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Factors Affecting Growth Performance Carcass Characteristics Fatty Acid Profile Variation And Iodine Value Prediction Of Growing Finishing Pigs
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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile Variation, and Iodine Value Prediction of Growing-Finishing Pigs by : Travis Clay Tennant
Download or read book Factors Affecting Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile Variation, and Iodine Value Prediction of Growing-Finishing Pigs written by Travis Clay Tennant and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Associated with Variation in the Fatty Acid Composition and Iodine Value of Carcass Fat in Pigs Fed Increasing Levels of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles by :
Download or read book Factors Associated with Variation in the Fatty Acid Composition and Iodine Value of Carcass Fat in Pigs Fed Increasing Levels of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Dietary Fiber on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Carcass Fat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs by : Matthew Duane Asmus
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Fiber on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Carcass Fat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs written by Matthew Duane Asmus and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments used 777 pigs to study the effects of fiber source; wheat middlings (midds), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and choice white grease (CWG), and reduction strategies for growing and finishing pigs. Also a fourth study utilizing 1,360 pigs was conducted to determine the effect of immunocastration (IC) and DDGS withdrawal on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid analysis, and iodine value (IV) of pork fat depots in growing and finishing pigs. Experiment 1 determined that the ingredient source of fiber (wheat middlings or DDGS) was more important than NDF level alone, for characterization of growth, carcass, and yield responses. Experiment 2 showed that a short (23 d) fiber reduction strategy was successful at fully recovering yield loss; however, a longer reduction (47 d) was necessary for further improvements in carcass fat quality (IV). Experiment 3 further proved that yield loss can be recovered with a short fiber reduction strategy (19 d), and that adding energy from CWG during the fiber reduction period can improve feed efficiency, but was unsuccessful at further improving carcass yield or carcass fat quality. Experiment 4 showed that carcass yield was lower for IC pigs than barrows regardless of dietary DDGS or withdrawal strategy. Also pigs fed 30% DDGS throughout had decreased carcass yield; however, withdrawing DDGS from the diet on d 74 was effective at recovering the yield loss. While DDGS withdrawal strategy was successful at lowering IV, but was unsuccessful at fully lowering IV to values of pigs fed the control diet throughout. Iodine values were somewhat variable within fat depot, showing the jowl and clear plate fat were less accurate in showing changes from the diet, most likely due to the fact they are deposited earlier and are slower to turnover. Iodine value tended to be greater for IC pigs than barrows on d 107, but by d 125 there were no differences in IV between IC and barrows. This dramatic improvement from d 107 to 125 could be caused by the dilution of unsaturated fatty acids, specifically C18:2 and C18:3, due to the rapid deposition of fat in IC pigs.
Book Synopsis Predicting Market Pig Weights and Fat Iodine Value and Effect of Zinc on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Finishing Pigs by : Chad Bennett Paulk
Download or read book Predicting Market Pig Weights and Fat Iodine Value and Effect of Zinc on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Finishing Pigs written by Chad Bennett Paulk and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optimum sampling method swine producers should use to estimate the mean and SD of pig BW within a barn was determined based upon both the time required to conduct and the precision and accuracy of each sampling method. Weighing 5 pigs from 15 pens was determined to be the optimal sampling method. This should require approximately 55 min to complete. Weighing 5 pigs from 15 pens had a CI range of 7.2 to 8.0 kg for estimating the mean BW and 5.6 kg for estimating SD. Next, a meta-analysis was conducted using data from existing literature to generate equations to predict finishing pig back, belly, and jowl fat iodine value. While numerous factors were evaluated, dietary essential fatty acids, dietary net energy content, and backfat thickness had the greatest influence on predicting iodine value of the 3 distinct fat depots. Lastly, 6 experiments were conducted to determine the effects of added Zn on growth performance, pork quality, plasma Zn, and ileal mucosal inflammation mRNA expression of finishing pigs fed diets containing ractopamine-HCl (RAC; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN). Additional Zn increased plasma Zn and reduced relative expression of IL-1[beta], but did not improve growth performance of pigs fed diets containing RAC in 5 of the experiments. However, in 1 of the experiments, adding Zn to diets containing RAC resulted in a trend for improved growth performance of pigs. Supplementing the RAC diets with dietary Zn decreased the percentage of type IIA fibers and tended to increase the percentage of type IIX fibers compared to pigs fed the RAC diet without added Zn. Ractopamine-HCl produced chops that were lighter and less red, but possessed reduced metmyoglobin reducing ability at the end of the display period. However, adding Zn to RAC diets increased metmyoglobin reducing ability levels at the end of the display period.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Dietary Fat Source and Feeding Duration on Pig Growth Performance and Fat Quality by : Ethan Wade Stephenson
