Family Iridoviridae Molecular And Ecological Studies Of A Family Infecting Invertebrates And Ectothermic Vertebrates

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Family Iridoviridae Molecular and Ecological Studies of a Family Infecting Invertebrates and Ectothermic Vertebrates

Author : V. Gregory Chinchar
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039215167
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Family Iridoviridae Molecular and Ecological Studies of a Family Infecting Invertebrates and Ectothermic Vertebrates by : V. Gregory Chinchar

Download or read book Family Iridoviridae Molecular and Ecological Studies of a Family Infecting Invertebrates and Ectothermic Vertebrates written by V. Gregory Chinchar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ranaviruses and other viruses within the family Iridoviridae, infect a wide range of ecologically and commercially important ectothermic vertebrates, i.e., bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles, and invertebrates, including agricultural and medical pests and cultured shrimp and crayfish, and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of these various agents on diverse host species requires the combined efforts of ecologists, veterinarians, pathologists, comparative immunologists and molecular virologists. Unfortunately, investigators involved in these studies often work in discipline-specific silos that preclude interaction with others whose insights and approaches are required to comprehensively address problems related to ranavirus/iridovirus disease. Our intent here is to breakdown these silos and provide a forum where diverse researchers with a common interest in ranavirus/iridovirus biology can profitably interact. As a colleague once quipped, “Three people make a genius.” We are hoping to do something along those lines by presenting a collection of research articles dealing with issues of anti-viral immunity, identification of a potentially novel viral genus exemplified by erythrocytic necrosis virus, viral inhibition of innate immunity, identification of novel hosts for lymphocystivirus and invertebrate iridoviruses, and modelling studies of ranavirus transmission. Collectively these and others will exemplify the breadth of ongoing studies focused on this virus family.

Ranaviruses

Author : Matthew J. Gray
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319357775
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (577 download)

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Book Synopsis Ranaviruses by : Matthew J. Gray

Download or read book Ranaviruses written by Matthew J. Gray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on ranaviruses. Ranaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic disease in amphibians, reptiles, and fish. They have caused mass die-offs of ectothermic vertebrates in wild and captive populations around the globe. There is evidence that this pathogen is emerging and responsible for population declines in certain locations. Considering that amphibians and freshwater turtles are suitable hosts and the most imperiled vertebrate taxa in the world, ranaviruses can have significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Additionally, many fish that are raised in aquaculture facilities and traded internationally are suitable hosts; thus, the potential economic impact of ranaviruses is significant. Ranaviruses also serve as a model for replication and gene function of large double-stranded DNA viruses. There is an urgent need to assemble the contemporary information on ranaviruses and provide guidance on how to assess their threats in populations. Through the Global Ranavirus Consortium, 24 experts from six countries were organize to write this volume, the first book on ranaviruses. The book begins with a discussion on the global extent of ranaviruses, case histories of infection and disease in ectothermic vertebrates, and current phylogeny. Basic principles of ranavirus ecology and evolution are covered next, with a focus on host-pathogen interactions and how the virus emerges in its environment. There are two chapters that will discuss the molecular biology of ranaviruses, host response to infection, and the genes responsible for immune system evasion. One chapter establishes standards for testing for infection and diagnosing ranaviral disease. The book ends by providing guidance on how to design ranavirus surveillance studies and analyze data to determine risk, and discussing the role of the Global Ranavirus Consortium in organizing research and outreach activities.

