Factors Affecting Non Performing Loan In The Case Of The Development Bank Of Ethiopia

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Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loan in the Case of the Development Bank of Ethiopia

Author : Mequanint Zeleke
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346123812
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loan in the Case of the Development Bank of Ethiopia by : Mequanint Zeleke

Download or read book Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loan in the Case of the Development Bank of Ethiopia written by Mequanint Zeleke and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , language: English, abstract: This study is attempted to examine factors affecting non -performing loan of development bank of Ethiopia. The main objective is to examine the factors affecting nonperforming loans in DBE central region. After problem identification, research hypothesis was developed which inquires the relationship and effect of non-performing loans on development bank of Ethiopia. Both secondary and primary data were used in the research. The data is then analyzed using descriptive, correlation and regression techniques through SPSS and Stata software program. The findings of the study revealed that gross domestic product has a positive impact on the occurrence of non-performing loans while other model variables unemployment, inflation rate and exchange rate have no impact on the occurrence of non-performing loan in which negatively affect non-performing loan. according to my study result. Also the result of the primary data indicated that in regarding about customer's specific causes, the result showed that credit culture of customers, lack of business knowledge, delayed approval, profit of the business, business location were determinants of non-performing loan while bank specific factors include poor credit assessment, poor customer selection, aggressive lending policy, borrowers culture, credit size affected non-performing loan.

Assessing Non-Performing Loans in the Development Bank of Ethiopia, Bahir Dar District. An Analysis of Determinants Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches

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Author :
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346985059
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (469 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing Non-Performing Loans in the Development Bank of Ethiopia, Bahir Dar District. An Analysis of Determinants Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches by :

Download or read book Assessing Non-Performing Loans in the Development Bank of Ethiopia, Bahir Dar District. An Analysis of Determinants Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , language: English, abstract: The main objective of this study was to examine the determinants of non-performing loans in the case of the Development Bank of Ethiopia, Bahir Dar District. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were employed. The study uses both a quantitative and qualitative research approach. The study also uses both primary and secondary data sources. The primary source was collected from all 125 employees using questionnaires and interviews conducted with concerned managerial staffs of the district. The secondary source was gathered from DBE manuals, policy and procedure of the bank, NBE directives, bank's T-24 system, loan positions and provisions documents. The data was analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 22.0 and qualitative analysis like interview and document analysis. The correlation between independent variables (bank specific and External factor) and dependent variables (nonperforming loan) were tested by using person correlation and the casual relation was analyzed by using linear multiple regression analysis. The finding of the study indicate that credit assessment, project monitoring, credit appraisal, bank top management, political and social instability, availability of infrastructure, collateral strength and market factor are significant factors for occurrence of non-performing loans. However, credit term and condition and lending interest rate are insignificant factor for the occurrence of non-performing loans. Finally, the study recommends the district should perform proper selection of customers and make appropriate due diligence based on KYC assessments, proper monitoring and follow up as per the schedule, make accurate credit appraisal, granting loans via strong collateral coverage, sound decision made by top management based on policy and procedure of the bank, improve capacity of credit performer by providing relevant training.

Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia

Author : Sirak Aynalem
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia by : Sirak Aynalem

Download or read book Factors Affecting Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia written by Sirak Aynalem and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the factors affecting Non-Performing Loans of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia during the period from 2002 to 2015. The variables were chosen based on findings from the previous literatures. A mixed research approach and explanatory design were adopted in carrying out this research. Secondary time series data were collected from audited annual reports and performance reports of the bank; and the required ratios were calculated. In addition, 12 credit experts from the concerned departments and functional units responsible for lending matters in the bank were interviewed. Multiple linear regression equation was used to estimate the model using SPSS version 20 software. The results obtained from regression output indicated that among the studied variables, loan to deposit ratio; financial performance measured in terms of return on equity; and capital adequacy were found to be statistically significant determinant of NPLs. On the other hand, loan growth, cost efficiency and bank size were statistically insignificant in affecting NPL. The findings from the interview result indicates that, variables such as poor credit risk assessment, focusing on collateral based lending, poor loan monitoring and follow-up, poor banker's skill in dealing with lending matters, undiversified loan products, short loan life and lack of credit advisory practices were also the bank specific factors that affect NPLs of CBE. The study suggests that focusing on these NPL indicators could further reduce the probability of default while extending credit in the future. Further studies were recommended by including macroeconomic and other bank specific variables; and by increasing the sampled periods.

