Farming Human Pathogens

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038792213X
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Farming Human Pathogens by : Rodrick Wallace

Download or read book Farming Human Pathogens written by Rodrick Wallace and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farming Human Pathogens: Ecological Resilience and Evolutionary Process introduces a cutting-edge mathematical formalism based on the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory to describe how punctuated shifts in mesoscale ecosystems can entrain patterns of gene expression and organismal evolution. The authors apply the new formalism toward characterizing a number of infectious diseases that have evolved in response to the world as humans have made it. Many of the human pathogens that are emerging out from underneath epidemiological control are 'farmed' in the metaphorical sense, as the evolution of drug-resistant HIV makes clear, but also quite literally, as demonstrated by avian influenza's emergence from poultry farms in southern China. The most successful pathogens appear able to integrate selection pressures humans have imposed upon them from a variety of socioecological scales. The book also presents a related treatment of Eigen's Paradox and the RNA 'error catastrophe' that bedevils models of the origins of viruses and of biological life itself.

Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309259363
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.

Big Farms Make Big Flu

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Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1583675906
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis Big Farms Make Big Flu by : Rob Wallace

Download or read book Big Farms Make Big Flu written by Rob Wallace and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first collection to explore infectious disease, agriculture, economics, and the nature of science together Thanks to breakthroughs in production and food science, agribusiness has been able to devise new ways to grow more food and get it more places more quickly. There is no shortage of news items on hundreds of thousands of hybrid poultry—each animal genetically identical to the next—packed together in megabarns, grown out in a matter of months, then slaughtered, processed and shipped to the other side of the globe. Less well known are the deadly pathogens mutating in, and emerging out of, these specialized agro-environments. In fact, many of the most dangerous new diseases in humans can be traced back to such food systems, among them Campylobacter, Nipah virus, Q fever, hepatitis E, and a variety of novel influenza variants. Agribusiness has known for decades that packing thousands of birds or livestock together results in a monoculture that selects for such disease. But market economics doesn't punish the companies for growing Big Flu—it punishes animals, the environment, consumers, and contract farmers. Alongside growing profits, diseases are permitted to emerge, evolve, and spread with little check. “That is,” writes evolutionary biologist Rob Wallace, “it pays to produce a pathogen that could kill a billion people.” In Big Farms Make Big Flu, a collection of dispatches by turns harrowing and thought-provoking, Wallace tracks the ways influenza and other pathogens emerge from an agriculture controlled by multinational corporations. Wallace details, with a precise and radical wit, the latest in the science of agricultural epidemiology, while at the same time juxtaposing ghastly phenomena such as attempts at producing featherless chickens, microbial time travel, and neoliberal Ebola. Wallace also offers sensible alternatives to lethal agribusiness. Some, such as farming cooperatives, integrated pathogen management, and mixed crop-livestock systems, are already in practice off the agribusiness grid. While many books cover facets of food or outbreaks, Wallace's collection appears the first to explore infectious disease, agriculture, economics and the nature of science together. Big Farms Make Big Flu integrates the political economies of disease and science to derive a new understanding of the evolution of infections. Highly capitalized agriculture may be farming pathogens as much as chickens or corn.

WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals

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Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241550130
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals by : World Health Organization

Download or read book WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-11-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO has launched new guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, recommending that farmers and the food industry stop using antibiotics routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals. These guidelines aim to help preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics that are important for human medicine by reducing their use in animals.

The Use of Drugs in Food Animals

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309175771
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Drugs in Food Animals by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Use of Drugs in Food Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-01-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.

Emerging foodborne pathogens

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849334290
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging foodborne pathogens by : Yasmine Motarjemi

Download or read book Emerging foodborne pathogens written by Yasmine Motarjemi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-06-09 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments such as the increasing globalization of the food industry, constant innovations in technologies and products, and changes in the susceptibility of populations to disease have all highlighted the problem of emerging pathogens, either newly discovered through more sensitive analytical methods, linked for the first time to disease in humans, or newly associated with a particular food. Designed for microbiologists and quality assurance professionals and for government and academic food safety scientists, this timely reference discusses ways of identifying emerging pathogens and includes chapters on individual pathogens, their epidemiology, methods of detection, and means of control.

