitive operations into complex corporations that now have global reach. Well researched and accessibly and entertainingly written, Start-Up Poland tells the story of the opening bell in the East, painting lively portraits of the men and women who built successful businesses there, what their lives were like, and what they did to catapult their ideas to incredible success. At a time when Poland’s new right-wing government plays on past grievances and forms part of the populist and nationalist revolution sweeping the Western world, Cienski’s book also serves as a reminder that the past century has been the most successful in Poland’s history.
Book Synopsis Three Decades of Polish Socio-Economic Transformations by : Paweł Churski
Download or read book Three Decades of Polish Socio-Economic Transformations written by Paweł Churski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-27 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume analyses and discusses the systematisation of Polish socio-economic transformations of the last three decades using selected examples of the most important changes. 1989 marked the onset of the political transformation process in Poland and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The transition involved a shift from a socialist system to a parliamentary democracy and from a command economy to a market one. Due to the deep economic crisis that culminated in 1988 and the peaceful model of change developed and implemented in Poland, the magnitude and manner of implementing various initiatives was unprecedented and had specific implications. This transformation opened Polish society and the Polish economy to the impact of global social and economic changes, triggering successive transformations, often overlapping in terms of their causes and consequences. This publication aims to present the course and effects, in particular territorial, of Poland's socio-economic transformation in the years 1990–2020. The analysis covers the key aspects of this transformation, illustrated with references to the concepts and theories of development, domestic and foreign literature, own empirical research and existing or newly developed model approaches to transformation in the territorial dimension. The book appeals to researchers and student in the fields of geography, spatial management, economics and business, sociology and political sciences, public and private economic research institutes, employees of governmental bodies and corporations, consultants in public administration, journalists and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Fiat 126 1972-80 Autobook ... by : Kenneth Ball
Download or read book Fiat 126 1972-80 Autobook ... written by Kenneth Ball and published by A & C Black. This book was released on 1980 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Occupation and Communism in Eastern European Museums by : Constantin Iordachi
Download or read book Occupation and Communism in Eastern European Museums written by Constantin Iordachi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers fresh perspectives on the representation of the recent past in museums of the Second World War and of communism in post-communist Eastern Europe. It does so against the background of recent European-wide debates on history, memory and politics. The contributors from across Europe focus comparatively on a wide variety of case studies, pointing out similarities and differences, and accounting for transnational patterns of remembrance at regional and European level. Occupation and Communism in Eastern European Museums argues that museums have a huge influence on the image of the communist past in Eastern Europe. It shows how they use a vast array of media tools, visual tactics and commercial strategies in order to substantiate ideological approaches to the past and to shape the attitude of public opinion.
Book Synopsis Automotive FDI in Emerging Europe by : A. J. Jacobs
Download or read book Automotive FDI in Emerging Europe written by A. J. Jacobs and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the dramatic increase in automotive assembly plants in the former Socialist Central European (CE) nations of Czechia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia from 1989 onwards. Enticed by relatively lower-wage labour and significant government incentives, the world’s largest automakers have launched more than 20 passenger car assembly complexes in CE nations, with production accelerating dramatically since 2001. As a result, the annual passenger car production in Western Europe declined by more than 20% between 2001 and 2015, and alternatively in the CEE it increased by nearly 170% during this period. Drawing on case studies of 25 current and former foreign-run assembly plants, the author presents a rare historical account of automotive foreign assembly plants in the CE following this dramatic geographic shift. This book will expand the knowledge of policy-makers in Europe in relation to their pursuits of FDI and will be of great interest to scholars and students of business, economic history, political science, and development.
Book Synopsis Automotive Mechatronics: Operational and Practical Issues by : B. T. Fijalkowski
Download or read book Automotive Mechatronics: Operational and Practical Issues written by B. T. Fijalkowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents operational and practical issues of automotive mechatronics with special emphasis on the heterogeneous automotive vehicle systems approach, and is intended as a graduate text as well as a reference for scientists and engineers involved in the design of automotive mechatronic control systems. As the complexity of automotive vehicles increases, so does the dearth of high competence, multi-disciplined automotive scientists and engineers. This book provides a discussion into the type of mechatronic control systems found in modern vehicles and the skills required by automotive scientists and engineers working in this environment. Divided into two volumes and five parts, Automotive Mechatronics aims at improving automotive mechatronics education and emphasises the training of students’ experimental hands-on abilities, stimulating and promoting experience among high education institutes and produce more automotive mechatronics and automation engineers. The main subject that are treated are: VOLUME I: RBW or XBW unibody or chassis-motion mechatronic control hypersystems; DBW AWD propulsion mechatronic control systems; BBW AWB dispulsion mechatronic control systems; VOLUME II: SBW AWS diversion mechatronic control systems; ABW AWA suspension mechatronic control systems. This volume was developed for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as for professionals involved in all disciplines related to the design or research and development of automotive vehicle dynamics, powertrains, brakes, steering, and shock absorbers (dampers). Basic knowledge of college mathematics, college physics, and knowledge of the functionality of automotive vehicle basic propulsion, dispulsion, conversion and suspension systems is required.