Credit Risk Management in the Development Bank of Ethiopia. Effects on the Quality of Loan Portfolio

Author : Kebede Adane
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346298728
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis Credit Risk Management in the Development Bank of Ethiopia. Effects on the Quality of Loan Portfolio by : Kebede Adane

Download or read book Credit Risk Management in the Development Bank of Ethiopia. Effects on the Quality of Loan Portfolio written by Kebede Adane and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , course: Business Adminstration, language: English, abstract: The main objective of the thesis is to assess the effect of credit risk management on the quality of loans portfolio in the case of Development Bank of Ethiopia. A sample of 84 respondents was drawn from the employees of the Development Bank of Ethiopia by using purposive sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data were used. Data related to loan portfolio and loan position is obtained from the bank whereas, primary data are collected using structured questioners from the employees of the bank. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to conduct the research and Multiple Regression Analysis was run using SPSS Version 21.0 to analyze the data. With regard to credit risk management practices, the result show that DBE has not satisfactory risk Management practice. Precisely, using score 1 (poor) to 5 (best), all the parameters of risk management practice assessment have a score value below 3.40, i.e. Credit Risk Granting and Portfolio Quality Control (3.40), Credit Risk System and Standard (3.20), Credit Risk and Portfolio Quality Control (3.17), Risk Identification, Measurement and Control (3.03), and Risk Environment (2.98). The Bank`s loan portfolio is also more vulnerable to various types of risks, such as to unpredictable risk, predictable, and controllable risks. The bank’s NPL ratio was above 15% for the last five years. The regression result also showed that sound credit granting process and the existence of comprehensive risk management system and standards are the significant variables that affect loan portfolio quality of the Bank. Credit risk management practice of the bank has insignificant effect on loan portfolio quality. Both in terms of Non-performing loan and concentration, DBE has poor loan portfolio quality which is due to the bank’s poor credit risk management practice. Therefore, there is a need to improve and enhance credit risk management practice of the Bank, especially, by improving the credit granting process to have sound credit risk management, and by updating credit risk management system and standards so as to have strong credit management.

Resolving Nonperforming Loans in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Crisis

Author : Luc Eyraud
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513576518
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Resolving Nonperforming Loans in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Crisis by : Luc Eyraud

Download or read book Resolving Nonperforming Loans in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Crisis written by Luc Eyraud and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-Saharan African countries are facing an unprecedented health and economic crisis that is likely to severely hurt credit quality and raise non-performing loans from already high levels. Banks have a critical role to play not only during the crisis by providing temporarily relief to businesses and households, but also during the recovery by supporting economic activity and facilitating the structural transformations engaged by the pandemic.

How to Assess the Benefits of Nonperforming Loan Disposal in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a Simple Analytical Framework

Author : Irina Bunda
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513583093
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Assess the Benefits of Nonperforming Loan Disposal in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a Simple Analytical Framework by : Irina Bunda

Download or read book How to Assess the Benefits of Nonperforming Loan Disposal in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a Simple Analytical Framework written by Irina Bunda and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, which has hit financial systems across Africa, is likely to deteriorate banks’ balance sheets. The largest threat to banks pertains to their loan portfolios, since many borrowers have faced a sharp collapse in their income, and therefore have difficulty repaying their obligations as they come due. This could lead to a sharp increase in nonperforming loans (NPLs) in the short to medium term.

Evolving Banking Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author : Mr.Mauro Mecagni
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513501755
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolving Banking Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Mr.Mauro Mecagni

Download or read book Evolving Banking Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Mr.Mauro Mecagni and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banking in SSA has undergone very significant changes over the last two decades. Financial liberalization and related reforms, upgrades in institutional and more recently the expansion of cross-border banking activities and the rapid development of Pan-African banking groups are signaling greater financial integration and significant changes in the African banking and financial landscape. Nonetheless, excess liquidity in many countries reflects limited lending opportunities and, despite improvements, asset quality and provisioning remain comparatively low. Dollarization has also been a persistent characteristic in several natural resource-dependent economies. This paper discusses key stylized facts and trends of banking development in SSA, looking at a variety of dimensions such as size, depth, soundness, and efficiency. It also assess the rapid expansion of pan-African banking groups, which have overtaken the role of the European and U.S. banks that had traditionally dominated banking activities in SSA, creating significant cross-border networks and becoming the largest participants in new syndicates and large bilateral loans to finance infrastructure development.

Nonperforming Loans in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author : Hippolyte Fofack
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0051110172
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonperforming Loans in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Hippolyte Fofack

Download or read book Nonperforming Loans in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Hippolyte Fofack and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper investigates the leading causes of nonperforming loans during the economic and banking crises that affected a large number of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s. Empirical analysis shows a dramatic increase in these loans and extremely high credit risk, with significant differences between the CFA and non-CFA countries, and substantially higher financial costs for the latter sub-panel of countries. The results also highlight a strong causality between these loans and economic growth, real exchange rate appreciation, the real interest rate, net interest margins, and interbank loans consistent with the causality and econometric analysis, which reveal the significance of macroeconomic and microeconomic factors. The dramatic increase in these loans is largely driven by macroeconomic volatility and reflects the vulnerability of undiversified African economies, which remain heavily exposed to external shocks. Simulated results show that macroeconomic stability and economic growth are associated with a declining level of nonperforming loans; whereas adverse macroeconomic shocks coupled with higher cost of capital and lower interest margins are associated with a rising scope of nonperforming loans. These results are supported by long-term estimates of nonperforming loans derived from pseudo panel-based prediction models. "--World Bank web site.

Non-Performing Loans in the ECCU

Author : Ms.Kimberly Beaton
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475555733
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-Performing Loans in the ECCU by : Ms.Kimberly Beaton

Download or read book Non-Performing Loans in the ECCU written by Ms.Kimberly Beaton and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-11-17 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the determinants of NPLs in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) and whether a deterioration in asset quality may result in negative feedback effects from the banking system to economic activity. The results suggest that the deterioration in asset quality can be attributed to both macroeconomic and bank-specific factors. Banks with stronger profitability and lower exposure to the construction sector and household loans tend to have lower NPLs. Further, some evidence indicates that foreign owned banks systematically have lower NPLs than domestic banks, pointing to the presence of important differences across bank practices with an impact on asset quality. Finally, the results emphasize the strength of macrofinancial feedback loops in the ECCU.

Factors Influencing Adoption of Interest Free Banking Products and Services in Ethiopia

Author : Beyan Kedir
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346385760
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (463 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Influencing Adoption of Interest Free Banking Products and Services in Ethiopia by : Beyan Kedir

Download or read book Factors Influencing Adoption of Interest Free Banking Products and Services in Ethiopia written by Beyan Kedir and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , language: English, abstract: The main objective of this study is to identify the major factors influencing the adoption of Interest free banking products and services among customers in Bale Robe town. The research employs decomposed theory of planned behavior to investigate the influence of customer’s behavior towards adoption of interest-free banking product and services by using customers attitude attribute social influence and perceived behavioral control. Both qualitative and quantitative research approach were applied in the study. The target populations were 13050 customers of four banks in Robe town and the total sample size were 388. A purposive sampling technique was applied. Primary and secondary data were used with five point liker scales to collect data from respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics analysis were employed to analyze the data. Interest free banking is inseparable of Islamic economics which aimed at realization of a greater justice in human endeavor, which is achievable only with participation of all human institution inclusive of financial system. On the principle that prohibits interest and other unethical and non shariah compliant activities, Islamic banking set to achieve this gigantic objective. In addition, it strive on increasing all Halal aspect of business through provision of products and services base on shariah principle with implementation of legitimate profit and loss sharing, paying Zakah, prohibition of interest, monopoly and other forms of unethical trade and transaction such as dealing with pork, alcohol and gambling. Hence, Islamic banking method of financing and or products structure is based on the tract to redress the inherent injustice tied with interest based dealing.

Global Waves of Debt

Author : M. Ayhan Kose
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815453
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Waves of Debt by : M. Ayhan Kose

Download or read book Global Waves of Debt written by M. Ayhan Kose and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.

The Nordic Banking Crisis

Author : Mr.Burkhard Drees
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 9781557757005
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nordic Banking Crisis by : Mr.Burkhard Drees

Download or read book The Nordic Banking Crisis written by Mr.Burkhard Drees and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-04-20 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the banking crises in Finland, Norway and Sweden, which took place in the early 1990s, and draws some policy conclusions from their experiences. One key conclusion is that factors in addition to business cycle effects explain the Nordic countries financial problems. Although the timing of the deregulation in all three countries coincided with a strongly expansionary macroeconomic momentum, the main reasons for the banking crises were the delayed policy responses, the structural characteristics of the financial systems, and the banks inadequate internal risk-management controls.