Ecology and Evolution of Dung Beetles

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444333151
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology and Evolution of Dung Beetles by : Leigh W. Simmons

Download or read book Ecology and Evolution of Dung Beetles written by Leigh W. Simmons and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-06 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the evolutionary and ecological consequences of reproductive competition for scarabaeine dung beetles. As well as giving us insight into the private lives of these fascinating creatures, this book shows how dung beetles can be used as model systems for improving our general understanding of broad evolutionary and ecological processes, and how they generate biological diversity. Over the last few decades we have begun to see further than ever before, with our research efforts yielding new information at all levels of analysis, from whole organism biology to genomics. This book brings together leading researchers who contribute chapters that integrate our current knowledge of phylogenetics and evolution, developmental biology, comparative morphology, physiology, behaviour, and population and community ecology. Dung beetle research is shedding light on the ultimate question of how best to document and conserve the world's biodiversity. The book will be of interest to established researchers, university teachers, research students, conservation biologists, and those wanting to know more about the dung beetle taxon.

Soil Components and Human Health

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402412220
Total Pages : 886 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Components and Human Health by : Rolf Nieder

Download or read book Soil Components and Human Health written by Rolf Nieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights important links existing between soils and human health which up to now are not fully realized by the public. Soil materials may have deleterious, beneficial or no impacts on human health; therefore, understanding the complex relationships between diverse soil materials and human health will encourage creative cooperation between soil and environmental sciences and medicine. The topics covered in this book will be of immense value to a wide range of readers, including soil scientists, medical scientists and practitioners, nursing scientists and staff, toxicologists, ecologists, agronomists, geologists, geochemists, public health professionals, planners and several others.

Advancements and Technologies in Pig and Poultry Bacterial Disease Control

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128180307
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Advancements and Technologies in Pig and Poultry Bacterial Disease Control by : Neil Foster

Download or read book Advancements and Technologies in Pig and Poultry Bacterial Disease Control written by Neil Foster and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements and Technologies in Pig and Poultry Bacterial Disease Control provides the most up-to-date knowledge on the tools and technologies used in the economics, prevention, monitoring and control of the most important bacterial diseases in these two important livestock species. Written by international experts in veterinary medicine, veterinary science, agricultural economics and environmental monitoring, this book provides state-of-the-art information regarding the application of technology to the prevention and control of bacterial disease in pigs and poultry. It presents the most up-to-date information on the major bacterial pathogens, why they are important, their epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular basis of their virulence. Additional sections examine how genomic sequencing addresses the development of disease biomarkers for faster and highly specific diagnosis and how next generation sequencing can identify good and bad microflora. This book will be a valuable resource for veterinarians, epidemiologists, animal scientists, technologists, and researchers studying precision livestock farming. Students in veterinary, animal science and bio-science courses will also find it useful for its coverage of diseases and monitoring tools. Highlights crossover technologies from human to veterinary medicine, including the use of bioinformatics and genomics for disease prevention Uses results from the EU FP7-funded ProHealth project, the largest of its type ever awarded by the EU Examines how genomic analysis via next generation sequencing and microarray platforms can be exploited to develop novel biomarkers of bacterial disease in animals Reports on novel environmental monitoring tools and their use in determining disease threshold levels within herds and flocks

Microbiomes of the Built Environment

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309449839
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiomes of the Built Environment by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Microbiomes of the Built Environment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People's desire to understand the environments in which they live is a natural one. People spend most of their time in spaces and structures designed, built, and managed by humans, and it is estimated that people in developed countries now spend 90 percent of their lives indoors. As people move from homes to workplaces, traveling in cars and on transit systems, microorganisms are continually with and around them. The human-associated microbes that are shed, along with the human behaviors that affect their transport and removal, make significant contributions to the diversity of the indoor microbiome. The characteristics of "healthy" indoor environments cannot yet be defined, nor do microbial, clinical, and building researchers yet understand how to modify features of indoor environmentsâ€"such as building ventilation systems and the chemistry of building materialsâ€"in ways that would have predictable impacts on microbial communities to promote health and prevent disease. The factors that affect the environments within buildings, the ways in which building characteristics influence the composition and function of indoor microbial communities, and the ways in which these microbial communities relate to human health and well-being are extraordinarily complex and can be explored only as a dynamic, interconnected ecosystem by engaging the fields of microbial biology and ecology, chemistry, building science, and human physiology. This report reviews what is known about the intersection of these disciplines, and how new tools may facilitate advances in understanding the ecosystem of built environments, indoor microbiomes, and effects on human health and well-being. It offers a research agenda to generate the information needed so that stakeholders with an interest in understanding the impacts of built environments will be able to make more informed decisions.

Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111867507X
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine by : Steeve Giguère

Download or read book Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine written by Steeve Giguère and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-25 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fifth Edition of Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, the most comprehensive reference available on veterinary antimicrobial drug use, has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the rapid advancements in the field of antimicrobial therapy. Encompassing all aspects of antimicrobial drug use in animals, the book provides detailed coverage of virtually all types of antimicrobials relevant to animal health. Now with a new chapter on antimicrobial therapy in zoo animals, Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine offers a wealth of invaluable information for appropriately prescribing antimicrobial therapies and shaping public policy. Divided into four sections covering general principles of antimicrobial therapy, classes of antimicrobial agents, special considerations, and antimicrobial drug use in multiple animal species, the text is enhanced by tables, diagrams, and photos. Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine is an essential resource for anyone concerned with the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, including veterinary practitioners, students, public health veterinarians, and industry and research scientists.

Microbial Threats to Health

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309185548
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Threats to Health by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Microbial Threats to Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-25 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are a global hazard that puts every nation and every person at risk. The recent SARS outbreak is a prime example. Knowing neither geographic nor political borders, often arriving silently and lethally, microbial pathogens constitute a grave threat to the health of humans. Indeed, a majority of countries recently identified the spread of infectious disease as the greatest global problem they confront. Throughout history, humans have struggled to control both the causes and consequences of infectious diseases and we will continue to do so into the foreseeable future. Following up on a high-profile 1992 report from the Institute of Medicine, Microbial Threats to Health examines the current state of knowledge and policy pertaining to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases from around the globe. It examines the spectrum of microbial threats, factors in disease emergence, and the ultimate capacity of the United States to meet the challenges posed by microbial threats to human health. From the impact of war or technology on disease emergence to the development of enhanced disease surveillance and vaccine strategies, Microbial Threats to Health contains valuable information for researchers, students, health care providers, policymakers, public health officials. and the interested public.

Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands: Inhabitants of a changing landscape

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780968932155
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands: Inhabitants of a changing landscape by : Joseph D. Shorthouse

Download or read book Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands: Inhabitants of a changing landscape written by Joseph D. Shorthouse and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309168309
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-26 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resistance topic is timely given current events. The emergence of mysterious new diseases, such as SARS, and the looming threat of bioterrorist attacks remind us of how vulnerable we can be to infectious agents. With advances in medical technologies, we have tamed many former microbial foes, yet with few new antimicrobial agents and vaccines in the pipeline, and rapidly increasing drug resistance among infectious microbes, we teeter on the brink of loosing the upperhand in our ongoing struggle against these foes, old and new. The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors examines our understanding of the relationships among microbes, disease vectors, and human hosts, and explores possible new strategies for meeting the challenge of resistance.

Bad Bug Book

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781495203619
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Bad Bug Book by : Mark Walderhaug

Download or read book Bad Bug Book written by Mark Walderhaug and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bad Bug Book 2nd Edition, released in 2012, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness.Each chapter in this book is about a pathogen—a bacterium, virus, or parasite—or a natural toxin that can contaminate food and cause illness. The book contains scientific and technical information about the major pathogens that cause these kinds of illnesses.A separate “consumer box” in each chapter provides non-technical information, in everyday language. The boxes describe plainly what can make you sick and, more important, how to prevent it.The information provided in this handbook is abbreviated and general in nature, and is intended for practical use. It is not intended to be a comprehensive scientific or clinical reference.The Bad Bug Book is published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Molecular Aspects of Plant Beneficial Microbes in Agriculture

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128184698
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Aspects of Plant Beneficial Microbes in Agriculture by : Vivek Sharma

Download or read book Molecular Aspects of Plant Beneficial Microbes in Agriculture written by Vivek Sharma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Aspects of Plant Beneficial Microbes in Agriculture explores their diverse interactions, including the pathogenic and symbiotic relationship which leads to either a decrease or increase in crop productivity. Focusing on these environmentally-friendly approaches, the book explores their potential in changing climatic conditions. It presents the exploration and regulation of beneficial microbes in offering sustainable and alternative solutions to the use of chemicals in agriculture. The beneficial microbes presented here are capable of contributing to nutrient balance, growth regulators, suppressing pathogens, orchestrating immune response and improving crop performance. The book also offers insights into the advancements in DNA technology and bioinformatic approaches which have provided in-depth knowledge about the molecular arsenal involved in mineral uptake, nitrogen fixation, growth promotion and biocontrol attributes.

Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia by : Entomological Society of British Columbia

Download or read book Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia written by Entomological Society of British Columbia and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: