Factors Affecting Elk Cervus Elaphus Encounter Rate By Gray Wolves Canis Lupus In Yellowstone National Park

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Factors Affecting Elk (Cervus Elaphus) Encounter Rate by Gray Wolves (Canis Lupus) in Yellowstone National Park

Author : Hans W. Martin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Elk (Cervus Elaphus) Encounter Rate by Gray Wolves (Canis Lupus) in Yellowstone National Park by : Hans W. Martin

Download or read book Factors Affecting Elk (Cervus Elaphus) Encounter Rate by Gray Wolves (Canis Lupus) in Yellowstone National Park written by Hans W. Martin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few studies of wolf predation have quantified wolf encounter rates of prey and the factors that influence them. Elk population decline, variable weather, and changing wolf-pack dynamics on the Northern Range (NR) of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) provide an opportunity to examine factors affecting wof-elk encounter rates ad thier role in wolf hunting success. Wolf kill rate is influenced by several factors but not by elk density. However, I found that elk density seems to be the only factor that drives wolf-elk encounter rates, and encounter rates are somewhat correlated with hunting success at least during early winter. Thus the factors affecting wolf hunting success of elk on the NR of YNP do not explain variation in encounter rates. Wolves appear to be able to adjust their hunting behavior to compensate for all the factors predicted to affect encounter rates for elk density.

Factors Affecting Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Encounter Rate with Elk (Cervus Elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park

Author : Hans W. Martin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Encounter Rate with Elk (Cervus Elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park by : Hans W. Martin

Download or read book Factors Affecting Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Encounter Rate with Elk (Cervus Elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park written by Hans W. Martin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite encounter rates being a key component of kill rate, few studies of large carnivore predation have quantified encounter rates with prey, the factors that influence them, and the relationship between encounter rate and kill rate. The study's primary motivation was to determine the relationship between prey density and encounter rate in understanding the mechanism behind the functional response. Elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) population decline and variable weather in northern Yellowstone National Park (YNP) provided an opportunity to examine how these factors influenced wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) encounter rates with elk. We explored how factors associated with wolfkill rate and encounter rate in other systems (season, elk density, elk-group density, average elk-group size, snow depth, wolf-pack size and territory size) influenced wolf-elk encounter rate in YNP. Elk density was the only factor significantly correlated with wolfelk encounter rate, and we found a non-linear density-dependent relationship which may be a mechanism for a functional response in this system. Encounter rate was correlated with number of elk killed during early winter, but not late winter. Weak effects of snow depth and elk group size on encounter rate suggest that these factors influence kill rate via hunting success because kill rate is the product of hunting success and encounter rate.

Ecological Issues on Reintroducing Wolves Into Yellowstone National Park

Author : Robert Sewell Cook
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Issues on Reintroducing Wolves Into Yellowstone National Park by : Robert Sewell Cook

Download or read book Ecological Issues on Reintroducing Wolves Into Yellowstone National Park written by Robert Sewell Cook and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wolves for Yellowstone?: Research & analysis

Author : Yellowstone National Park
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Wolves for Yellowstone?: Research & analysis by : Yellowstone National Park

Download or read book Wolves for Yellowstone?: Research & analysis written by Yellowstone National Park and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 3-4 edited by John D. Varley and Wayne G. Brewster; Sarah E. Broadbent and Renee Evanoff, technical editors.

Gray Wolves (Canis Lupus) Reintroduction Into Yellowstone National Park (N.P.) and Central Idaho (WY,MT, and ID)

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Gray Wolves (Canis Lupus) Reintroduction Into Yellowstone National Park (N.P.) and Central Idaho (WY,MT, and ID) by :

Download or read book Gray Wolves (Canis Lupus) Reintroduction Into Yellowstone National Park (N.P.) and Central Idaho (WY,MT, and ID) written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Reintroduction of Gray Wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Central Idaho

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reintroduction of Gray Wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Central Idaho by :

Download or read book The Reintroduction of Gray Wolves to Yellowstone National Park and Central Idaho written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Wolves of Yellowstone

Author : John Weaver
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wolves of Yellowstone by : John Weaver

Download or read book The Wolves of Yellowstone written by John Weaver and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical records and intensive field surveys 1975-77 provided information on the population history, ecology, and current status of wolves (Canis lupus) in Yellowstone National Park and vicinity. Wolves occurred in unknown but seemingly low densities during the latter 1800s in several areas of Yellowstone where they were controlled periodically until 1926. Populations apparently began increasing about 1912, primarily in the northeast, and may have reached nonequilibrium levels of 30-40 animals (postwhelping). Intensive control 1914-26 removed at least 136 wolves, including about 80 pups. During this period Yellowstone wolves characteristically lived in packs of 3-16 members, some of which followed the ungulates in their seasonal migrations. Litters averaging 7.8 were born in late March and April, primarily in the north central sector of the park. Limited evidence suggests that elk (Cervus elaphus) were important food for wolves during all seasons. Wolves either survived the control era or moved in shortly thereafter for singles, pairs, and a pack of four were reported the following decade. Resident wolf packs, however, were eliminated from Yellowstone National Park by the l940s. Large canids have been sighted intermittently to the present, but their identity has not been established. Singles and pairs comprised 89% of 116 "probable" reports over the past 50 years. Speculation about factors limiting the Yellowstone wolf population considers its relative geographic isolation from viable wolf populations and possible genetic problems (including wolf-coyote hybridization) associated with prolonged minimal population status. A transplant of wolves from British Columbia or Alberta, or perhaps Minnesota, is recommended to restore a viable population of this native predator to Yellowstone National Park.

Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators

Author : Mridula Srinivasan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031298039
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators by : Mridula Srinivasan

Download or read book Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators written by Mridula Srinivasan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-18 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a comparative look at the social strategies of five carnivorous social predators (four terrestrial and one marine) that make them successful hunting units. The focus is on mammalian predators hunting (largely) mammalian prey. Each chapter (with separate authors) devoted to a particular species, explores the versatile hunting techniques and social dynamics of these top predators as they attempt to survive, defend, and reproduce in challenging habitats. Each chapter also delves into how the social fabric and ecology of each species influence their ability to deal with natural and man-made threats and shifting baselines.

Wolves and Dogs

Author : Friederike Range
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030984117
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Wolves and Dogs by : Friederike Range

Download or read book Wolves and Dogs written by Friederike Range and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-09 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various parallels have been drawn between wolves and humans from the perspective of their social organisation. Therefore, studying wolves may well shed light on the evolutionary origins of complex human cognition and, in particular, on the role that cooperation played in its development. Humans closely share their lives with millions of dogs – the domesticated form of wolves. Biologically, wolves and dogs can be considered to be the same species; yet only dogs are suitable living companions in human homes, highlighting the importance of cognitive and emotional differences between the two forms. The behaviour of wolves and dogs largely depends on the environment the animals grew up and live in. This book reviews more than 50 years of research on the differences and similarities of wolves and dogs. Beyond the socio-ecology, the work explores different theories about when and how the domestication of wolves might have started and which behaviours and cognitive abilities might have changed during this process. Readers will discover how these fascinating animals live with their conspecifics in their social groups, how they approach and solve problems in their daily lives and how they see and interact with their human partners.

Evidence of a Trophic Cascade Among Wolves, Elk, and Aspen in Yellowstone National Park, USA

Author : Joshua Simon Halofsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence of a Trophic Cascade Among Wolves, Elk, and Aspen in Yellowstone National Park, USA by : Joshua Simon Halofsky

Download or read book Evidence of a Trophic Cascade Among Wolves, Elk, and Aspen in Yellowstone National Park, USA written by Joshua Simon Halofsky and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to general top-down trophic theory, in the presence of carnivores, herbivore behavior and/or densities could change and result in an overall decrease in herbivory on plant communities. In this dissertation, I examined the potential relationship between gray wolf (Canis lupus) presence and absence on elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory of aspen (Populus tremuloides). Based on aspen tree cores and an age-diameter relationship, I approximated aspen origination dates both within and outside two elk exclosures to study long-term patterns of aspen recruitment in the Gallatin elk winter range of northwestern Yellowstone National Park, USA. From aspen data, I concluded that while a host of interacting biophysical factors may influence aspen recruitment and growth, the observed pattern of aspen decline is most correlated with elk herbivory, coincident with the presence and absence of wolves. Outside of the elk winter range, but still within the northwestern portion of the park, I studied growth patterns of clonal upland aspen thickets since wolf reintroduction. Growth patterns were compared in an area burned in the 1988 fires to an adjacent area that was unburned. From the results, I proposed that in addition to any wolf-mediated changes in elk densities, a recoupling of fire with increased elk predation risk in the presence of wolves may improve upland clonal aspen recruitment. To examine the potential for a trophic cascade from the perspective of elk, I measured vigilance behavior in female elk throughout the park during both winter and summer seasons. After vigilance behavior was recorded, I noted the distance to, and type of, objects that could have impeded observed female elk escape from predators. From my model selection procedure, I concluded elk foraging behavior appeared to vary with physical features in the landscape. This variation in foraging behavior with risk of predation provides a potential mechanism to explain the patchy release of preferred woody browse species within the Park. Therefore, in addition to density-mediated effects, the results are consistent with a behaviorally-mediated top-down trophic cascade between wolves, elk, and aspen.

Wolves for Yellowstone?: Research and analysis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Wolves for Yellowstone?: Research and analysis by :

Download or read book Wolves for Yellowstone?: Research and analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Yellowstone Wolf

Author : Paul Schullery
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 9780806134925
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis The Yellowstone Wolf by : Paul Schullery

Download or read book The Yellowstone Wolf written by Paul Schullery and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All royalties from sales of this book go to Yellowstone’s wolf recovery project Few animals inspire such a mixture of fear, curiosity, and wonder as the wolf. Highly regarded but often misunderstood, the wolf has as many friends as enemies, and its reintroduction into Yellowstone National Park has sparked both fascination and controversy. Early in Yellowstone’s history, wolves were thought supernaturally evil, and scores were destroyed. Northern Rocky Mountain wolves were native to Yellowstone when the park was established in 1872, but “predator control” led to determined eradication, and by the 1940s they were gone. Amid much fanfare, however, wolves were reintroduced to one of the nation’s oldest national parks in the 1990s. This comprehensive reference documents the prehistory, management, and nature of the Yellowstone wolf. Historian-naturalist Paul Schullery has assembled the voices of explorers, naturalists, park officials, tourists, lawmakers, and modern researchers to tell the story of what may be the most famous wolf population in the world. This unique book includes numerous scientific studies of interest to wolf enthusiasts and scholars of western wildlife issues, conservation, and national parks. In a new afterword, Schullery discusses recent developments in the recovery project.

Good Animals in Bad Places

Author : Shana Lucille Dunkley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (777 download)

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Book Synopsis Good Animals in Bad Places by : Shana Lucille Dunkley

Download or read book Good Animals in Bad Places written by Shana Lucille Dunkley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vulnerability of prey to predators is heavily influenced by their respective physical and behavioral characteristics; however their interactions with landscape, and climate, collectively termed "environmental vulnerability," may also assume considerable importance. Landscape or habitat-dependent prey vulnerability is well-studied in smaller taxa systems where environmental factors primarily influence encounter rates, however the impact of environmental vulnerability in large mammal systems, where the probability of a successful attack may be more important than encounter probability, is poorly understood. This study utilized 18 years of survival and mortality data for radio-collared elk (Cervus elaphus), in concert with abundance, distribution, and habitat use data prior to and following restoration of wolves (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone National Park to evaluate the relationship between environmental vulnerability and elk mortality. Logistic regression was used to model the odds of mortality for 108 elk in 1257 animal sample intervals from 1991-2009 across a range of environmental conditions and gradients of wolf predation risk to evaluate: 1) The relationship between landscape, habitat, and environmental attributes and elk vulnerability to wolf predation and 2) Changes in the attributes related to elk mortality before and after wolf colonization. In the absence of wolf predation, mortality risk for elk was primarily associated with physical attributes of elk due to age and condition, factors that are known to influence starvation mortality. Following wolf reintroduction mortality risk was related to these elk physical characteristics, but more so to characteristics of the landscape and climate within an animal's home range. These apparent environmental influences were strong enough to result in substantial changes in distribution and abundance of elk in the study system to the extent that by the end of the study elk almost exclusively utilized areas with high probability of wolf encounter, but also a high probability of escape due to the collective characteristics of the landscape promoting predation refuges. The strong influence of environmental vulnerability is likely to affect the abundance and distribution of elk and wolves across their range, and has broad applications to large mammal predator-prey dynamics in general.

Wolves for Yellowstone?: Executive summary

Author : Yellowstone National Park (Agency : U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Wolves for Yellowstone?: Executive summary by : Yellowstone National Park (Agency : U.S.)

Download or read book Wolves for Yellowstone?: Executive summary written by Yellowstone National Park (Agency : U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 3-4 edited by John D. Varley and Wayne G. Brewster; Sarah E. Broadbent and Renee Evanoff, technical editors.

Reintroduction and Management of Wolves in Yellowstone National Park and the Central Idaho Wilderness Area

Author : United States. Wolf Management Committee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reintroduction and Management of Wolves in Yellowstone National Park and the Central Idaho Wilderness Area by : United States. Wolf Management Committee

Download or read book Reintroduction and Management of Wolves in Yellowstone National Park and the Central Idaho Wilderness Area written by United States. Wolf Management Committee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wolves in Yellowstone National Park

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Wolves in Yellowstone National Park by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation

Download or read book Wolves in Yellowstone National Park written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Initial Effects of Reintroduced Wolves Canis Lupus on Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Dynamics in Yellowstone National Park

Author : Patrick James White
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Initial Effects of Reintroduced Wolves Canis Lupus on Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Dynamics in Yellowstone National Park by : Patrick James White

Download or read book Initial Effects of Reintroduced Wolves Canis Lupus on Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Dynamics in Yellowstone National Park written by Patrick James White and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wolves Canis lupus may naturally achieve densities that contribute to significant changes in prey populations and entire ecosystems. We analyzed a time series of counts, index of recruitment, and estimates of survival for bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis during 1995-2005 to evaluate the prediction that sheep numbers would decrease in the northern portion of Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming, USA, owing to lower survival and recruitment following wolf reintroduction. The number of wolves residing in the northern range increased from 21 to a maximum of 106 in response to an abundant elk Cervus elaphus population and legal protection. Counts of bighorn sheep decreased following the severe winter of 1997, but then increased by 7% annually during 1998-2005 (95% CI: 2-11%). Recruitment followed a similar temporal pattern, decreasing to 7-11 lambs/100 ewes during the severe winter of 1997 and the following winter, but then increasing to 21-34 lambs/100 ewes during 1998-2005. Annual estimates of survival for 14 adult females and four males 1-3 years old were high (0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-0.97) and indicative of an increasing or constant population. Thus, the presence of wolves did not prevent the bighorn sheep population from increasing slowly during the decade following reintroduction. However, sheep counts remain low compared to the 487 sheep observed before an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis caused 60% mortality during 1982, suggesting that other factors limited the recovery of this relatively isolated, high-elevation, native sheep population. Increases in abundance and recruitment of bighorn sheep during 1998-2005 were concurrent with a 50% decrease in the numbers of northern Yellowstone elk after wolf reintroduction. Thus, the potential effects of decreased competition for resources between elk and bighorn sheep on lamb recruitment and sheep population growth merit further investigation.