Fault-tolerant Topology and Operation of Multi-port Interlink Modular Multilevel Converter Based Solid-state Transformer in Future Distribution Systems

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Book Synopsis Fault-tolerant Topology and Operation of Multi-port Interlink Modular Multilevel Converter Based Solid-state Transformer in Future Distribution Systems by : Jiajie Zang

Download or read book Fault-tolerant Topology and Operation of Multi-port Interlink Modular Multilevel Converter Based Solid-state Transformer in Future Distribution Systems written by Jiajie Zang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional radial AC distribution systems cannot effectively accommodate the rapidly increasing renewable energy sources (RESs) and new loads such as fast charging stations of electric vehicles. To address the pressing challenges, active distribution grids and DC systems have attracted significant interests with their many potential benefits. Considering that AC and DC systems will coexist in future distribution grids wherever suitable, hybrid AC/DC distribution is regarded as a promising and practical solution for future distribution systems. The focus of this work, multiport interlink modular multilevel converter-based solid-state transformers (iMMC-SSTs), is expected to play a key enabling role in hybrid distribution systems to integrate different grid entities, including both AC and DC networks at both medium and low voltage levels. The iMMC-SST features capabilities such as bidirectional power transfer, fault isolation and restoration, system reconfiguration, and voltage regulation. However, power electronics-based SSTs are more vulnerable under abnormal conditions, which hinders their adoption in practical systems. The high number of circuit elements are potential fault sources in the iMMC-SST. The possible faults of the SST and the connected feeders can destroy balance of the system and even result in second faults. A comprehensive protection scheme for the iMMC-SST is indispensable to ensure the device's safety and improve the system's reliability and robustness. Based on the fault location, abnormal conditions are in general divided into external and internal types. In this work, grounding scheme for the SST is designed and investigated to address typical external fault conditions such as the single line-to-ground (SLG) short-circuit fault and single pole-to-ground (SPG) short-circuit fault. For internal abnormal conditions, power switch faults are of major concerns of the iMMC-SST since a switch failure will lead to arm voltage imbalance, circulating current increase, and second faults. The submodule (SM) switch open-circuit (OC) fault analysis is presented considering different operation modes of the iMMC-SST in Chapter 4. Unlike traditional MMC applications, the iMMC-SST has different fault characteristics, and the previous fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant schemes developed for other applications are not applicable here. Based on detailed analysis of the fault behaviors, a fault-tolerant scheme based on the global redundant module and unbalanced control is proposed in Chapter 5. Similarly, the dual active bridge (DAB) switch OC fault is studied in detail, and a DC current injection fault-tolerant method is proposed to address the overcurrent and transformer saturation issues in Chapter 6. The proposed solutions and their analysis are verified with MATLAB simulations and experiments with scaled-down laboratory prototypes.

Design of Modular Multilevel Converter-based Solid State Transformers

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Book Rating : 4.:/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Modular Multilevel Converter-based Solid State Transformers by : Ali Shojaei

Download or read book Design of Modular Multilevel Converter-based Solid State Transformers written by Ali Shojaei and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A Solid State Transformer (SST) performs the tasks of a conventional transformer by means of power electronic converters and high-frequency transformers. In addition to voltage level transformation, some SST topologies are able to provide ancillary services to the AC grid.In a three-stage SST, the first-stage is an AC/DC converter. In most designs, this stage employs a multilevel converter topology rather than a two-level converter. The reason for this is that a multilevel converter provides such advantages as capability to interface with a medium voltage AC grid. Among all multilevel converter topologies, a new generation of multilevel converters called Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has been considered to be a promising topology for medium/high voltage converters in back to back and High-Voltage DC (HVDC) applications.This thesis first studies the design, modulation, and control of an MMC. In this context, a modulation and control strategy is proposed which decreases the level of harmonics in the output voltage and current of the converter. Further, the proposed strategy pushes the harmonics towards higher frequencies and, hence, allows the converter to be switched at lower frequencies. Next, this thesis proposes a number of three-stage SST configurations employing an MMC in their first stage. An advantage of the proposed SST configurations is that they are readily scalable to higher voltage levels and power ratings; this enables the application of an SST in higher levels of electrical grids. Further, the proposed SSTs feature a high-voltage DC terminal in addition to the commonly provided terminals to enable connection of the SST to a DC distribution grid." --