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Fat Source and Feeding Duration on Pig Growth Performance and Fat Quality written by Ethan Wade Stephenson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 3 experiments, 4,720 pigs were used to determine the effects of: 1) dietary fat and feeding duration on growth performance and fat quality in finishing pigs; or 2) a novel protease or 3) increasing levels of Zn amino acid complex (ZnAA) or ZnO on finishing pig performance. Experiment 1 tested the effects of feeding tallow, soybean oil, or a blend of the two for various feeding durations (d 0 to 42, 42 to 84, or 0 to 84). Overall, pigs fed added fat for the entire 84 d had improved G:F compared to those fed a control diet. Additionally, pigs fed additional fat for the entire study had improved ADG and G:F as well as increased d 84 BW compared to pigs fed additional fat for 42 d. Increasing the feeding duration of soybean oil lowered monounsaturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations while these values remained relatively unchanged by the addition of tallow. There were feeding period by fat source interactions for fatty acid composition and iodine value for belly and backfat, but not jowl fat, indicating a longer turnover rate for jowl fat compared to belly or backfat. In Exp. 2, adding a protease to a nutrient deficient diet increased ADFI and tended to increase ADG compared to pigs fed a negative control diet. There were no differences observed in ADG, ADFI, or G:F between pigs fed a positive control diet, formulated to 90% of the pigs SID lysine requirement, and those fed a negative control diet plus the protease, which would suggest the release values attributed to the enzyme were accurate. In Exp. 3, supplementing additional Zn from either ZnAA or ZnO at 25, 50, or 75 ppm in finishing diets for commercial finishing pigs was evaluated. Overall, no differences were observed in ADFI, but a Zn source by level interaction was observed for ADG and G:F, as pigs fed increasing ZnO were observed to have similar performance, while pigs fed added levels of 25 and 50 ppm Zn from ZnAA had decreased performance compared to those fed the highest level of ZnAA.
Book Synopsis Influence of Dietary Fiber and Copper on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs and Utilizing Linear Programming to Determine Pig Flow by : Kyle Francis Coble
Download or read book Influence of Dietary Fiber and Copper on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs and Utilizing Linear Programming to Determine Pig Flow written by Kyle Francis Coble and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 7,061 finishing pigs were used in 7 experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of withdrawing high-fiber ingredients prior to marketing to optimize growth performance, carcass yield, and carcass fat quality. Switching pigs from a high-fiber to a low-fiber corn-soy diet approximately 15 to 19 d before slaughter restored carcass yield and partially decreased carcass fat IV compared to pigs fed the high-fiber diet until slaughter. Experiment 2 studied 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 5% added fat prior to slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Adding 5% fat to finishing pig diets containing 30% DDGS approximately 20 d before slaughter improved ADG and G:F but did not overcome the reduction in carcass yield from feeding DDGS. Experiment 3 investigated the Cu source on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Increasing dietary Cu in high byproduct diets improved growth and feed intake, resulting in increased final BW and HCW for pigs fed both Cu sources. Experiment 4 examined added Cu and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) level on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality. Feeding 150 mg/kg Cu to pigs in the 100% SID Lys requirement diet had improved growth but in the 85 or 92.5% SID Lys requirement diet no response to added Cu was found. Furthermore, increasing SID Lys increased ADG and HCW, but added Cu did not influence growth when feeding low SID Lys. Experiment 5 investigated diet ingredient type and added Cu on growth performance, carcass characteristics, gross energy digestibility, and small intestine histology and gene expression. When comparing diet type and added Cu, pigs fed a byproduct diet with DDGS and bakery meal tended to have lower G:F and reduced HCW compared to pigs fed a corn-soy diet. Adding Cu did not influence growth or carcass characteristics. However, adding Cu to the byproduct diet improved gross energy digestibility and decreased the crypt depth in the distal small intestine. Finally, a linear programming model was developed as a decision tool for commercial swine producers to help guide pig flow decisions to maximize the return to the operation.
