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Fate Of Pesticides In The Atmosphere Implications For Environmental Risk Assessment
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Book Synopsis Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Implications for Environmental Risk Assessment by : Harrie F.G. van Dijk
Download or read book Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Implications for Environmental Risk Assessment written by Harrie F.G. van Dijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global pesticide use is currently estimated at approximately 2. 5 billion kg per year (Pimentel eta/. , 1998). To be effective, pesticides need to persist for a certain period of time. However, the longer their persistence, the greater the potential for transport of a fraction of the amount applied away from the target area. Pesticides are dispersed in the environment by water currents, wind, or biota. Pesticides can directly contaminate ground and surface waters by leaching, surface run-off and drift. Pesticides can also enter the atmosphere during application by evaporation and drift of small spray droplets, that remain airborne. Following application, pesticides may volatilise from the crop or the soil. Finally, wind erosion can cause soil particles and dust loaded with pesticides to enter the atmosphere. The extent to which pesticides enter the air compartment is dependent upon many factors: the properties of the substance in question (e. g. vapour pressure), the amount used, the method of application, the formulation, the weather conditions (such as wind speed, temperature, humidity), the nature of the crop and soil characteristics. Measurements at application sites reveal that sometimes more than half of the amount applied is lost into the atmosphere within a few days (Spencer and Cliath, 1990; Taylor and Spencer; 1990; Van den Berg et a/. , this issue).
Book Synopsis Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere by : Harrie F. G. Van Dijk
Download or read book Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere written by Harrie F. G. Van Dijk and published by . This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Implications for Environmental Risk Assessment by : Harrie F.G. van Dijk
Download or read book Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Implications for Environmental Risk Assessment written by Harrie F.G. van Dijk and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-10-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global pesticide use is currently estimated at approximately 2. 5 billion kg per year (Pimentel eta/. , 1998). To be effective, pesticides need to persist for a certain period of time. However, the longer their persistence, the greater the potential for transport of a fraction of the amount applied away from the target area. Pesticides are dispersed in the environment by water currents, wind, or biota. Pesticides can directly contaminate ground and surface waters by leaching, surface run-off and drift. Pesticides can also enter the atmosphere during application by evaporation and drift of small spray droplets, that remain airborne. Following application, pesticides may volatilise from the crop or the soil. Finally, wind erosion can cause soil particles and dust loaded with pesticides to enter the atmosphere. The extent to which pesticides enter the air compartment is dependent upon many factors: the properties of the substance in question (e. g. vapour pressure), the amount used, the method of application, the formulation, the weather conditions (such as wind speed, temperature, humidity), the nature of the crop and soil characteristics. Measurements at application sites reveal that sometimes more than half of the amount applied is lost into the atmosphere within a few days (Spencer and Cliath, 1990; Taylor and Spencer; 1990; Van den Berg et a/. , this issue).
Book Synopsis Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States by : John P. Giesy
Download or read book Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States written by John P. Giesy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Author :United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs Publisher :DIANE Publishing ISBN 13 :1428904824 Total Pages :92 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (289 download)
Book Synopsis Overview of the ecological risk assessment process in the Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency endangered and threatened species effects determinations. by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs
Download or read book Overview of the ecological risk assessment process in the Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency endangered and threatened species effects determinations. written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-02 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.
Book Synopsis Pesticides in the Atmosphere by : Michael S. Majewski
Download or read book Pesticides in the Atmosphere written by Michael S. Majewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people know about the presence and health effects of pesticide residues in the water they drink. However, they may not realize the impact of atmospheric transportation and deposition of pesticides on water quality. Scientific studies of pesticides in various atmospheric matrices (air, rain, snow, aerosols, and fog) provide some of the answers.
Book Synopsis Soil and Water Quality by : National Research Council
Download or read book Soil and Water Quality written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can the United States meet demands for agricultural production while solving the broader range of environmental problems attributed to farming practices? National policymakers who try to answer this question confront difficult trade-offs. This book offers four specific strategies that can serve as the basis for a national policy to protect soil and water quality while maintaining U.S. agricultural productivity and competitiveness. Timely and comprehensive, the volume has important implications for the Clean Air Act and the 1995 farm bill. Advocating a systems approach, the committee recommends specific farm practices and new approaches to prevention of soil degradation and water pollution for environmental agencies. The volume details methods of evaluating soil management systems and offers a wealth of information on improved management of nitrogen, phosphorus, manure, pesticides, sediments, salt, and trace elements. Landscape analysis of nonpoint source pollution is also detailed. Drawing together research findings, survey results, and case examples, the volume will be of interest to federal, state, and local policymakers; state and local environmental and agricultural officials and other environmental and agricultural specialists; scientists involved in soil and water issues; researchers; and agricultural producers.
Book Synopsis Environmental Impacts of Pesticides: Environmental Fate, Ecotoxicology, Risk Assessment, and Remediation by : Liangang Mao
Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Pesticides: Environmental Fate, Ecotoxicology, Risk Assessment, and Remediation written by Liangang Mao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-25 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pesticide Residues in Food and Drinking Water by : Denis Hamilton
Download or read book Pesticide Residues in Food and Drinking Water written by Denis Hamilton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-03-26 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores human exposure and consumer risk assessment in response to issues surrounding pesticide residues in food and drinking water. All the three main areas of consumer risk assessment including human toxicology, pesticide residue chemistry and dietary consumption are brought together and discussed. Includes the broader picture - the environmental fate of pesticides Takes an international approach with contributors from the European Union, USA and Australia Highlights the increasing concerns over food safety and the risks to humans
Download or read book Pesticides written by Graham Matthews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last five decades pesticides have undoubtedly helped toincrease agricultural production and control vectors of disease,however the environmental impact of long term agro-chemical use hasbeen cause for concern along with the effects on human health. In Pesticides, Graham Matthews begins by looking at thedevelopmental history of pesticides, and how crop protection wasachieved before they were in use, how pesticides are registered foruse and what happens to pesticides in food and the environment.Pesticide application and operator safety is investigated and thefuture of pesticides in light of the development of geneticallymodified crops is explored. Provides commercially important information for theagro-chemical industry Addresses all aspects of public concern relating to humanhealth and the environment, including spray drift, bystander,resident and worker exposure Looks at the future of pesticides in light of the increasingprevalence of genetically modified crops Collecting together the most recent research in the area in asingle volume, this book is a vital resource for agriculturalscientists, agronomists, plant scientists, plant pathologists,entomologists, environmental scientists, public health personnel,toxicologists, crop protection personnel and all those involved inthe agrochemical industry and government pesticide registration andlegislation.
Book Synopsis Agrochemical Environmental Fate State of the Art by : Marguerite L. Leng
Download or read book Agrochemical Environmental Fate State of the Art written by Marguerite L. Leng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-04-28 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate risk assessment is critical to pesticide regulation. This authoritative reference provides an exhaustive evaluation of current agrochemical environmental fate studies, a critical review of current EPA pesticide assessment guidelines, and a wide variety of environmental simulation models. Divided into four sections, this well-organized book provides a wealth of data and information vital to anyone involved in environmental exposure assessment, groundwater, surface water, and water contamination, pesticide regulation, and environmental simulation modeling. At your fingertips, you will have the latest information on the development of meaningful environmental fate data and how this information will result in accurate assessment of potential environmental and human hazards. The inadequacy of current regulatory guidelines and the resulting nonscientific assessment of agrochemical environmental fate are discussed in detail. A wide variety of environmental fate studies are included to demonstrate the current use of data to assess environmental fate and potential hazards associated with agrochemical use. Finally, ten chapters discuss the use of computer models that have been developed for analyzing and integrating data from a variety of environmental fate studies on agrochemicals used under various field conditions.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :925137774X Total Pages :49 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-04-29 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this guidance on fulfilling the reporting requirements of Article 12 of the Code of Conduct is to obtain a regular flow of information on its observance to strengthen implementation of the Code, to provide data for its future revisions and improvement, and, most importantly, to improve the protection of human health and the environment related to pesticide use and management in agriculture and public health. The guidance was prepared in compliance with the FAO/WHO International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management, which sets out a framework and voluntary standards of conduct for stakeholders in pesticide management, in particular governments and the pesticide industry. Endorsed by FAO, WHO, governments, pesticide producers, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders, the Code outlines their shared responsibility to promote best practice and risk reduction throughout the pesticide life cycle. The Code of Conduct thereby establishes the commitment and moral obligation of stakeholders to comply with the agreed standards of conduct and to assume their respective responsibilities. These include governments’ responsibility to promote pesticide risk reduction and the industry’s responsibility to produce products that are adapted to the context of their use and to provide stewardship of those products throughout their life cycle. This guidance was prepared with the support of the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management (JMPM) to provide further guidance on the provisions of the Code of Conduct related to its observance and implementation. It reflects the joint FAO/WHO approach to pesticide management, thus addressing the topic in both agricultural and public health settings.
Book Synopsis Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology by : George Ware
Download or read book Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology written by George Ware and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy, and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicology implications.
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems by : Krishna Kumar Choudhary
Download or read book Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems written by Krishna Kumar Choudhary and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-05-04 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems explains the causative factors of climate change related to agriculture, soil and plants, and discusses the relevant resulting mitigation process. Agricultural ecosystems include factors from the surrounding areas where agriculture experiences direct or indirect interaction with the plants, animals, and microbes present. Changes in climatic conditions influence all the factors of agricultural ecosystems, which can potentially adversely affect their productivity. This book summarizes the different aspects of vulnerability, adaptation, and amelioration of climate change in respect to plants, crops, soil, and microbes for the sustainability of the agricultural sector and, ultimately, food security for the future. It also focuses on the utilization of information technology for the sustainability of the agricultural sector along with the capacity and adaptability of agricultural societies under climate change. Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems incorporates both theoretical and practical aspects, and serves as base line information for future research. This book is a valuable resource for those working in environmental sciences, soil sciences, agricultural microbiology, plant pathology, and agronomy. Covers the role of chemicals fertilizers, environmental deposition, and xenobiotics in climate change Discusses the impact of climate change on plants, soil, microflora, and agricultural ecosystems Explores the mitigation of climate change by sustainable methods Presents the role of computational modelling in climate change mitigation
Book Synopsis Assessment of the Sources, Atmospheric Fluxes, Environmental Cycling, Effects and Sinks of Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs by :
Download or read book Assessment of the Sources, Atmospheric Fluxes, Environmental Cycling, Effects and Sinks of Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Semi-Field Methods for the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Soil by : Andreas Schaeffer
Download or read book Semi-Field Methods for the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Soil written by Andreas Schaeffer and published by . This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on discussions at the 2007 SETAC Europe PERAS Workshop in Coimbra, this book summarizes the higher tier terrestrial risk assessment of plant protection products (PPPs). Influential regulators, academics, and industry scientists provide a comprehensive, science-based view to guide regulatory authorities and manufacturers in assessing the higher tier terrestrial risks of PPPs in the environment. It examines various types of semi-field methods for soil assessment, including the use of terrestrial model ecosystems for pesticide risk assessment. In addition, the text explores legislative and regulatory issues and offers technical recommendations.