Molecular Virology and Biology of Iridoviruses

Author : Gus Romero
Publisher : American Medical Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781639277322
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Virology and Biology of Iridoviruses by : Gus Romero

Download or read book Molecular Virology and Biology of Iridoviruses written by Gus Romero and published by American Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iridoviruses refer to a type of double-stranded DNA viruses with an icosahedral structure that belong to the iridoviridae family. The members of this family can infect invertebrates, protozoa, vertebrates and algae. The host range of iridoviruses differs, such as some have a broad range of hosts, while others are limited to a small number of hosts. Non-lethal and concealed infections are common in various hosts. Horizontal transmission of iridoviruses generally occurs through predation or cannibalism of infected invertebrate hosts. They produce iridescence in the infected tissues and reproduce in the cytoplasm. Iridoviruses infect a variety of animals including reptiles, molluscs, fish, insects, amphibians and crustaceans. These viruses have a distinctive trait which is terminally redundant and circularly permuted organization of the genome. This book aims to shed light on iridoviruses. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about the molecular virology and biology of these viruses. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 2

Author : Christon J. Hurst
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470624299
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 2 by : Christon J. Hurst

Download or read book Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 2 written by Christon J. Hurst and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the ecology of viruses by examining their interactive dynamics with their hosting species (in this volume, in animals), including the types of transmission cycles that viruses have evolved encompassing principal and alternate hosts, vehicles and vectoring species. Examining virology from an organismal biology approach and focusing on the concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecologies of the involved species, Viral Ecology is essential for students and professionals who either may be non-virologists or virologists whose previous familiarity has been very specialized.

Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 1

Author : Christon J. Hurst
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118025652
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 1 by : Christon J. Hurst

Download or read book Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 1 written by Christon J. Hurst and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-20 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the ecology of viruses by examining their interactive dynamics with their hosting species (in this volume, in microbes and plants), including the types of transmission cycles that viruses have evolved encompassing principal and alternate hosts, vehicles, and vectoring species. Examining virology from an organismal biology approach and focusing on the concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecologies of the involved species, Viral Ecology is essential for students and professionals who either may be non-virologists or virologists whose previous familiarity has been very specialized.

Ranaviruses

Author : Matthew J. Gray
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319137557
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Ranaviruses by : Matthew J. Gray

Download or read book Ranaviruses written by Matthew J. Gray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on ranaviruses. Ranaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic disease in amphibians, reptiles, and fish. They have caused mass die-offs of ectothermic vertebrates in wild and captive populations around the globe. There is evidence that this pathogen is emerging and responsible for population declines in certain locations. Considering that amphibians and freshwater turtles are suitable hosts and the most imperiled vertebrate taxa in the world, ranaviruses can have significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Additionally, many fish that are raised in aquaculture facilities and traded internationally are suitable hosts; thus, the potential economic impact of ranaviruses is significant. Ranaviruses also serve as a model for replication and gene function of large double-stranded DNA viruses. There is an urgent need to assemble the contemporary information on ranaviruses and provide guidance on how to assess their threats in populations. Through the Global Ranavirus Consortium, 24 experts from six countries were organize to write this volume, the first book on ranaviruses. The book begins with a discussion on the global extent of ranaviruses, case histories of infection and disease in ectothermic vertebrates, and current phylogeny. Basic principles of ranavirus ecology and evolution are covered next, with a focus on host-pathogen interactions and how the virus emerges in its environment. There are two chapters that will discuss the molecular biology of ranaviruses, host response to infection, and the genes responsible for immune system evasion. One chapter establishes standards for testing for infection and diagnosing ranaviral disease. The book ends by providing guidance on how to design ranavirus surveillance studies and analyze data to determine risk, and discussing the role of the Global Ranavirus Consortium in organizing research and outreach activities.

Manual of Exotic Pet Practice

Author : Mark Mitchell
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1416001190
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Manual of Exotic Pet Practice by : Mark Mitchell