Modular Multilevel Converters

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119875625
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Modular Multilevel Converters by : Fujin Deng

Download or read book Modular Multilevel Converters written by Fujin Deng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-29 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modular Multilevel Converters Expert discussions of cutting-edge methods used in MMC control, protection, and fault detection In Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive discussion of fault detection, protection, and tolerant control of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) under internal and external faults. Beginning with a description of the configuration of MMCs, their operation principles, modulation schemes, mathematical models, and component design, the authors go on to explore output control, fault detection, capacitor monitoring, and other topics of central importance in the field. The book offers summaries of centralized capacitor voltage-balancing control methods and presents several capacitor monitoring methods, like the direct and sorting-based techniques. It also describes full-bridge and half-bridge submodule-based hybrid MMC protection methods and alternative fault blocking SM-based MMCs. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to modular multilevel converters, including circuits, operation principles, modulation, mathematical models, components, and design constraints In-depth discussions of the control of modular multilevel converters, including output control, centralized capacitor voltage control, and individual capacitor voltage control Comprehensive explorations of fault detection of MMCs under IGBT faults, including short-circuit and open-circuit faults, as well as fault-tolerant control of MMCs Fulsome treatments of the control of MMCs under AC grid faults, including discussions of AC-side current control Perfect for electrical engineering researchers, Modular Multilevel Converters: Control, Fault Detection, and Protection, will also earn a place in the libraries of electrical engineers working in industry, as well as undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in MMCs.

Modular Multilevel Converters

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119366305
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Modular Multilevel Converters by : Sixing Du

Download or read book Modular Multilevel Converters written by Sixing Du and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An invaluable academic reference for the area of high-power converters, covering all the latest developments in the field High-power multilevel converters are well known in industry and academia as one of the preferred choices for efficient power conversion. Over the past decade, several power converters have been developed and commercialized in the form of standard and customized products that power a wide range of industrial applications. Currently, the modular multilevel converter is a fast-growing technology and has received wide acceptance from both industry and academia. Providing adequate technical background for graduate- and undergraduate-level teaching, this book includes a comprehensive analysis of the conventional and advanced modular multilevel converters employed in motor drives, HVDC systems, and power quality improvement. Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications provides an overview of high-power converters, reference frame theory, classical control methods, pulse width modulation schemes, advanced model predictive control methods, modeling of ac drives, advanced drive control schemes, modeling and control of HVDC systems, active and reactive power control, power quality problems, reactive power, harmonics and unbalance compensation, modeling and control of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) and unified power quality compensators. Furthermore, this book: Explores technical challenges, modeling, and control of various modular multilevel converters in a wide range of applications such as transformer and transformerless motor drives, high voltage direct current transmission systems, and power quality improvement Reflects the latest developments in high-power converters in medium-voltage motor drive systems Offers design guidance with tables, charts graphs, and MATLAB simulations Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications is a valuable reference book for academic researchers, practicing engineers, and other professionals in the field of high power converters. It also serves well as a textbook for graduate-level students.

Modular Multilevel Converters with Multi-frequency Power Transfer

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis Modular Multilevel Converters with Multi-frequency Power Transfer by : Yuan Li

