Fertility And Childcare In East Asia

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Fertility and Childcare in East Asia

Author : Xiaogang Wu
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040032702
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Fertility and Childcare in East Asia by : Xiaogang Wu

Download or read book Fertility and Childcare in East Asia written by Xiaogang Wu and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-03 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook explores recent research on the topics of gender inequalities, intergenerational support, and family in select East Asian societies, including China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan. East Asian societies have been undergoing rapid economic development over the last three decades, whether gender (couple) relations and families in East Asian societies have also been undergoing transformations remain less clear. The chapters in this book uncover dynamic and evolving couple and intergenerational relationships within families in East Asia, together with the persistent impact on time use, housework and childcare. They provide a rich source for understanding gender dynamics, intergenerational relations, and childbearing and rearing in East Asia, at a time when it is expected that families and gender relations in East Asia will continue to evolve with characteristics of both modern gender egalitarian values and traditional family obligations. A rare and valuable resource, this textbook will be a key resource for researchers, scholars and practitioners of Sociology, Development Studies, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and Comparative studies who wish to study gender and family relations in East Asia, a rapidly developing region with a shared Confucian culture. The chapters in this volume were originally published in Chinese Sociological Review.

Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications

Author : Noriko O. Tsuya
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431557814
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications by : Noriko O. Tsuya

Download or read book Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications written by Noriko O. Tsuya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-23 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.

Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia

Author : Naohiro Ogawa
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401792267
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia by : Naohiro Ogawa

Download or read book Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia written by Naohiro Ogawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical tools and methods and shares application of innovative approaches to analyzing cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data and macro socioeconomic data to shed light on changing mechanisms of low fertility in the context of reproductive health. The volume introduces the demographic dividend into the study of fertility, analyzes possible impact of population ageing on the amount of resources allocated to child rearing, i.e. the so called "crowding effect" in social care and public spending between the elderly and children. The book also tests the Low Fertility Trap (LFT) hypothesis, a new important theory regarding fertility trends. The book focuses on East Asia which is numerically large but relatively under-researched with regard to issues covered in various chapters. The relevance of the volume, however, goes beyond countries in East Asia. The book breaks new grounds and reveals little known facts regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors on male fertility through falling sperm counts, the phenomenon of marital sexlessness and about the sexual behavior of adolescents in East Asia.

Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia

Author : Paulin Straughan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134032102
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia by : Paulin Straughan

Download or read book Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia written by Paulin Straughan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together work on the low fertility countries of East Asia with an analysis of trends in fertility, what we know about their determinants and consequences, the policy issues and how these are being addressed in the various countries.

Asia's New Mothers

Author : Emiko Ochiai
Publisher : Global Oriental
ISBN 13 : 9004213147
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Asia's New Mothers by : Emiko Ochiai

Download or read book Asia's New Mothers written by Emiko Ochiai and published by Global Oriental. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asia’s New Mothers, through a focus on childcare, offers a comparative regional analysis unique in English-language sources of changing gender roles in East and Southeast Asia. Taking into consideration the historical and cultural differences and similarities among the societies in the region, the authors employ indepth researches of people’s everyday experiences. The research was conducted between 2001 and 2003 in six societies in East and Southeast Asia – Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Thailand and Singapore. While each makes its own unique contributions, most of the essays are informed by two theoretical focal points: modernization and gender and globalization and gender.

Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia

Author : Junji Kageyama
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819938597
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia by : Junji Kageyama

Download or read book Perception of Family and Work in Low-Fertility East Asia written by Junji Kageyama and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-30 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of its kind to incorporate subjective well-being (SWB) data to comprehensively explore perceptional factors that relate to fertility behavior in East Asia. The advantage of SWB data lies in the accessibility to rich information regarding perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. With this advantage, the book inquires into the perceptions toward family and work and explores the attitudes that lead to low fertility in the region. To this end, first a comparative analysis with international cross-sectional data is performed and the East Asian characteristics of family and work perceptions are documented. Then, three democracies in the region are focused on—Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—to investigate the relationships between cultural orientations, work–life balance, and fertility outcomes with panel data. In addition, East Asian results are compared with those in India, which has also been experiencing a rapid transition from a traditional society to an industrial one. The results support the idea that the friction between persistent gender-based role divisions and socioeconomic transformation in East Asia makes it difficult for women to balance family and work, prompting fertility decline to the lowest-low level in the region.