Download or read book Tropical Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-finishing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Peanut Hulls, with Or Without Added Probiotic by : Lark Burnham
Download or read book Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-finishing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Peanut Hulls, with Or Without Added Probiotic written by Lark Burnham and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Low Crude Protein, Amino Acid Fortified Diets and Neutral Detergent Fiber on Finishing Pig Performance by : Jose Alfredo Soto Gonzalez
Download or read book Effects of Low Crude Protein, Amino Acid Fortified Diets and Neutral Detergent Fiber on Finishing Pig Performance written by Jose Alfredo Soto Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleven experiments using 5,434 growing-finishing pigs were performed in addition to the development of a model to predict dietary NE that yields the greatest economic benefit. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary phytogenics on growth and carcass performance of growing-finishing pigs. The addition of the combination of two phytogenics products (EOM 1+2) to diets improved ADFI, HCW, and carcass ADG. However, there was no evidence for treatment differences for growth or carcass performance in a second study. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding high SID Trp:Lys ratios with and without Ractopamine HCl (RAC) on growth and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, whereas increasing SID Trp:Lys ratio above 20% improved growth and carcass performance when diets contained RAC, pigs fed SID Trp:Lys ratios above 20% in diets without RAC had reduced growth and carcass performance. Contrary in Exp. 2, pigs fed increasing SID Trp:Lys in diet containing RAC did not provide further performance benefits. Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimum dietary SID Lys and CP concentrations in finishing pigs over 100 kg. The SID Lys requirement to obtain 100% of maximum response was 0.55 to 0.63% depending on the response variable. Growth and carcass performance was maximized in diets containing at least 12% dietary CP. Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of SBM concentration and whether dEB, choline, or K are the reasons that performance is reduced when pigs over 100 kg BW are fed low CP diets. Performance was reduced as SBM concentration was reduced in the diet. Choline, K, and dEB do not appear to be the reason that performance is reduced when SBM concentration is decreased in low CP diets fed to pigs over 100 kg BW. A Microsoft Excel®-based model to predict the value of dietary NE that yields the greatest economic return to the production system was developed. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted to incorporate the impact of NDF on carcass yield in the model.
Book Synopsis Swine Nutrition by : Elwyn R. Miller
Download or read book Swine Nutrition written by Elwyn R. Miller and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swine Nutrition is a comprehensive text-reference that deals with the various aspects and knowledge in swine nutrition. The book is basically about nutrient utilization by swine. The topics discussed concerning this subject are factors influencing swine nutrition, nutrient bioavailability, appetite and feeding behavior, physical forms of feed, environment and management, immunocompetence, genetic and sex considerations, mycotoxins, and intestinal microbiology. Major and unique feedstuffs, feeding regimen in different stages of growth, and techniques in swine nutrition research are also elaborated. The text will be useful to students of advance swine nutrition courses as well as those seeking information in swine nutrition.
Book Synopsis Effects of Single Compared to Multiple Dietary Phases on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-finishing Pigs by : Marleny Elizabeth Mercedes
Download or read book Effects of Single Compared to Multiple Dietary Phases on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-finishing Pigs written by Marleny Elizabeth Mercedes and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Pelleting and Dietary Fat and Fiber Levels on Pig Growth and Fat Quality by : Jeremiah Eugene Nemechek
Download or read book Effects of Pelleting and Dietary Fat and Fiber Levels on Pig Growth and Fat Quality written by Jeremiah Eugene Nemechek and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 11 experiments, 7,325 pigs were used to determine the effects of: 1) diet type and form on finishing pig growth performance and carcass fat iodine value (IV); 2) pellet quality and feeder adjustment on pig growth performance; 3) corn particle size and diet form on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics; and 4) dietary acidification, diet complexity, and feed-grade antibiotics on nursery pig growth performance. Feeding diets with wheat middlings and dried distillers grains with solubles all the way until marketing decreased G:F and carcass yield, and worsened carcass fat IV. Withdrawing these ingredients 17 d prior to market restored carcass yield, but resulted in small improvements in IV. Pelleting diets improved growth performance; however, a novel finding is that pelleting diets fed to finishing pigs increased belly fat IV. Feeding nursery pigs from a wide feeder gap may improve ADG and ADFI, with no negative effects on G:F. For finishing pigs, reducing feeder gap reduced feed disappearance and improved G:F. In all experiments, feeding pelleted diets improved G:F, but the greatest improvements occurred when the percentage of fines was minimized. Grinding corn finer than 650 microns decreased ADFI and improved G:F for finishing pigs fed meal diets, but not for pigs fed pelleted diets. Pelleting diets improved ADG and G:F, but the greatest magnitude of G:F improvement to pellets occurred when pigs were fed diets containing the largest particle size corn. Thus, grinding corn finer than 650 microns improved feed efficiency for finishing pigs fed meal diets, but provided no additional benefit for pigs fed pelleted diets. When dietary supplementation of benzoic acid was evaluated, added benzoic acid in nursery pig diets did not influence growth performance in university conditions, whereas feeding complex diets or antimicrobials improved growth. In the commercial setting, acidifiers improved growth in one experiment but not the other. The varying response to acidifiers is likely influenced by health status, age, or starting weight of pigs.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Finishing Environment on Swine Performance, Pork Quality and Adipose Tissue Composition by : Brenda Sue Patton
Download or read book The Effects of Finishing Environment on Swine Performance, Pork Quality and Adipose Tissue Composition written by Brenda Sue Patton and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Producers are becoming more aware of product quality as a profit driver in the pork industry. One alternative method is the use of hoop buildings, which are deep-bedded, open-ended, tent-like structures covered with a polyethylene fabric tarp. Several items differ between hoop structures and standard confinement systems, including the use of straw for bedding, increased space allocation, and subjection of animals to seasonal environmental changes. The open-ended design of hoop structures allows greater exposure to temperature changes, with less capacity to maintain a constant temperature as outdoor temperatures fluctuate. The following experiments were designed to ascertain affects between hoop systems to confinement systems. The general hypothesis driving this study was that enrichment of the finishing environment provided by semi-outdoor, deep-bedded finishing systems would allow for lower stress susceptibility, thereby influencing growth response, carcass composition, the rate and extent of pH and temperature decline postmortem, ultimately affecting pork quality attributes perceived by the consumer. Space allocation rates from this study will grant producers using these systems with a standard stocking requirement to efficiently optimize swine growth and pork quality. Hoop-finished pigs were slower growing, with relation to average daily gain and feed conversion capacity than confinement-finished pigs. Hoop pigs also had lower levels of backfat at the 10th rib, less marbling in the loin, and less total lipid in the adipose tissue. The ultimate driver hypothesized for these variations was exposure to ambient temperature fluctuations. Providing more space within hoop systems had small affects on growth, performance, or pork quality attributes. Variations in pork quality were limited to lipid deposition, indicating finishing systems observed in these experiments did not alter product quality. Future research initiatives are necessary to determine specific effects of temperature fluctuation and lipid deposition characteristics in these systems.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determining the Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids, Manganese, and Xylanase on Growing-finishing Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics by : Hayden Kerkaert Kerkaert
Download or read book Determining the Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids, Manganese, and Xylanase on Growing-finishing Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics written by Hayden Kerkaert Kerkaert and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiment 1 used a total of 1,200 pigs to determine the effects of added Val, Ile, and Trp in high Leu on growing-finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics in order to validate a prediction model. Experiments 2 and 3 used a total of 3,888 pigs to determine the effects of manganese source and level on growing-finishing pigs growth performance and carcass characteristics. Experiment 4 used a total of 1,944 pigs to determine the effects of increasing added xylanase in nutrient adequate diets on growing-finishing pigs growth performance and carcass characteristics. Experiment 1 determined that increasing Val or Ile in high Lys-HCl-DDGS-based diets improved growth performance and final BW compared with pigs fed diets containing high levels of Lys-HCl without added Val and Ile. The addition of Trp alone could not overcome the negative effects of growth performance of pigs fed high Leu diets. These results demonstrate that negative effects of high Leu concentrations in corn-DDGS-based diets can be reversed by increasing the ratios of Val and Ile to Lys. In Exp. 2 and 3, growth performance was improved when 8 and 32 mg/kg of Mn is supplemented compared to 16 mg/kg and when pharmacological levels of Cu are supplemented; pigs fed Mn hydroxychloride had improved growth performance. Also, as Mn concentration in the diet increased, regardless of source, total Mn concentration in the liver increased but increased less for pigs fed Mn hydroxychloride. In Exp. 4, when xylanase was added to nutrient adequate diets, there was improved carcass yield when intermediate levels were fed, however, there was no impact on growth performance or mortality.
Book Synopsis Lipid Metabolism, Gene Expression, Substrate Oxidation, and Meat Quality of Growing-finishing Pigs Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Arginine by : Gwang-Woong Go
Download or read book Lipid Metabolism, Gene Expression, Substrate Oxidation, and Meat Quality of Growing-finishing Pigs Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Arginine written by Gwang-Woong Go and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hypothesized that supplementation of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and arginine singly or in combination would increase animal performance and meat quality by decreasing adiposity and increasing lean mass in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen pigs (80 kg) were assigned to four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design, differing in dietary fatty acid and amino acid composition [control: 2.05% alanine (isonitrogenous control) plus 1% canola oil (lipid control); CLA: 2.05% alanine + 1% CLA; arginine: 1% arginine + 1% canola oil; arginine + CLA: 1% arginine + 1 CLA]. Preliminary tests indicated that up to 2% arginine was acceptable without interfering with lysine absorption. Pigs were allowed to feed free choice until reaching 110 kg. There were no significant differences across treatments in feed intake, weight gain, or feed efficiency. CLA tended to decrease carcass length (P = 0.06), whereas backfat thickness tended to be greater in pigs supplemented with arginine (P = 0.08). Arginine decreased muscle pH at 45 min postmortem (P = 0.001) and tended to increase lightness of muscle at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.07). CLA supplementation increased the concentrations of trans-isomers of 18:1 (P = 0.001) and SFA (P = 0.01) in s.c. and r.p. adipose tissue. CLA supplementation increased palmitate incorporation into total lipids in longissimus muscle (P = 0.01). Glucose oxidation to CO2 in r.p. and s.c. adipose tissue were greater in pigs supplemented with CLA in the absence or presence of arginine (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). The volume of s.c. adipocytes in s.c. and r.p. adipose tissues was greater in pigs supplemented with CLA, arginine, or CLA plus arginine than in control pigs (P = 0.001). Neither CLA nor arginine affected the expression of PGC-1[alpha], AMPK, mTOR, CPT-1A, FAS, or SCD (P> 0.05) in any tissues. We conclude that there was no significant interaction between arginine and CLA. Supplementary CLA or arginine to finishing-growing pigs did not modulate growth performance and did not reduce adiposity. CLA increased intramuscular fat content without deteriorating meat quality traits and increased saturated fatty acids and substrate oxidation in adipose tissues. In the presence of 1% of canola oil or CLA in the diet, arginine has the potential to deteriorate meat quality by reducing early postmortem pH and by increasing carcass fatness.