Download or read book Modular Multilevel Converters with Multi-frequency Power Transfer written by Yuan Li and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MMC is the dominant voltage-sourced converter technology for HVDC systems including terrestrial power transmission and offshore wind power integration. It is also a state-of-the-art solution for emerging MVDC applications such as bipolar dc distribution and grid integration of renewable energy resources. Significant research has been recently targeting the development of new MMC-based topologies that can reap the benefits of the conventional dc-ac MMC in dc grids and hybrid ac/dc power systems. Notable examples include dc-dc converters, multi-port converters, line power flow controllers and power tapping stations. This thesis introduces the concept of multi-frequency power transfer in MMCs where the magnetics windings are multi-tasked to carry currents with multiple frequency components, namely dc and fundamental frequency. Core dc flux cancellation is imposed by appropriate orientation of the individual windings. This novel power transfer mechanism can eliminate redundant energy conversion through partial-power-processing while offering increased flexibility in converter port power flows. Based on the multi-frequency power transfer concept, new MMC-based topologies are proposed that are well suited for MVDC and HVDC grids and hybrid ac/dc systems. Firstly, a new class of single-stage modular multilevel dc-dc converter, termed the M2DC-CT, is proposed for applications requiring either high or low dc stepping ratios. By placing center-tapped transformer windings in series with the arms in each phase leg, the advantages of minimized ac arm currents and absence of dc voltage stress between windings are simultaneously obtained unlike in prior art. Modeling and analysis gives insight into the M2DC-CT multi-frequency power transfer characteristics and suitable converter controls are developed. Converter operation is validated through simulation and experiment. %The M2DC-CT is further extended into a three-port converter by addition of a grid side transformer winding. Secondly, a dual MMC structure is presented that achieves multi-frequency power transfer by tying together the three mid-points of the converter-side center-tapped transformer windings to form an additional dc port. This creates a bipolar MMC with the ability to balance the dc pole power flows in bipolar dc grids. The employed center-tapped transformer has a Volt-Ampere rating that is the same as a conventional grid interfacing transformer. Dynamic controls formulated in the $\alpha\beta$-frame provide tight regulation of the port power flows while ensuring balanced capacitor voltages. The independent pole balancing capability is confirmed through simulation of detailed MVDC-level and HVDC-level PSCAD models and rigorous experimental testing on a scaled-down laboratory prototype. Thirdly, the aforementioned multi-frequency dual MMC structure is proposed for use as a three-port MMC. It allows simultaneous dc-dc and dc-ac conversions between an ac grid and two dc systems, which is distinctly different from the earlier bipolar dc grid application. The $\alpha\beta$ controls developed earlier are easily extended for the three-port application by assigning appropriate reference signals. Steady-state and dynamic operation of the three-port dual MMC topology is validated by simulation with a HVDC-level PSCAD model and extensive experimental tests. Lastly, a detailed comparative assessment of three-port MMCs for high-power applications is conducted. The proposed three-port dual MMC structure and three-port version of the M2DC-CT are compared against two other existing three-port MMCs, on the basis of efficiency, semiconductor effort, internal energy storage and magnetics. Both MVDC and HVDC case studies are examined including several different power flow cases, with provisions for fault blocking. The results indicate the use of multi-frequency power transfer can enable significant reductions in converter operating losses and cost relative to prior art, depending on the application.

Multilevel Converters

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1394167350
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (941 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilevel Converters by : Salman Ahmad

Download or read book Multilevel Converters written by Salman Ahmad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-07-03 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the deep insights into the operation, modulation, and control strategies of multilevel converters, alongside their recent applications in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems. Multilevel converters have gained attention in recent years for medium/high voltage and high power industrial and residential applications. The main advantages of multilevel converters over two level converters include less voltage stress on power semiconductors, low dv/dt, low common voltage, reduced electromagnetic interference, and low total harmonics distortion, among others. Better output power quality is ensured by increasing the number of levels in the synthesized output voltage waveform. Several multilevel topologies have been reported in the literature, such as neutral point clamped (NPC), flying capacitor (FC), cascaded H-bridge (CHB), hybrid cascaded H-bridge, asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge, modular multilevel converters (MMC), active neutral point clamped converters (ANPC), and packed U-cell type converters and various reduced device counts and a reduced number of source-based topologies have been proposed in literature. The multilevel converter, although a proven and enabling technology, still presents numerous challenges in topologies, modulation, and control, as well as in need-based applications. Since multilevel converters offer a wide range of possibilities, research and development in the areas of multilevel converter topologies, modulation, and control in various applications are still growing. To further improve multilevel converter energy efficiency, reliability, power density, and cost, many research groups across the world are working to broaden the application areas of multilevel converters and make them more attractive and competitive compared to classic topologies. Multilevel Converters intends to provide deep insight about multilevel converter operation, modulation, and control strategies and various recent applications of multilevel converters such as in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems.

Multi-terminal High-voltage Converter

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119188350
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-terminal High-voltage Converter by : Bo Zhang

Download or read book Multi-terminal High-voltage Converter written by Bo Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An all-in-one guide to high-voltage, multi-terminal converters, this book brings together the state of the art and cutting-edge techniques in the various stages of designing and constructing a high-voltage converter. The book includes 9 chapters, and can be classified into three aspects. First, all existing high-voltage converters are introduced, including the conventional two-level converter, and the multi-level converters, such as the modular multi-level converter (MMC). Second, different kinds of multi-terminal high-voltage converters are presented in detail, including the topology, operation principle, control scheme and simulation verification. Third, some common issues of the proposed multi-terminal high-voltage converters are discussed, and different industrial applications of the proposed multi-terminal high-voltage converters are provided. Systematically proposes, for the first time, the design methodology for high-voltage converters in use of MTDC grids; also applicable to constructing novel power electronics converters, and driving the development of HVDC, which is one of the most important technology areas Presents the latest research on multi-terminal high-voltage converters and its application in MTDC transmission systems and other industrially important applications Offers an overview of existing technology and future trends of the high-voltage converter, with extensive discussion and analysis of different types of high-voltage converters and relevant control techniques (including DC-AC, AC-DC, DC-DC, and AC-AC converters) Provides readers with sufficient context to delve into the more specialized topics covered in the book Featuring a series of novel multi-terminal high-voltage converters proposed and patented by the authors, Multi-terminal High Voltage Converters is written for researchers, engineers, and advanced students specializing in power electronics, power system engineering and electrical engineering.

Advanced Modeling of Solid State Transformer

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Modeling of Solid State Transformer by : Mohammad Ebrahim Adabi Firouzjaee

Download or read book Advanced Modeling of Solid State Transformer written by Mohammad Ebrahim Adabi Firouzjaee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solid state transformer (SST) is seen as a proper replacement of the conventional iron-and-copper transformer in the future smart grid . The SST offers several benefits (e.g. enhanced power quality performance or reactive power control at both primary and secondary sides) that can be of paramount importance for the development of the smart grid . This research focuses on the development and implementation of an advanced model of a three stage bidirectional SST in Matlab/Simulink. The goal is to obtain an realistic SST model (i.e. as close to the real SST as possible) that could duplicate the performance of a real MV/LV SST. This considered design consists of three main stages: medium voltage (MV) stage, isolation stage, and low voltage (LV) stage. When the power flows from the MV side to the LV side, the input power-frequency ac voltage is converted into a MV dc voltage by the three-phase ac/dc converter, which in such case works as rectifier. The isolation stage, which includes a high-frequency transformer (HFT) and the two corresponding MV- and LV-side converters, first converts the MV-side dc voltage into a high-frequency square-wave voltage applied to the primary of the HFT; the secondary side square-wave signal is then converted to a LV dc waveform by the LV-side converter, which also works as rectifier. Finally, the output LV-side three-phase dc/ac converter, which works as inverter, provides the output power-frequency ac waveform from the LV-side dc link. Si-based semiconductor technologies can be used for MV applications using a multilelvel configuration. Recently, modular multilevel converter (03C) topologies have attracted attention for high or medium voltage applications. These converters can provide an effective topology for the MV side of the SST; their main advantages are modularity and scalability: the desired voltage level can be easily achieved by a series connection of 03C sub-modules (SMs). In addition,a 03C topology can provide high power quality and efficiency with reduced size of passive filters. These features made the 03C option an attractive topology for the MV stage of the SST. This thesis proposes a three-stage SST configuration based on 03C technology for MV converters. * The input stage of the SST is connected to the distribution system via RL filters and its three-phase configuration uses a 03C technology. A half-bridge configuration is proposed for each SM. * The isolation stage consists of three parts: a MV single-phase 03C, the high-frequency transformer (HFT), and a single-phase LV PWM converter. * The LV side of the SST uses a three-phase four-leg PWM converter, with an RL impedance for filtering currents and a capacitor bank for filtering voltages. The converters and their controller have been implemented adn tested considering models without and with semiconductor losses, while the SST model has been tested as a stand-alone device and a compnent of a distribution system. The model has been tested under severe dynamic and unbalanced conditions. The simulation results support the choices made for any SST stage and proves that the proposed design could be a feasible choice for the future SST.

Multilevel Converters for Industrial Applications

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439895627
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilevel Converters for Industrial Applications by : Sergio Alberto Gonzalez

Download or read book Multilevel Converters for Industrial Applications written by Sergio Alberto Gonzalez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern semiconductor devices have reached high current and voltage levels, and their power-handling limits can be extended if they are used in multilevel converter configurations. To create high-performance and reliable control designs, however, engineers need in-depth understanding of the characteristics and operation of these topologies. Multilevel Converters for Industrial Applications presents a thorough and comprehensive analysis of multilevel converters with a common DC voltage source. The book offers a novel perspective to help readers understand the principles of the operation of voltage-source multilevel converters as power processors, and their capabilities and limitations. The book begins with an overview of medium-voltage power converters and their applications. It then analyzes the topological characteristics of the diode-clamped multilevel converter, the flying capacitor multilevel converter, and the asymmetric cascaded multilevel converter. For each topology, the authors highlight particular control issues and design trade-offs. They also develop relevant modulation and control strategies. Numerous graphical representations aid in the analysis of the topologies and are useful for beginning the analysis of new multilevel converter topologies. The last two chapters of the book explore two case studies that analyze the behavior of the cascade asymmetric multilevel converter as a distribution static compensator and shunt active power filter, and the behavior of the diode-clamped topology configured as a back-to-back converter. These case studies demonstrate how to address the associated control problems with advanced control and modulation schemes. Examining recent advances, this book provides deep insight on the design of high-power multilevel converters and their applications. It is a valuable reference for anyone interested in medium-voltage power conversion, which is increasingly being used in industry and in renewable energy and distributed generation systems to improve efficiency and operation flexibility.

Modeling and Control of a Solid-State Transformer with Small Passive Components for DC Grid Applications

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling and Control of a Solid-State Transformer with Small Passive Components for DC Grid Applications by : Sandro P. Martin

Download or read book Modeling and Control of a Solid-State Transformer with Small Passive Components for DC Grid Applications written by Sandro P. Martin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modern electrical power grid increasingly features semiconductor-based power electronics converters in place of traditional transformers. Known as solid-state transformers (SST), these converters are distinguished for their controllability, their efficiency, and their reduced size and weight. Of the existing converter topologies, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is popular for implementation as a solid-state transformer, including in direct current (DC) grid interfaces. In the existing engineering literature, the MMC is often studied operating under a low-frequency sinusoidal modulation, and is often implemented with large passive components. This tends to make the converter more stable, and relaxes the requirements placed on the control system. By changing the MMC so that it instead operates with a medium-frequency square waveform in a DC SST, the passive components can be significantly reduced, as well as the semiconductor device ratings. However, a greater emphasis and burden is then placed on the control system's speed and accuracy. This is problematic because an MMC with small passive components experiences tight coupling among its state variables, which significantly complicates efforts to design a traditional control system for it. This dissertation proposes and investigates methods for modeling and controlling an MMC that uses small passive components. Two major strategies are investigated: two approaches based on the traditional proportional-integral (PI) control, and one approach based on the increasingly popular model predictive control (MPC). By taking advantage of the square-wave operation, it is possible to design simplified model-based PI controllers that achieve power flow control. A more complete model that fully accounts for the MMC's internal dynamics is also proposed and studied in this dissertation. Although it is difficult to apply the full benefits of this model to PI controller design, an MPC-type controller can easily make full use of it and achieve good control of the MMC's power flow and internal dynamics. Unlike most other MPC controllers in the engineering literature, the MPC controller proposed in this dissertation has a very low computational burden and does not require iterative solutions. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the proposed models and the developed control systems.

Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119475899
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration by : Ali Iftekhar Maswood

Download or read book Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration written by Ali Iftekhar Maswood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of advanced multilevel converter design, control, operation and grid-connected applications Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration presents a comprehensive review of the core principles of advanced multilevel converters, which require fewer components and provide higher power conversion efficiency and output power quality. The authors – noted experts in the field – explain in detail the operation principles and control strategies and present the mathematical expressions and design procedures of their components. The text examines the advantages and disadvantages compared to the classical multilevel and two level power converters. The authors also include examples of the industrial applications of the advanced multilevel converters and offer thoughtful explanations on their control strategies. Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration provides a clear understanding of the gap difference between research conducted and the current industrial needs. This important guide: Puts the focus on the new challenges and topics in related areas such as modulation methods, harmonic analysis, voltage balancing and balanced current injection Makes a strong link between the fundamental concepts of power converters and advances multilevel converter topologies and examines their control strategies, together with practical engineering considerations Provides a valid reference for further developments in the multilevel converters design issue Contains simulations files for further study Written for university students in electrical engineering, researchers in areas of multilevel converters, high-power converters and engineers and operators in power industry, Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration offers a comprehensive review of the core principles of advanced multilevel converters, with contributions from noted experts in the field.

Optimal Sizing of Modular Multilevel Converters

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal Sizing of Modular Multilevel Converters by : Amin Zabihinejad

Download or read book Optimal Sizing of Modular Multilevel Converters written by Amin Zabihinejad and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades, power electronics has penetrated high power applications in many areas of the electrical industry. After the emergence of high-voltage semiconductor switch technologies these applications also required advances in the field of static converter topologies: The main challenges were to achieve voltage levels compatible with the application power domain, to increase the apparent switching frequency at the output, to increase the control bandwidth, to reduce the size of the elements of filtering and of limiting the current harmonics injected into the supply network. The topologies of multi-level modular converters (MMC) are based on this research problem: they enable the use of switching cells to achieve high power levels that can be used with existing switch technologies, frequencies and switching losses of the elementary switches while controlling the total harmonic distortion (THD). Modularity, redundancy, degrees of freedom and MMC functionality also allow them to increase fault tolerance. They now penetrated a wide range of applications, such as high-voltage DC (HVDC), renewable energy systems, high-speed variable speed drives, rail and marine traction, and very specific applications in terms of dynamic performance such as electromagnet power systems in particle accelerators. MMC topologies are composed of elementary switching cells using electronic switches such as the standard Integrated Control Thyristor (IGCT) or the latest generation of IGBTs. MMC converters have been the subject of extensive research and development work on topologies, modeling, and calculation of steady-state and transient operation, loss calculation, the harmonic content of electrical quantities and systems control and regulation functions. On the other hand, the dimensioning methodology of these structures is rarely addressed in the published works. Like most static converter topologies, MMC converters are composed not only of switches but also passive components of energy storage devices (capacitors) and magnetic (inductors, couplers) that are essential to ensure the conversion of the input and output electrical quantities. These components have a strong influence on the size, the volume and the efficiency of the converters and the optimal dimensioning of the latter often result from a compromise between the size of the passive components, the frequency and the power switchable by the elementary switches. The research presented in this thesis concerns the development of an optimal and comprehensive design methodology for MMCs integrating active and passive components, respecting the constraints of the application specifications and maximizing certain performance objectives. This methodology is used to analyze the various trade-off between the overall efficiency of the converter and its mass, or even its volume. These various scenarios can also be translated into cost if the user has the price of the available components. Various competing solutions using a specific number of cells adapted to switches with different characteristics in terms of voltage, current, and associated losses can thus be compared on the basis of identical input-output specifications. The methodology is applied to the dimensioning of an MMC converter used as an active front-end (AFE) input of a high-power pulsed solenoid power supply. In the first part, a fast, precise and generic method for calculating the steady-state model of MMC converter is developed. It has the particularity of taking into account the switching frequency as opposed to conventional approaches using modeling in mean values. This tool is very useful in evaluating the harmonic content that is constrained by the specifications, it is the heart of the design environment of the converter. Unlike conventional converters, there are circulation currents in MMC converter structure that make it complex to analyze. The inductors which are used in the arms of the topology are generally bulky and expensive in terms of volume and mass. It is common to use coupled inductors to reduce ripple, THD, and mass. In the presented work, an equivalent circuit of coupled inductances considering the saturation effect is developed and integrated. The use of coupled inductors increases the complexity of the analysis and the precision of its sizing method is critical for the overall optimization of the converter. An analytical model for the dimensioning of these components has been developed and integrated as well as a higher complexity model which uses the finite element method calculation. The proposed optimal and global design methodology uses a nonlinear optimization procedure with constraints that drive the steady-state computing tool, multi-level design models of passive component complexity, and other modules to quantify the fault state. To compensate the low precision of the analytical models, a hybrid optimization approach is also implemented. In the hybrid optimization loop, the inductance-sizing model can be corrected by the higher complexity model that uses finite element computation. A better compromise is thus obtained between the precision of the optimal results and convergence time of the iterative global optimization method.

Solid State Transformer

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Author :
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (661 download)

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Book Synopsis Solid State Transformer by : Fouad Sabry

Download or read book Solid State Transformer written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2022-08-31 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Solid State Transformer In actuality, an AC-to-AC converter, also known as a solid-state transformer (SST), power electronic transformer (PET), or electronic power transformer, is a type of electric power converter that replaces a conventional transformer in AC electric power distribution. This type of electric power converter is known as an AC-to-AC converter. Because it works at a higher frequency, this kind of transformer is more complicated than a traditional transformer that uses the utility frequency, but it also has the potential to be more space-efficient and smaller than a traditional transformer. The two primary varieties are referred to as "real" AC-to-AC converters and AC-to-DC-to-DC-to-AC converters, respectively. The AC-to-AC converter or DC-to-DC converter that is often found inside of a solid-state transformer is really a transformer. This transformer is what provides the electrical isolation and carries the entire power. This transformer is more compact because the DC-DC inverting stages that occur between the transformer coils are on the smaller side. As a result, the transformer coils that are needed to step up or step down voltages are also on the smaller side. Active regulation of voltage and current may be performed via a solid-state transformer. There are several that are able to convert electricity from single-phase to three-phase and vice versa. The amount of conversions that need to take place may be decreased by having variations that can either input or output DC power. This results in increased end-to-end efficiency. A Modular Solid-state transformer is similar to a Multi-level converter in that it is made up of numerous high-frequency transformers and has the same function. Because it is an intricate electrical circuit, it has to be constructed such that it can survive surges of various kinds, such as lightning. The solid-state transformer is a relatively new kind of transformer. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Solid-state transformer Chapter 2: Power factor Chapter 3: Rectifier Chapter 4: Power supply Chapter 5: Power inverter Chapter 6: Switched-mode power supply Chapter 7: DC-to-DC converter Chapter 8: Voltage regulator Chapter 9: Power electronics Chapter 10: Motor?generator Chapter 11: Rotary converter Chapter 12: HVDC converter station Chapter 13: Variable-frequency drive Chapter 14: Index of electrical engineering articles Chapter 15: H-bridge Chapter 16: Phase converter Chapter 17: Voltage converter Chapter 18: Induction heater Chapter 19: Transformer types Chapter 20: Electric machine Chapter 21: Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering (II) Answering the public top questions about solid state transformer. (III) Real world examples for the usage of solid state transformer in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of solid state transformer' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of solid state transformer.

Development of Modular Solid-state Transformer Based on Distributed Control

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Modular Solid-state Transformer Based on Distributed Control by : Yang Lei (Ph. D.)

Download or read book Development of Modular Solid-state Transformer Based on Distributed Control written by Yang Lei (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A solid-state transformer (SST) is a power electronics converter that converts high voltage alternating current to low voltage alternating current and it aims to replace conventional 60 Hz power transformers. The SST has been regarded as one of the most emerging technologies in power distribution systems. Transferring energy through a high-frequency transformer with power electronics brings SST advantages of low volume, low weight, fault isolation, and potential additional functions, such as voltage regulation, harmonic filtering, reactive power compensation, etc. However, the involvement of a large number of power devices makes the control of an SST a challenge. In addition, the high voltage and high-power hardware design of the SST are not easy. To resolve these issues, this research seeks to develop a modular solid-state transformer (MSST). Specifically, the overall SST system is built by multiple identical isolated AC/AC converter modules connected in an input-seriesoutput-parallel configuration. Also, a distributed control algorithm has been developed for MSST to further increase modularity. The proposed solution of SST significantly reduced the overall system complexity and cost. Compared to previous research on SST, MSST improves both conversion efficiency and power density. The modular architecture allows more flexibility on converter module design optimization. Therefore, optimization of the isolated DC/DC converter stage is studied in this research. The hardware implementation and a distributed control algorithm will be illustrated in detail. Simulation and experiment results will be shown to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of MSST

Modular Multilevel Converters for Electric Transportation Applications

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Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9781119526254
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Modular Multilevel Converters for Electric Transportation Applications by : Deepak Ronanki