Download or read book Manual of Exotic Pet Practice written by Mark Mitchell and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-03-04 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book of its kind with in-depth coverage of the most common exotic species presented in practice, this comprehensive guide prepares you to treat invertebrates, fish, amphibians and reptiles, birds, marsupials, North American wildlife, and small mammals such as ferrets, rabbits, and rodents. Organized by species, each chapter features vivid color images that demonstrate the unique anatomic, medical, and surgical features of each species. This essential reference also provides a comprehensive overview of biology, husbandry, preventive medicine, common disease presentations, zoonoses, and much more. Other key topics include common health and nutritional issues as well as restraint techniques, lab values, drug dosages, and special equipment needed to treat exotics. Brings cutting-edge information on all exotic species together in one convenient resource. Offers essential strategies for preparing your staff to properly handle and treat exotic patients. Features an entire chapter on equipping your practice to accommodate exotic species, including the necessary equipment for housing, diagnostics, pathology, surgery, and therapeutics. Provides life-saving information on CPR, drugs, and supportive care for exotic animals in distress. Discusses wildlife rehabilitation, with valuable information on laws and regulations, establishing licensure, orphan care, and emergency care. Includes an entire chapter devoted to the emergency management of North American wildlife. Offers expert guidance on treating exotics for practitioners who may not be experienced in exotic pet care.

Zoonotic Viruses of Northern Eurasia

Author : Dimitry Konstantinovich Lvov
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128018445
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Zoonotic Viruses of Northern Eurasia by : Dimitry Konstantinovich Lvov

Download or read book Zoonotic Viruses of Northern Eurasia written by Dimitry Konstantinovich Lvov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-25 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic Viruses of Northern Eurasia: Taxonomy and Ecology provides a review of modern data of the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of zoonotic viruses in the ecosystems of Northern Eurasia. With climate changes, increasing population density of arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts, development of unused lands, transferences of viruses by birds, bats, infected humans, and animals, vectors allow virus populations to adapt to the new environment. This leads to the appearance of emerging or re-emerging infections. This book presents data about circulation and evolution of influenza viruses, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, hantaviruses, Sindbis virus, California encephalitis group viruses and other pathogenic viruses as well as of novel viruses classified for the first time using next-generation sequence. Features summarized data about the circulation of approximately 80 viruses isolated in natural foci of Northern Eurasia Provides descriptions of the main ecosystems of Northern Eurasia in the context of the ecology of viruses with environmental factors Delineates the potential impact of climate change for the distribution of viruses Includes virus taxonomy, ecology, distribution and pathogenicity for humans and animals

Aquaculture Virology

Author : Frederick S. B. Kibenge
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128017546
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Aquaculture Virology by : Frederick S. B. Kibenge

Download or read book Aquaculture Virology written by Frederick S. B. Kibenge and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date textbooks on viruses infecting fish, crustaceans and molluscs, the three main aquatic animal farmed groups, have been on the whole “diseases-centric and individual viral diseases selected based on “epizoo-centric approaches with little to no coverage of the basic biology of the viruses, in contrast to textbooks on viruses infecting terrestrial - farmed, pet, and free-range (wild) - animals and humans. Despite considerable advances in animal virology in recent years coupled with an economically important global aquaculture industry, knowledge of viruses of animal aquaculture is still sparse and in some cases outdated although these viruses are closely related to well-known virus families. The last book in fish virology (Fish viruses and fish viral diseases 1988, Wolf, K.) was published in the 1980s. A lot of work has been done on fish viruses and many new aquatic animal viruses continue to be discovered. Aquaculture Virology provides the current state of knowledge of aquatic animal viruses within the current virus classification and taxonomic context thereby allowing the reader to draw on the principles of general virology. This book is a systematic and concise resource useful to anyone involved with or looking to move into aquaculture and fisheries. Clinical veterinarians, aquaculture disease practitioners, biologists, farmers, and all those in industry, government or academia who are interested in aquatic animal virology will find this book extremely useful. Provides unique comprehensive information on animal viruses for aquaculture and fisheries Presents high quality illustrations of viral structure, diagrams of viral disease processes, gross pathology and histopathology lesions, and summary tables to aid in understanding Describes aquatic animal viruses of the three major aquatic animals, fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, within the current virus classification and taxonomic context thereby allowing the reader to draw on the principles of general virology

Encyclopedia of Environmental Health

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444639527
Total Pages : 4896 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Environmental Health by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Environmental Health written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 4896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Second Edition, Six Volume Set presents the newest release in this fundamental reference that updates and broadens the umbrella of environmental health, especially social and environmental health for its readers. There is ongoing revolution in governance, policies and intervention strategies aimed at evolving changes in health disparities, disease burden, trans-boundary transport and health hazards. This new edition reflects these realities, mapping new directions in the field that include how to minimize threats and develop new scientific paradigms that address emerging local, national and global environmental concerns. Represents a one-stop resource for scientifically reliable information on environmental health Fills a critical gap, with information on one of the most rapidly growing scientific fields of our time Provides comparative approaches to environmental health practice and research in different countries and regions of the world Covers issues behind specific questions and describes the best available scientific methods for environmental risk assessment

Viruses of Lower Vertebrates

Author : Winfried Ahne
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642837271
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Viruses of Lower Vertebrates by : Winfried Ahne

Download or read book Viruses of Lower Vertebrates written by Winfried Ahne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention to viral infections and pathology previously focussed on diseases of economically important fish. In recent years, however, much new information on molecular virology and oncogenicity derives from viruses occurring in amphibians. New insights into the field of zoonosis were gained by studies of lower vertebrates serving as intermediate hosts in multiple human infections. Certain viruses, e.g. the influenza virus or calicivirus, seem capable of bridging species lines and even the land - sea interface. Global developments in aquaculture are indicated in influenza pandemics. These proceedings present research findings on viruses of fish, amphibians and reptiles, including defence mechanisms, zoonoses, evolutionary considerations and diagnostic approaches.

Host Defense Peptides and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents

Author : Richard M. Epand
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319329499
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Host Defense Peptides and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents by : Richard M. Epand

Download or read book Host Defense Peptides and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents written by Richard M. Epand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an overview of our current understanding of host defense peptides and their potential for clinical applications as well as some of the obstacles to this. The chapters, written by leading experts in the field, detail the number and diversity of host defense peptides, and discuss the therapeutic potential not only of antibacterial, but also of antifungal, antiviral, plant antimicrobial and anticancer host defense peptides. The authors provide new insights into their mechanisms of action and their immunomodulatory properties, and review recent advances in the design of novel therapeutic molecules. Lastly, their potential to prevent preterm births and Staphylococcus aureus infections is highlighted. The book is of interest to researchers, industry and clinicians alike.

Reproductive Biotechnology in Finfish Aquaculture

Author : C.-S. Lee
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080929869
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproductive Biotechnology in Finfish Aquaculture by : C.-S. Lee

Download or read book Reproductive Biotechnology in Finfish Aquaculture written by C.-S. Lee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful reproduction of cultured brood stock is essential to the sustainable aquaculture of aquatic organisms. This book describes recent advances in the field of finfish reproductive biotechnology. The chapters in this volume are written by eminent scientists who review the progress and assess the status of biotechnology research that is applicable to the reproduction of finfish species for aquaculture. A wide range of topics is included starting with broodstock technologies such as broodstock genetics, broodstock nutrition, environmental control of maturation and impacts of stress on broodstock, gametes and progeny. The volume includes technologies for induction of ovulation and spermiation using synthetic hypothalamic peptides. Gamete technologies which are described include cryopreservation, chromosome set manipulation, disease prevention and control for gametes and embryos and the development of transgenic fish with enhanced production characteristics. Genetic and endocrine technologies for the production of monosex male and female fish stocks are also described. The closing chapter summarizes the discussion of each topic at the workshop, provides recommendations to industry and describes priorities of research and development. Researchers as well as teaching faculty in the aquaculture field will find this volume of great value.