Social Norms and Fertility

Author : Sunha Myong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Norms and Fertility by : Sunha Myong

Download or read book Social Norms and Fertility written by Sunha Myong and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We first document three stylized facts about marriage and fertility in East Asian societies: They have the highest marriage rates in the world, but the lowest total fertility; they have the lowest total fertility, but almost all married women have at least one child. By contrast, almost no single women have any children. We then explain these three facts, focusing on two social norms associated with Confucianism: the unequal gender division of childcare within a household and the stigma attached to out-of-wedlock births. We incorporate the two social norms into an economic model, and structurally estimate it using data from South Korea's censuses and household surveys. We find that, on the one hand, the social norm of unequal gender division of childcare significantly contributes to the low fertility of South Korea, and its effect varies across education:The social norm lowers fertility for highly educated women but increases it for the less educated. Pro-natal policies can increase average fertility, but they are not effective in mitigating the role of this norm as they cannot sufficiently boost fertility for highly educated women. On the other hand, the social stigma has negligible effects on marriage and fertility. Historical simulation results show that fertility would have decreased less dramatically in the absence of the first norm, especially for younger birth cohorts. Our results suggest that the tension between the persistent gender ideology and rapid socioeconomic development is the main driving force behind the unique marriage and fertility patterns of East Asian societies, and that this tension has escalated in recent decades.

Family Demography in Asia

Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1785363557
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Family Demography in Asia by : Stuart Gietel-Basten

Download or read book Family Demography in Asia written by Stuart Gietel-Basten and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demographic future of Asia is a global issue. As the biggest driver of population growth, an understanding of patterns and trends in fertility throughout Asia is critical to understand our shared demographic future. This is the first book to comprehensively and systematically analyse fertility across the continent through the perspective of individuals themselves rather than as a consequence of top-down government policies.

Low Fertility in Advanced Asian Economies

Author : Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811507104
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Low Fertility in Advanced Asian Economies by : Shigeki Matsuda

Download or read book Low Fertility in Advanced Asian Economies written by Shigeki Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the links between family, education, and employment systems in the Asian developed economies, proposing that these three systems and their interrelations are powerful factors causing the low fertility in Asia. The phenomenon of low fertility has been widely observed in developed countries, and the birthrate in Asian countries is among the lowest in the world. Although these countries have implemented measures to counter the falling birthrate, the expected effect has not yet been achieved. Moreover, Asia has seen a rapid decrease in the number of marriages. To promote effective countermeasures, it is necessary to clarify the factors influencing the low birthrate and decline in the number of marriages. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results mainly from Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, this book discusses several important points. First, because the family system is strong, cohabitation and children born to single mothers are not socially accepted. Further, mothers play a strong role in fulfilling expectations for children’s education. Second, the popularization of higher education and intense academic competition, which have been a driving force for rapid economic growth, have led to many parents opting to have fewer children, as the cost of education is high. Lastly, wage disparity is large and employment stability is a matter of concern. These factors increase competition within education and, in turn, make it difficult for the young generation to choose marriage. Within the employment environment, balancing work and family life is problematical, especially for women.

Gender, Care and Migration in East Asia

Author : Reiko Ogawa
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811070253
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender, Care and Migration in East Asia by : Reiko Ogawa

Download or read book Gender, Care and Migration in East Asia written by Reiko Ogawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection provides a comparative analysis of care arrangements in relation to issues of gender and transnational migration, social policy and labour migration in East Asia. Bridging the key topics of migration and gendered cared work through cross country comparisons, it examines how care work and welfare arrangements have been shaped by national and global forces against the backdrop of changing gender relationships, the rise of female labour force participation, low fertility rates and population aging in East Asia. It particularly addresses the ‘feminization of migration’ which is a salient feature of migration in Asia today as more women from developing countries undertake domestic work and care work in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong. Addressing the issue of care in relation to employment, care and migration regimes in East Asia and the interaction among welfare regimes, labour markets and work-care balance, this collection provides an up-to-date assessment of gendered transnational migration in the region and sheds light on local and transnational policies and practices which aim to improve the welfare of families and migrant workers.

Women, Welfare and Productivism in East Asia and Europe

Author : Ruby C. M. Chau
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447357736
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Women, Welfare and Productivism in East Asia and Europe by : Ruby C. M. Chau

Download or read book Women, Welfare and Productivism in East Asia and Europe written by Ruby C. M. Chau and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing the new framework of ‘life-mix’, which considers the mixed patterns of caring and working in different periods of life, this book systematically explores the interplay of productivism, women, care and work in East Asia and Europe. The book ranges across four key aspects of welfare — childcare, parental leave, employment support and pensions — to illustrate how policies affect women in various periods of their lives. Policy case studies from France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, South Korea, Sweden and the UK, show how welfare could support people’s caring and working lives. This book forms a prescient examination of how productivist thinking underpins regimes and impacts women’s welfare, care and work in both the East and West.

Maternity and Reproductive Health in Asian Societies

Author : Pranee Liamputtong Rice
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134397135
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (343 download)

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Book Synopsis Maternity and Reproductive Health in Asian Societies by : Pranee Liamputtong Rice

Download or read book Maternity and Reproductive Health in Asian Societies written by Pranee Liamputtong Rice and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-02 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection examines enduring and topical questions in sexual and reproductive health in a range of contemporary Asian cultures. Beliefs and practices surrounding conception, pregnancy, birth, and confinement are studies in culturally specific contexts in Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Indonesia. Important and widely applicable health issues are also addressed, including the perception and management of HIV/AIDS, experiences of menopause and the interaction of cosmopolitan ("western'') medicine with traditional healthcare.

Handbook on East Asian Social Policy

Author : Misa Izuhara
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 085793029X
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook on East Asian Social Policy by : Misa Izuhara

Download or read book Handbook on East Asian Social Policy written by Misa Izuhara and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic socio-economic transformations over the last two decades have brought social policy and social welfare issues to prominence in many East Asian societies. Since the 1990s and in response to national as well as global pressure, there have been substantial developments and reforms in social policy in the region but the development paths have been uneven. Until recently, comparative analysis of East Asian social policy tends to have focused on the established welfare state of Japan and the emerging welfare regimes of four Tiger Economies. Much of the recent debate indeed preceded Chinas re-emergence onto the world economy. In this context, this Handbook brings China more fully into the contemporary social policy debates in East Asia. Organised around five themes from welfare state developments, to theories and methodologies, to current social policy issues, the Handbook presents original research from leading specialists in the fields, and provides a fresh and updated perspective to the study of social policy. Providing a comparative international approach, this Handbook will appeal to academics, researchers and students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels working in the fields of social policy, as well as policy makers and practitioners who are interested in social policy lessons from other societies.

Division of Domestic Labour and the Lowest-Low Fertility in South Korea

Author : Erin Hye-Won Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Division of Domestic Labour and the Lowest-Low Fertility in South Korea by : Erin Hye-Won Kim

Download or read book Division of Domestic Labour and the Lowest-Low Fertility in South Korea written by Erin Hye-Won Kim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND The gap between improvements in women's socioeconomic status and gender inequality at home has been offered as one explanation for very low fertility. Related empirical evidence is lacking for East Asian countries, where women may face particular challenges combining career and family due to unique regional contexts. OBJECTIVES This paper provides an up-to-date picture of Korean women's fertility intentions and fertility behaviour, and of the division of their domestic labour with husbands, parents(-in-law), and formal childcare services. In addition, it examines how the informal and formal help women receive affects their fertility behavior. METHODS Using data from the 2008, 2010, and 2012 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, I describe fertility intentions, fertility behaviour, and the labour division, and, focusing on women with one child, use logit regressions to estimate how various sources of help relate to the intended and unintended births of second children.RESULTS Particularly among women with one child, both fertility intentions and behaviour displayed greater variability, and fertility intentions were a good predictor of fertility behaviour. Husbands did not provide much help, and gender inequality grew with parity. As for intended births, husbands' help increased their likelihood. Formal help also had a positive impact when its costs were not high, but parental help showed no significant impact. None of these sources of help was related to unintended births.CONCLUSION AND CONTRIBUTION To tackle Korea's low fertility, the government policies would be wise to target women with one child. Empirical evidence from Korea supports the recent theoretical literature on the association of low fertility with gender inequity. Various sources of support that relieve women's domestic labour burden and enhance their work-life compatibility may boost fertility rates in East Asia.

Population Change and Economic Development in East Asia

Author : Andrew Mason
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804743223
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Population Change and Economic Development in East Asia by : Andrew Mason

Download or read book Population Change and Economic Development in East Asia written by Andrew Mason and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifteen essays in this volume address from several viewpoints the question of what role population change played in East Asia's rapid economic development.

Women, Work and Care in the Asia-Pacific

Author : Marian Baird
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317313143
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Women, Work and Care in the Asia-Pacific by : Marian Baird

Download or read book Women, Work and Care in the Asia-Pacific written by Marian Baird and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comparative analysis of the social, economic, industrial and migration dynamics that structure women’s paid work and unpaid care work experience in the Asia-Pacific region. Each country-focused chapter examines the formal and informal ways in which work and care are managed, the changing institutional landscape, gender relations and fertility concerns, employer and trade union responses and the challenges policy makers face and the consequences of their decisions for working women. By covering the entire region, including Australia and New Zealand, the book highlights the way different national work and care regimes are linked through migration, with wealthier countries looking to their poorer neighbours for alternative sources of labour. In addition, the book contributes to debates about the barriers to women’s participation in the workforce, the valuation of unpaid care, the gender wage gap, social protection and labour regulation for migrant workers and gender relations in developing Asia.

The Impact of New Fertility Policies on Early Education and Development in China

Author : Xiumin Hong
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100382322X
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of New Fertility Policies on Early Education and Development in China by : Xiumin Hong

Download or read book The Impact of New Fertility Policies on Early Education and Development in China written by Xiumin Hong and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is among the first to comprehensively examine the far-reaching impact of China’s new fertility policies on early education and development. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has entered a period of declining fertility rate and aging population, which poses a serious threat to its sustainable development. To address this crisis, China has radically revised its fertility policy through the state’s guidance for regulating couples’ reproductive choices, abandoning its iconic one-child policy, and adopting the selective two-child (2013), universal two-child (2016), and then the three-child (2021) policy. Drawing on empirical evidence obtained through various research methods, this book offers multidisciplinary perspectives on the far-reaching impact of these policies. Part I summarizes the lessons learned from new fertility policies and identifies important directions for future research. Focusing on two major microsystems, part II presents research assessing families’ fertility desire for an additional child and projecting the demand for preschool education. Part III attends to family dynamics and their relation to early learning and development for both only and non-only children. Part IV addresses the importance of expanding access to affordable and high-quality early childhood education and care for children from birth through age 6. The Impact of New Fertility Policies on Early Education and Development in China contributes to policy development and practical improvement and serves as a catalyst to stimulate future studies on the topic. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners of early childhood education and care, as well as for families of young children. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Early Education and Development.