Book Synopsis The Rise of the Global Company by : Robert Fitzgerald
Download or read book The Rise of the Global Company written by Robert Fitzgerald and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-07 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first full account of how an influential form of commercial organization - the multinational enterprise - drove globalization and contributed to the making of the modern world. Robert Fitzgerald explores the major role of multinational enterprises in the events of world history, from the nineteenth century to the present, revealing how the growth of businesses that operated across borders contributed to an unprecedented worldwide transformation and deepening interdependence between countries. He demonstrates how international businesses shaped the economic development and competitiveness of nations, their politics and sovereignty, and the balance of power in international relations. The Rise of the Global Company uses the lessons of history to question prominent contemporary interpretations of multinationals and their consequences, and offers a truly wide-ranging survey of multinational enterprise, spanning two hundred years and five continents.
Book Synopsis American Advertising in Poland by : Jeffrey K. Johnson
Download or read book American Advertising in Poland written by Jeffrey K. Johnson and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines advertising for McDonald's, Levi's, Frito-Lay, and Coca-Cola used in Poland from 1990 to 2007. Case studies reveal a complex relationship between the corporations and Polish society and challenge the assumption that companies force products and ideas into a new market and thus destroy traditions and cultures. Companies instead found that they must adapt to meet Poland's cultural needs and pressures. Against a backdrop of globalization, the book contends, Poles transform and assimilate these outside products into their culture.
Book Synopsis Cross Purposes by : Magdalena Waligórska
Download or read book Cross Purposes written by Magdalena Waligórska and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-31 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No other symbol is as omnipresent in Poland as the cross. This multilayered and contradictory icon features prominently in public spaces and state institutions. It is anchored in the country's visual history, inspires protest culture, and dominates urban and rural landscapes. The cross recalls Poland's historic struggles for independence and anti-Communist dissent, but it also encapsulates the country's current position in Europe as a self-avowed bulwark of Christianity and a champion of conservative values. It is both a national symbol - defining the boundaries of Polishness in opposition to a changing constellation of the country's Others - and a key object of contestation in the creative arts and political culture. Despite its long history, the cross has never been systematically studied as a political symbol in its capacity to mobilize for action and solidify power structures. Cross Purposes is the first cultural history of the cross in modern Poland, deconstructing this key symbol and exploring how it has been deployed in different political battles.
Book Synopsis Restructuring and Privatization in Central Eastern Europe by : Saul Estrin
Download or read book Restructuring and Privatization in Central Eastern Europe written by Saul Estrin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents cases from a World Bank study of state-owned industrial firms in Poland, Hungary and the Czech and Slovak republics. Topics that are covered include: structure of the industry; history of the firm; and product mix and sales pattern.
Book Synopsis The Economic Geography of the Car Market by : Bartłomiej Kołsut
Download or read book The Economic Geography of the Car Market written by Bartłomiej Kołsut and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-26 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of long-term changes in the car market of an emerging economy, with a focus on its spatial and temporal dimensions. Poland, the case study in question, represents a unique "laboratory of automobile revolution" during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The volume brings to the fore several key aspects of the car market, such as car ownership, markets for new cars, import of second-hand cars, car use, electromobility and environmental impact. Many of them are the subject of a global debate in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. Others, meanwhile, point to the unique nature of transformations related to the car market in Poland. Altogether, consideration of these aspects enriches the international literature with new results and findings that will broaden the field of discussion on the car market onto the emerging economies, especially those of Central and Eastern Europe. The book combines the results of quantitative and qualitative research. The former is based on a big data set (ca. 40 million vehicles) and the latter on an in-depth social survey (questionnaire interviews with more than 4,000 drivers). The discussion of the geography of automobile revolution is linked to other social, economic and spatial phenomena and processes (e.g. urban sprawl or rural marginalisation; consumer decisions and the evolution of quality of life; and the development of individual entrepreneurship or environmental protection), as well as to transport, tax and customs policies. The analysis of the dynamics of change pays particular attention to the role of "critical junctures", such as the collapse of the communist system, EU membership, the world financial crisis (2007–2009) and first period of COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). The book will be of interest to scholars, students and practitioners dealing with transport research, geography of transportation, spatial economy, urban and regional planning and sustainability studies, and for car hobbyists.
Book Synopsis Was It Worth It by : Liliana Arkuszewska
Download or read book Was It Worth It written by Liliana Arkuszewska and published by Troubador Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arrival of the 1980s saw millions living behind the Iron Curtain flee their homeland in search of a better tomorrow. Step-by-step, they trudged persistently to reach their dream of happiness. These were the Columbuses of the 1980s – risk takers who had the courage to test themselves and explore the notoriety of the western world first-hand. Was It Worth It is a modern odyssey spanning three continents and following one family’s path to a new, unfamiliar future. It tells of the characters’ struggle to adapt to foreign places, languages and customs. With settings in Lima, Paris, Ottawa, and exploring venues in other countries, the book offers readers an insight into what it takes to start from scratch in an unknown land. Did they find what they were looking for?