Environmental Virology and Virus Ecology

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128144165
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Virology and Virus Ecology by :

Download or read book Environmental Virology and Virus Ecology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Virology, Volume 101, the latest in the Advances in Virus Research series, contains new, informative updates on the topic. First published in 1953, this series covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews, providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. Updates to this release include sections on the host landscape and vector behavior, key determinants of plant virus evolution and emergence, plant virome analysis using spatial metagenomics, host range evolution in generalist viruses, the influence of environment, water-mediated spread and transmission of viruses, viruses transmitted by means other than insect vectors, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field of virology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Features a diverse range of virology topics, including discussions of host landscape and vector behavior and viruses transmitted by means other than insect vectors

Lesser Known Large dsDNA Viruses

Author : James L. van Etten
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540686185
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Lesser Known Large dsDNA Viruses by : James L. van Etten

Download or read book Lesser Known Large dsDNA Viruses written by James L. van Etten and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several large dsDNA-containing viruses such as poxviruses (smallpox) and herpes viruses are well known among the scientific community, as well as the general populace, because they cause human diseases. The large dsDNA insect-infecting baculoviruses are also well known in the scientific community because they are used both as biological control agents and as protein expression systems. However, there are other large dsDNA-containing viruses, including the giant 1.2 Mb mimivirus, which are less well known despite the fact that all of them play important roles in every day life. Seven of these virus families are reviewed in this book.

Fenner and White's Medical Virology

Author : Christopher J. Burrell
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123751578
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Fenner and White's Medical Virology by : Christopher J. Burrell

Download or read book Fenner and White's Medical Virology written by Christopher J. Burrell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fenner and White's Medical Virology, Fifth Edition provides an integrated view of related sciences, from cell biology, to medical epidemiology and human social behavior. The perspective represented by this book, that of medical virology as an infectious disease science, is meant to provide a starting point, an anchor, for those who must relate the subject to clinical practice, public health practice, scholarly research, and other endeavors. The book presents detailed exposition on the properties of viruses, how viruses replicate, and how viruses cause disease. These chapters are then followed by an overview of the principles of diagnosis, epidemiology, and how virus infections can be controlled. The first section concludes with a discussion on emergence and attempts to predict the next major public health challenges. These form a guide for delving into the specific diseases of interest to the reader as described in Part II. This lucid and concise, yet comprehensive, text is admirably suited to the needs of not only advanced students of science and medicine, but also postgraduate students, teachers, and research workers in all areas of virology. Features updated and expanded coverage of pathogenesis and immunity Contains the latest laboratory diagnostic methods Provides insights into clinical features of human viral disease, vaccines, chemotherapy, epidemiology, and control

Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals

Author : Karen A. Terio
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012809219X
Total Pages : 1424 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals by : Karen A. Terio

Download or read book Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals written by Karen A. Terio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals is a comprehensive resource that covers the pathology of wildlife and zoo species, including a wide scope of animals, disease types and geographic regions. It is the definitive book for students, biologists, scientists, physicians, veterinary clinicians and pathologists working with non-domestic species in a variety of settings. General chapters include information on performing necropsies, proper techniques to meet the specialized needs of forensic cases, laboratory diagnostics, and an introduction into basic principles of comparative clinical pathology. The taxon-based chapters provide information about disease in related groups of animals and include descriptions of gross and histologic lesions, pathogenesis and diagnostics. For each group of animals, notable, unique gross and microscopic anatomical features are provided to further assist the reader in deciding whether differences from the domestic animal paradigm are "normal." Additional online content, which includes text, images, and whole scanned glass slides of selected conditions, expands the published material resulting in a comprehensive approach to the topic. 2019 PROSE Awards - Winner: Category: Textbook/Biological and Life Sciences: Association of American Publishers Presents a single resource for performing necropsies on a variety of taxa, including terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates Describes notable, unique gross and microscopic anatomical variations among species/taxa to assist in understanding normal features, in particular those that can be mistaken as being abnormal Provides consistent organization of chapters with descriptions of unique anatomic features, common non-infectious and infectious diseases following brief overviews of the taxonomic group Contains full-color, high quality illustrations of diseases Links to a large online library of scanned slides related to topics in the book that illustrate important histologic findings