Problem Loans in the Caribbean: Determinants, Impact and Strategies for Resolution

Author : Ms.Kimberly Beaton
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484327020
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Problem Loans in the Caribbean: Determinants, Impact and Strategies for Resolution by : Ms.Kimberly Beaton

Download or read book Problem Loans in the Caribbean: Determinants, Impact and Strategies for Resolution written by Ms.Kimberly Beaton and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high level of nonperforming loans (NPLs) in the Caribbean has been, in large part, a legacy of the global financial crisis, but their persistence owes much to the weak economic recovery in the region, as well as to structural obstacles to their resolution. A comprehensive strategy is needed to address these impediments to sever the adverse feedback loops between weak economic activity and weak asset quality. This paper finds that NPLs are a drag on Caribbean growth and macro-financial links are strong: a deterioration in asset quality hinders bank lending and dampens economic activity, undermining, in turn, efforts to resolve problem loans. A multifaceted approach is needed, involving a combination of macro- economic policies to support growth and employment; strong supervisory frameworks to ensure macro-financial stability and create incentives for resolution; efforts to address informational gaps and deficiencies in insolvency and debt-enforcement frameworks; and development of markets for distressed loans. The institutional capacity constraints require coordination of reforms within the region and support from international organizations through capacity-building.

Determinants of Successful Loan Repayment Performance in Project Financing

Author : Ayal Kebede
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346317773
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (463 download)

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Book Synopsis Determinants of Successful Loan Repayment Performance in Project Financing by : Ayal Kebede

Download or read book Determinants of Successful Loan Repayment Performance in Project Financing written by Ayal Kebede and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, , language: English, abstract: This study assesses the determinants of successful loan repayment performance of project financing in the case of Development Bank of Ethiopia. The study uses explanatory design and quantitative research approach. Secondary data was used. The collected data were taken from individual borrowers’ files. Hence, the total sample size was seventy-five (75), of which 40 (53%) were successful financed projects (non-defaulters), whereas the rest 35 (47%) were non-successful ones (defaulters). The data was analysed via correlation followed by logistic regression model using SPSS version 20. The independent variables used in the study are accessibility of market, amount of loan, availability of raw material, distance from project location to raw material destination, distance from project location to output product market, educational level, equity debt ratio, loan processing time, managerial experience of project manager, number of project follow-up, project implementation period, type of management and type of market for the commodity financed. In the study, a logistic regression model was used to identify variables which determine successful loan repayment performance. The paper reveals that the managerial experience of project managers, loan processing time, educational level, number of project supervisions/ follow-ups by the bank, delay in project implementation period and type of management for the financed projects were statistically significant determinant of loan repayment performance of DBE’s financed projects. This study suggests that Development Bank of Ethiopia better intensify its project monitoring and follow-up work in order to make well-informed decisions and provide technical assistance for its credit-assisted projects; give due attention to minimize the bureaucracy that delays the loan processing time; critically analyse the project implementation period at the time of appraising projects and enhance its project implementation capacity; identify and redress the root causes of project delays; and improve its efficacy of customer recruitment system by giving special considerations to educational level of borrowers, managerial experience of project managers and type of management, among others.

Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance

Author : El Bachir Boukherouaa
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1589063953
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance by : El Bachir Boukherouaa

Download or read book Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance written by El Bachir Boukherouaa and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight.

The Korean Financial Crisis of 1997—A Strategy of Financial Sector Reform

Author : Mr.Angel J. Ubide
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451844646
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis The Korean Financial Crisis of 1997—A Strategy of Financial Sector Reform by : Mr.Angel J. Ubide

Download or read book The Korean Financial Crisis of 1997—A Strategy of Financial Sector Reform written by Mr.Angel J. Ubide and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After years of strong performance, Korea’s economy entered a crisis in 1997, owing largely to structural problems in its financial and corporate sectors. These problems emerged in the second half of that year, when the capital inflows that had helped finance Korea’s growth were reversed, as foreign investors—reeling from losses in other Southeast Asian economies—decided to reduce their exposure to Korea. This paper focuses on the sources of the crisis that originated in the financial sector, the measures taken to deal with it, and the evolution of key banking and financial variables in its aftermath.

Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications

Author : Mr.Stijn Claessens
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475561008
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications by : Mr.Stijn Claessens

Download or read book Financial Crises Explanations, Types, and Implications written by Mr.Stijn Claessens and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the literature on financial crises focusing on three specific aspects. First, what are the main factors explaining financial crises? Since many theories on the sources of financial crises highlight the importance of sharp fluctuations in asset and credit markets, the paper briefly reviews theoretical and empirical studies on developments in these markets around financial crises. Second, what are the major types of financial crises? The paper focuses on the main theoretical and empirical explanations of four types of financial crises—currency crises, sudden stops, debt crises, and banking crises—and presents a survey of the literature that attempts to identify these episodes. Third, what are the real and financial sector implications of crises? The paper briefly reviews the short- and medium-run implications of crises for the real economy and financial sector. It concludes with a summary of the main lessons from the literature and future research directions.