Download or read book Modular Multilevel Converters for Electric Transportation Applications written by Deepak Ronanki and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2025-01-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, the technical challenges, and the control aspects of modular multilevel converters Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have emerged in recent years as the newest breed of multilevel converters, and have received wide acceptance both in industry and academia. The benefits and desirable features of MMCs are manifold: modularity, high-quality output waveforms, absence of dc-link capacitance, and lower electromagnetic interference. MMCs rely on transformerless operation and can be a multi-motor operation, so it can be scaled to higher power and voltage levels—resulting in high efficiency—and tolerate faults to a greater degree than other systems. Modular Multilevel Converter offers a uniquely wide range of topics relating to MMCs, from electrical machines, to control theory, to electronics and power electronics. The book provides the reader with information to strengthen their understanding of basic concepts, as well as the latest technologies in propulsion systems, power supplies, and battery charging infrastructure. The scope of this resource is comprehensive with detailed discussions on different submodule design, diverse modeling approach, pulse width modulation schemes, and voltage balancing methods. It also examines charge-balancing control techniques, circulating current suppressing control schemes, and reliability enhancement features. Most significantly, the text reflects the latest technologies in electric transportation—electric railway traction, battery-charging infrastructure, and marine applications—and is aligned to current industry requirements. Modular Multilevel Converter readers will also find: Discussion of the fundamentals and important concepts with the simulations in PLECS® platform and OPAL-RT® real-time digital simulator. Coverage of the global standards such as IEC and IEEE for each application and their requirements A series of case studies that highlight aspects of MMC application A companion website that provides self-explanatory demo-simulation models of MMC with different variants of carrier-based pulse width modulation schemes Modular Multilevel Converter isa useful reference for academic researchers, design engineers, graduate courses, and other professionals in the field of electric transportation.

Control of Multilevel Converters for Voltage Balancing and Fault-tolerant Operations

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Control of Multilevel Converters for Voltage Balancing and Fault-tolerant Operations by : Aparna Saha

Download or read book Control of Multilevel Converters for Voltage Balancing and Fault-tolerant Operations written by Aparna Saha and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multilevel converters (MLC) have been widely accepted in recent times for high power and medium to high voltage applications. Developments in semiconductor technology and commercial availability of high power switches have made two-level voltage-source converters (VSC) feasible for high power applications; however, for high voltage and high power systems, instead of using switches with high voltage ratings, it is beneficial to connect multiple low-voltage rated switches in series in multilevel approach. Compared to conventional two-level VSCs, MLCs have better capability to (i) lower harmonic distortion of the AC-side waveforms, (ii) decrease the dv/dt switching stresses, and (iii) reduce the switching losses. Moreover, MLCs are easily configurable with multiple renewable energy sources such as solar power, wind power, and fuel cells. Among diverse MLC topologies, diode-clamped converter (DCC) configuration is analyzed in this dissertation. The salient feature of DCC topology is that all three phases of the converter share a common DC bus voltage which minimizes total capacitor requirements. However, DCCs have their own limitations such as the voltage balancing among the converter cells and control complexity. Due to the series connection of the dc-capacitor cells, the voltage sharing among the cells deteriorates during certain operating conditions. To have increased number of voltage levels at the output, DCCs require a higher number of power semiconductor switches and associated electronic components. That means multilevel DCCs are more difficult to control and more expensive than two-level VSCs. There is also a much higher possibility of a device failing. To improve the reliability and performance stability of the overall converter system, an easily configurable controller with a fault-tolerant capability is essential. This dissertation presents the development of generalized control algorithms and a novel converter topology to address the inherent technical issues associated with the higher-level DCC system. A unique space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) based controller is developed for 3-level and 5-level DCC with minimal switching operation that ensures voltage balancing and minimizes switching loss. The effectiveness of the proposed SVPWM controller is further validated through multilevel DCC operations at high modulation index without any additional balancing circuitry. The fault-tolerant capabilities of multilevel DCC are also improved by using a new SVPWM controller, which ensures continuous operation under certain device failures. Moreover, a novel three-phase multilevel DCC topology is proposed that reduces the power electronic device counts remarkably with the increase of output voltage levels while maintaining control flexibility. The developed control algorithms are implemented in the DCC topology and their operations are experimentally verified.

Design, Control and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems

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ISBN 13 : 9781118851555
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Design, Control and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems by : Kamran Sharifabadi

Download or read book Design, Control and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems written by Kamran Sharifabadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: