Extreme Islam

Download Extreme Islam PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Feral House
ISBN 13 : 1627310266
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Extreme Islam by : Adam Parfrey

Download or read book Extreme Islam written by Adam Parfrey and published by Feral House. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documentation from the self-proclaimed enemies of the West.

Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty

Download Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393081974
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty by : Mustafa Akyol

Download or read book Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty written by Mustafa Akyol and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-07-18 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A delightfully original take on…the prospects for liberal democracy in the broader Islamic Middle East.”—Matthew Kaminski, Wall Street Journal As the Arab Spring threatens to give way to authoritarianism in Egypt and reports from Afghanistan detail widespread violence against U.S. troops and women, news from the Muslim world raises the question: Is Islam incompatible with freedom? In Islam without Extremes, Turkish columnist Mustafa Akyol answers this question by revealing the little-understood roots of political Islam, which originally included both rationalist, flexible strains and more dogmatic, rigid ones. Though the rigid traditionalists won out, Akyol points to a flourishing of liberalism in the nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire and the unique “Islamo-liberal synthesis” in present-day Turkey. As he powerfully asserts, only by accepting a secular state can Islamic societies thrive. Islam without Extremes offers a desperately needed intellectual basis for the reconcilability of Islam and liberty.

Unholy Alliance

Download Unholy Alliance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Regnery Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780895260260
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Unholy Alliance by : David Horowitz

Download or read book Unholy Alliance written by David Horowitz and published by Regnery Publishing. This book was released on 2006-02-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling Unholy Alliance-now in paperback! Former Leftist radical David Horowitz blows the lid off the dangerous liaison between U.S. liberals and Islamic radicals. With America's battle against the disastrous force of terrorism at hand, Horowitz takes us behind the curtain of the unholy alliance between liberals and the enemy-a force with malevolent intentions, and one that Americans can no longer ignore.

While Europe Slept

Download While Europe Slept PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0385517599
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (855 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis While Europe Slept by : Bruce Bawer

Download or read book While Europe Slept written by Bruce Bawer and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2006-02-21 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The struggle for the soul of Europe today is every bit as dire and consequential as it was in the 1930s. Then, in Weimar, Germany, the center did not hold, and the light of civilization nearly went out. Today, the continent has entered yet another “Weimar moment.” Will Europeans rise to the challenge posed by radical Islam, or will they cave in once again to the extremists? As an American living in Europe since 1998, Bruce Bawer has seen this problem up close. Across the continent—in Amsterdam, Oslo, Copenhagen, Paris, Berlin, Madrid, and Stockholm—he encountered large, rapidly expanding Muslim enclaves in which women were oppressed and abused, homosexuals persecuted and killed, “infidels” threatened and vilified, Jews demonized and attacked, barbaric traditions (such as honor killing and forced marriage) widely practiced, and freedom of speech and religion firmly repudiated. The European political and media establishment turned a blind eye to all this, selling out women, Jews, gays, and democratic principles generally—even criminalizing free speech—in order to pacify the radical Islamists and preserve the illusion of multicultural harmony. The few heroic figures who dared to criticize Muslim extremists and speak up for true liberal values were systematically slandered as fascist bigots. Witnessing the disgraceful reaction of Europe’s elites to 9/11, to the terrorist attacks on Madrid, Beslan, and London, and to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Bawer concluded that Europe was heading inexorably down a path to cultural suicide. Europe's Muslim communities are powder kegs, brimming with an alienation born of the immigrants’ deep antagonism toward an infidel society that rejects them and compounded by misguided immigration policies that enforce their segregation and empower the extremists in their midst. The mounting crisis produced by these deeply perverse and irresponsible policies finally burst onto our television screens in October 2005, as Paris and other European cities erupted in flames. WHILE EUROPE SLEPT is the story of one American’s experience in Europe before and after 9/11, and of his many arguments with Europeans about the dangers of militant Islam and America’s role in combating it. This brave and invaluable book—with its riveting combination of eye-opening reportage and blunt, incisive analysis—is essential reading for anyone concerned about the fate of Europe and what it portends for the United States.

The Saudi Terror Machine

Download The Saudi Terror Machine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1510736646
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Saudi Terror Machine by : Pierre Conesa

Download or read book The Saudi Terror Machine written by Pierre Conesa and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The religious diplomacy of Saudi Arabia constitutes a strange black hole in the analysis of radicalism that affects Islam and the Middle East today. Why has Salafism, the most intolerant and sectarian movement of Islam, become so prevalent? Of all the religious radicalisms that rot the planet, it is the only one to enjoy the constant support of a country endowed with immense means: the Saudi kingdom. This study, whose collaborators wanted to remain anonymous, reveals how the two sides of the kingdom – the conciliatory one of the Saud dynasty and the more aggressive Salafism, propagandist of jihad – has for decades developed a religious strategy to conquer the Muslim community and the West without appearing as an enemy. One of the most striking examples is the absence of sanctions or even accusations by George W. Bush towards Saudi Arabia in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks even with fifteen identified Saudis among the terrorists. The kingdom's influence is largely unknown but undoubtedly acts as a key player throughout the Muslim world through their financing of conservative Koranic schools, universities and mosques, as well as other international public and private organizations. But after years of financing radical Islamists in foreign lands, Saudi Arabia now finds itself threatened in their own territory, the monster they have given birth to turned against them.

Radical

Download Radical PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1493025724
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical by : Maajid Nawaz

Download or read book Radical written by Maajid Nawaz and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maajid Nawaz spent his teenage years listening to American hip-hop and learning about the radical Islamist movement spreading throughout Europe and Asia in the 1980s and 90s. At 16, he was already a ranking member in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a London-based Islamist group. He quickly rose through the ranks to become a top recruiter, a charismatic spokesman for the cause of uniting Islam’s political power across the world. Nawaz was setting up satellite groups in Pakistan, Denmark, and Egypt when he was rounded up in the aftermath of 9/11 along with many other radical Muslims. He was sent to an Egyptian prison where he was, fortuitously, jailed along with the assassins of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. The 20 years in prison had changed the assassins’ views on Islam and violence; Maajid went into prison preaching to them about the Islamist cause, but the lessons ended up going the other way. He came out of prison four years later completely changed, convinced that his entire belief system had been wrong, and determined to do something about it. He met with activists and heads of state, built a network, and started a foundation, Quilliam, funded by the British government, to combat the rising Islamist tide in Europe and elsewhere, using his intimate knowledge of recruitment tactics in order to reverse extremism and persuade Muslims that the ‘narrative’ used to recruit them (that the West is evil and the cause of all of Muslim suffering), is false. Radical, first published in the UK, is a fascinating and important look into one man's journey out of extremism and into something else entirely. This U.S. edition contains a "Preface for US readers" and a new, updated epilogue.

Holy Warriors

Download Holy Warriors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Authentic
ISBN 13 : 9781850784609
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (846 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Holy Warriors by : Amy Orr-Ewing

Download or read book Holy Warriors written by Amy Orr-Ewing and published by Authentic. This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We write this account of the Taliban with probably a unique experience and perspective on them. We have a story that intertwines our lives with theirs long before the twin towers were destroyed and the appalling attacks on America had wreaked their havoc. For much of the Western press, the Taliban were just another fundamentalist regime, renowned for their treatment of women, and their ultra-orthodoxy. They are a group now ingrained upon the visual imagination of the western world." Frog and Amy Orr-Ewing

Radical Islam Rising

Download Radical Islam Rising PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742536418
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (364 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical Islam Rising by : Quintan Wiktorowicz

Download or read book Radical Islam Rising written by Quintan Wiktorowicz and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2005 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the West denounces the spread of radical Islam in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and elsewhere in the Muslim world, it tends to overlook the development of Islamic extremism in its own societies. Over the past several decades, groups like al-Qaeda have been supported by thousands of citizens of the United States, the United Kingdom, and other Western democracies. Rejecting their national identity, they have heeded international calls to "jihad" and formed extremist groups to fight their own countries. This groundbreaking book represents one of the first systematic attempts to explain why Westerners join radical Islamic groups. Quintan Wiktorowicz details the mechanisms that attract potential recruits, the instruments of persuasion that convince them that radical groups represent "real Islam," and the socialization process that prods them to engage in risky extremism. Throughout, he traces the subtle process that can turn seemingly unreligious people into supporters of religious violence. The author's invaluable insights are based upon nearly unprecedented access to a radical Islamic group in the West. His extraordinary fieldwork forms the basis of a detailed case study of al-Muhajiroun, a transnational movement based in London that supports Bin Laden and other Islamic terrorists. Through its rich empirical detail, this book explains why ordinary people join extremist movements.

Radical Islam in East Africa

Download Radical Islam in East Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833046799
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical Islam in East Africa by : Angel Rabasa

Download or read book Radical Islam in East Africa written by Angel Rabasa and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American geopolitical interests and the potential threats to those interests are both on the rise in East Africa. The author places the spread of militant Islamism and the development of radical Islamist networks in East Africa in the broader context of the social, economic, and political factors that have shaped the region's security environment.

Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism

Download Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199365261
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism by : John Calvert

Download or read book Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism written by John Calvert and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-11-22 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) was an influential Egyptian ideologue credited with establishing the theoretical basis for radical Islamism in the post colonial Sunni Muslim world. Lacking a pure understanding of the leader's life and work, the popular media has conflated Qutb's moral purpose with the aims of bin Laden and al-Qaeda. He is often portrayed as a terrorist, Islamo-Fascist, and advocate of murder. This book rescues Qutb from misrepresentation, tracing the evolution of his thought within the context of his time. An expert on social protest and political resistance in the modern Middle East, as well as Egyptian nationalism, John Calvert recounts Qutb's life from the small village in which he was raised to his execution at the behest of Abd al-Nasser's regime. His study remains sensitive to the cultural, political, social, and economic circumstances that shaped Qutb's thought-major developments that composed one of the most eventful periods in Egyptian history. These years witnessed the full flush of Britain's tutelary regime, the advent of Egyptian nationalism, and the political hegemony of the Free Officers. Qutb rubbed shoulders with Taha Husayn, Naguib Mahfouz, and Abd al-Nasser himself, though his Islamism originally had little to do with religion. Only in response to his harrowing experience in prison did Qutb come to regard Islam and kufr (infidelity) as oppositional, antithetical, and therefore mutually exclusive. Calvert shows how Qutb repackaged and reformulated the Islamic heritage to pose a challenge to authority, including those who claimed (falsely, he believed) to be Muslim.

Radical Islam in America

Download Radical Islam in America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1597973025
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (979 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical Islam in America by : Chris Heffelfinger

Download or read book Radical Islam in America written by Chris Heffelfinger and published by Potomac Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-04-30 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radicalization of Muslims and Islamic institutions in the United States, Europe, and across the Islamic world has fostered a new generation of Islamist activists, many of them willing to use violence to achieve their aims. In Radical Islam in America, Chris Heffelfinger describes the development of the Islamist movement, examines its efforts and influence in the West, and suggests strategies to reduce or eliminate the threat of Islamist terrorism. The book distinguishes Islamism (the fundamentalist political movement based on Islamic identity and values) from the Muslim faith and explores Islamists' substantial inroads with Muslims and Muslim educational institutions in the West since the 1960s, as well as the larger relationship between Islamist political activism and militancy. Heffelfinger argues that the West has often mischaracterized jihadists as a nihilistic, irrational force desiring nothing but death and destruction. Instead, we need to recognize that Islamists are part of a much broader struggle over the political, social, economic, and legal direction of Muslims around the world. Our failure to understand the motives behind terrorist tactics has resulted not only in ineffective counterterrorism strategies but also in the proliferation of Islamist militants and sympathizers. Among the hundreds of terrorism-related arrests since 9/11, a large number were young, socially alienated Muslims who were moved by the jihadist message but not directed by jihadist networks overseas. That phenomenon—and the ideology behind it—is what Western society and governments must fully understand in order to construct a viable policy to confront it. This book will appeal to scholars and general readers interested in global politics, current affairs, Middle East terrorism, and counterterrorism.

Radical Islam's Rules

Download Radical Islam's Rules PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1461686903
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (616 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical Islam's Rules by : Paul Marshall

Download or read book Radical Islam's Rules written by Paul Marshall and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2005-02-25 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major feature of the rise of Islamism in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and parts of the West is the rapid growth of a starkly repressive version of Islamic shari'a law, often fueled by funds and support from Saudi Arabia. The central purpose of Islamists, including terrorists, is to impose such law in all Muslim lands, and then throughout the world in a new Caliphate. Despite its importance, this worldwide growth of extreme shari'a is under-documented and little understood. By a comparative study over the last twenty-five years of Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, Sudan, Nigeria, Malaysia, and Indonesia, this book shows its terrible effects on human rights, especially the status of women and religious freedom, of Muslims as well as religious minorities, and on democracy itself. It also shows that such laws are a direct threat to the American interest of advancing democracy and human rights, that the United States lacks a policy for dealing with the spread of extreme shari'a, and concludes with policy recommendations for the United States regarding specific countries confronting extreme shari'a.

My Year Inside Radical Islam

Download My Year Inside Radical Islam PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1440633711
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (46 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis My Year Inside Radical Islam by : Daveed Gartenstein-Ross

Download or read book My Year Inside Radical Islam written by Daveed Gartenstein-Ross and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2008-01-31 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My Year Inside Radical Islam is a memoir of first a spiritual and then a political seduction. Raised in liberal Ashland, Oregon, by parents who were Jewish by birth but dismissive of strict dogma, Daveed Gartenstein-Ross converted to Islam in college-a process that began with a desire to connect with both a religious community and a spiritual practice, and eventually led him to sympathize with the most extreme interpretations of the faith with the most radical political implications. In the year following graduation, Gartenstein-Ross went to work for the Al Haramain Islamic Foundation, a charity dedicated to fostering Wahhabism, Saudi Arabia's austere form of Islam-a theological inspiration for many terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda. Shortly after he left Al Haramain-when his own fanaticism had waned-the foundation was charged by the U.S. government for a money-laundering scheme that was seemingly designed to finance terrorist organizations. Gartenstein-Ross, by this time a lawyer at a prominent firm, volunteered for questioning by the FBI. They already knew who he was. The story of how a good faith can be distorted and a decent soul can be seduced away from his principles, My Year Inside Radical Islam provides a rare glimpse into the personal interface between religion and politics.

Death to the Infidels

Download Death to the Infidels PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 1137474580
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Death to the Infidels by : Mitchell G. Bard

Download or read book Death to the Infidels written by Mitchell G. Bard and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2014-09-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a century, much of the attention given to the Middle East has focused on the Arab-Israeli conflict. The rise of a Palestinian offshoot of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamic Resistance Movement, or Hamas, transformed the nature of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians. According to Bard, the dispute, in the view of Hamas, is not over a division of Palestine, but rather about Jews ruling over Muslims and the presence of Jews on Islamic land. However, this Islamic-Jewish conflict is not simply confined to the Middle East. Muslim terrorist attacks have been directed at Jews all around the world, from Europe to Asia to Latin America. Radical Muslims in European countries are becoming more brazen, particularly in France, where the Muslims constitute nearly ten percent of the population. In just the last year, there have been several Muslim attacks on Jews throughout France. Death to the Infidels documents the growth of radical Islam in the Middle East and how, from the author's interpretation, it has transformed what had primarily been a political conflict into a one-sided religious war limiting the prospect for peace, particularly in Israel.

Inside Jihad: How Radical Islam Works, Why It Should Terrify Us, How to Defeat It

Download Inside Jihad: How Radical Islam Works, Why It Should Terrify Us, How to Defeat It PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : D Street Books
ISBN 13 : 099080898X
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inside Jihad: How Radical Islam Works, Why It Should Terrify Us, How to Defeat It by : Dr. Tawfik Hamid

Download or read book Inside Jihad: How Radical Islam Works, Why It Should Terrify Us, How to Defeat It written by Dr. Tawfik Hamid and published by D Street Books. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why has radical Islam become such a deadly threat, and why does it dominate the Muslim world? Dr. Tawfik Hamid answers these and other questions about this evil movement clearly and accessibly in his groundbreaking work. Dr. Hamid knows about radical Islam firsthand. In the early 1980s, he was recruited into Jamaa Islamiya, a terror group led at the time by Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri, the man who went on to replace Osama bin Laden as leader of al-Qaeda. Eventually and miraculously, Dr. Hamid recognized the insidious nature of violent jihad and rejected its distortions of the Quran, the holy book of the Muslim faith. Ever since, he has pursued the reformation of Islam. He has written new interpretations of the Quran's key texts and has shared his message in many mosques. Inside Jihad reveals Dr. Hamid's deep insights about and passionate opposition to the Islamic terror movement drawn from his direct personal experiences. As a medical doctor and an expert on the psychology of the jihadist mindset, he explains the roles that sex, fear, petrodollars and the hijab for women have played in its proliferation. And he details his bold plan for Islamic reformation that would eventually change the jihadists minds and end their reign of terror.

The Next World War

Download The Next World War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : WaterBrook
ISBN 13 : 0307446190
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Next World War by : Grant R. Jeffrey

Download or read book The Next World War written by Grant R. Jeffrey and published by WaterBrook. This book was released on 2008-05-20 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first warning shots of WW III have already been fired The escalating terrorist attacks in the Middle East and in major cities in the West are not isolated acts of extremism. They are the first warning shots fired in a coming world war. For decades, prophecy expert Grant R. Jeffrey has been analyzing geopolitical developments through the lenses of history, religion, and prophecy. As current events unfold according to the prophecies of the Bible, Jeffrey says Islamic extremists are preparing to attack Israel and conquer western civilization–destroying our freedom. Drawing from firsthand interviews, intelligence reports, and ancient prophecy, Jeffrey reveals: ·Saddam Hussein’s role in the 9/11 attack on America ·Where Iraq hid its Weapons of Mass Destruction ·How Russia and extreme Islam will launch World War III ·The Bible’s prophecy of the destruction of extremist Islam ·How Israel will rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem With Grant Jeffrey’s incisive and sometimes surprising analysis, you can understand the hidden agenda and powerful players behind today’s news headlines.

Radical Islam in the West

Download Radical Islam in the West PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 0786462108
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical Islam in the West by : Brian R. Farmer

Download or read book Radical Islam in the West written by Brian R. Farmer and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the challenge posed by the immersion of 15 million Muslims in Western democracies and the few, but volatile, terrorists present within the larger body of believers. The fact that immersion in Western culture is insufficient to stem the tide of extremism is discussed, along with the factors that contribute to the growth of radical Islam, such as the presence of charismatic, authoritarian leadership, educational options that downplay critical thinking, and colonialism. Hope that radical Islam can be kept to a minimum in Western societies is provided by the Islamic concept of Ijtihad, through which Muslims reinterpret their own religion. Just as mainstream Mormons have dispensed with polygamy and Christians with witch-hunting, Muslims in Western societies have the potential to minimize the growth of radicalism. Instructors considering this book for use in a course may request an examination copy here.