Extinction And Radiation

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Extinction and Radiation

Author : J. David Archibald
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801898056
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Extinction and Radiation by : J. David Archibald

Download or read book Extinction and Radiation written by J. David Archibald and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study identifies the fall of dinosaurs as the factor that allowed mammals to evolve into the dominant tetrapod form. It refutes the single-cause impact theory for dinosaur extinction and demonstrates that multiple factors--massive volcanic eruptions, loss of shallow seas, and extraterrestrial impact--likely led to their demise. While their avian relatives ultimately survived and thrived, terrestrial dinosaurs did not. Taking their place as the dominant land and sea tetrapods were mammals, whose radiation was explosive following nonavian dinosaur extinction. The author argues that because of dinosaurs, Mesozoic mammals changed relatively slowly for 145 million years compared to the prodigious Cenozoic radiation that followed. Finally out from under the shadow of the giant reptiles, Cenozoic mammals evolved into the forms we recognize today in a mere ten million years after dinosaur extinction.

Mammals: A Very Short Introduction

Author : T. S. Kemp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191079588
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Mammals: A Very Short Introduction by : T. S. Kemp

Download or read book Mammals: A Very Short Introduction written by T. S. Kemp and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a modest beginning in the form of a little shrew-like, nocturnal, insect eating ancestor that lived 200 million years ago, mammals evolved into the huge variety of different kinds of animals we see today. Many species are still small, and follow the lifestyle of the ancestor, but others have adapted to become large grazers and browsers, like the antelopes, cattle, rhinos, and elephants, or the lions, hyaenas, and wolves that prey upon them. Yet others evolved to be specialist termite eaters able to dig into the hardest mounds, or tunnel creating burrowers, and a few took to the skies as gliders and the bats. Many live partly in the water, such as otters, beavers, and hippos, while whales and dugongs remain permanently in the seas, incapable of ever emerging onto land. In this Very Short Introduction T. S. Kemp explains how it is a tenfold increase in metabolic rate - endothermy or "warm-bloodedness" - that lies behind the high levels of activity, and the relatively huge brain associated with complex, adaptable behaviour that epitomizes mammals. He describes the remarkable fossil record, revealing how and when the mammals gained their characteristics, and the tortuous course of their subsequent evolution, during which many bizarre forms such as sabre-toothed cats, and 30-tonne, 6-m high browsers arose and disappeared. Describing the wonderful adaptations that mammals evolved to suit their varied modes of life, he also looks at those of the mainly arboreal primates that culminated ultimately in Homo sapiens. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Scatter, Adapt, and Remember

Author : Annalee Newitz
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0385535929
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (855 download)

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Book Synopsis Scatter, Adapt, and Remember by : Annalee Newitz

Download or read book Scatter, Adapt, and Remember written by Annalee Newitz and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2013-05-14 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its 4.5 billion–year history, life on Earth has been almost erased at least half a dozen times: shattered by asteroid impacts, entombed in ice, smothered by methane, and torn apart by unfathomably powerful megavolcanoes. And we know that another global disaster is eventually headed our way. Can we survive it? How? As a species, Homo sapiens is at a crossroads. Study of our planet’s turbulent past suggests that we are overdue for a catastrophic disaster, whether caused by nature or by human interference. It’s a frightening prospect, as each of the Earth’s past major disasters—from meteor strikes to bombardment by cosmic radiation—resulted in a mass extinction, where more than 75 percent of the planet’s species died out. But in Scatter, Adapt, and Remember, Annalee Newitz, science journalist and editor of the science Web site io9.com explains that although global disaster is all but inevitable, our chances of long-term species survival are better than ever. Life on Earth has come close to annihilation—humans have, more than once, narrowly avoided extinction just during the last million years—but every single time a few creatures survived, evolving to adapt to the harshest of conditions. This brilliantly speculative work of popular science focuses on humanity’s long history of dodging the bullet, as well as on new threats that we may face in years to come. Most important, it explores how scientific breakthroughs today will help us avoid disasters tomorrow. From simulating tsunamis to studying central Turkey’s ancient underground cities; from cultivating cyanobacteria for “living cities” to designing space elevators to make space colonies cost-effective; from using math to stop pandemics to studying the remarkable survival strategies of gray whales, scientists and researchers the world over are discovering the keys to long-term resilience and learning how humans can choose life over death. Newitz’s remarkable and fascinating journey through the science of mass extinctions is a powerful argument about human ingenuity and our ability to change. In a world populated by doomsday preppers and media commentators obsessively forecasting our demise, Scatter, Adapt, and Remember is a compelling voice of hope. It leads us away from apocalyptic thinking into a future where we live to build a better world—on this planet and perhaps on others. Readers of this book will be equipped scientifically, intellectually, and emotionally to face whatever the future holds.

Events of Increased Biodiversity

Author : Pascal Neige
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081004745
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Events of Increased Biodiversity by : Pascal Neige

Download or read book Events of Increased Biodiversity written by Pascal Neige and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fossil record offers a surprising image: that of evolutionary radiations characterized by intense increases in cash or by the sudden diversification of a single species group, while others stagnate or die out. In a modern world, science carries an often pessimistic message, surrounded by studies of global warming and its effects, extinction crisis, emerging diseases and invasive species. This book fuels frequent "optimism" of the sudden increase in biodiversity by exploring this natural phenomenon. Events of Increased Biodiversity: Evolutionary Radiations in the Fossil Record explores this natural phenomenon of adaptive radiation including its effect on the increase in biodiversity events, their contribution to the changes and limitations in the fossil record, and examines the links between ecology and paleontology's study of radiation. - Details examples of evolutionary radiations - Explicitly addresses the effect of adaptation driven by ecological opportunity - Examines the link between ecology and paleontology's study of adaptive radiation

Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas

Author : Gregory P. Wilson
Publisher : Geological Society of America
ISBN 13 : 0813725038
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas by : Gregory P. Wilson

Download or read book Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas written by Gregory P. Wilson and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The chapters represent a surge of field and laboratory research activity, illustrating the impacts of new and refined methods and tools. This volume explores geologic and biologic history preserved in the strata bounding the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary"--Provided by publisher.

How and Why Species Multiply

Author : Peter R. Grant
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691149992
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis How and Why Species Multiply by : Peter R. Grant

Download or read book How and Why Species Multiply written by Peter R. Grant and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-29 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace the evolutionary history of fourteen different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands that were studied by Charles Darwin.

Handbook of Paleoanthropology

Author : Winfried Henke
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540324747
Total Pages : 2057 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Paleoanthropology by : Winfried Henke

Download or read book Handbook of Paleoanthropology written by Winfried Henke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-10 with total page 2057 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 3-volume handbook brings together contributions by the world ́s leading specialists that reflect the broad spectrum of modern palaeoanthropology, thus presenting an indispensable resource for professionals and students alike. Vol. 1 reviews principles, methods, and approaches, recounting recent advances and state-of-the-art knowledge in phylogenetic analysis, palaeoecology and evolutionary theory and philosophy. Vol. 2 examines primate origins, evolution, behaviour, and adaptive variety, emphasizing integration of fossil data with contemporary knowledge of the behaviour and ecology of living primates in natural environments. Vol. 3 deals with fossil and molecular evidence for the evolution of Homo sapiens and its fossil relatives.

Dinosaur Extinction and the End of an Era

Author : J. David Archibald
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780231076258
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (762 download)

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Book Synopsis Dinosaur Extinction and the End of an Era by : J. David Archibald

Download or read book Dinosaur Extinction and the End of an Era written by J. David Archibald and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broadening the basis of information on the topic of the Cretaceous extinction, this book particularly highlights evidence that points away from the global catastrophic scenario, towards a fossil based theory suggesting that a multitude of factors resulted in the period's radical changes.

In the Light of Evolution

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309444225
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis In the Light of Evolution by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity-the genetic variety of life-is an exuberant product of the evolutionary past, a vast human-supportive resource (aesthetic, intellectual, and material) of the present, and a rich legacy to cherish and preserve for the future. Two urgent challenges, and opportunities, for 21st-century science are to gain deeper insights into the evolutionary processes that foster biotic diversity, and to translate that understanding into workable solutions for the regional and global crises that biodiversity currently faces. A grasp of evolutionary principles and processes is important in other societal arenas as well, such as education, medicine, sociology, and other applied fields including agriculture, pharmacology, and biotechnology. The ramifications of evolutionary thought also extend into learned realms traditionally reserved for philosophy and religion. The central goal of the In the Light of Evolution (ILE) series is to promote the evolutionary sciences through state-of-the-art colloquia-in the series of Arthur M. Sackler colloquia sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences-and their published proceedings. Each installment explores evolutionary perspectives on a particular biological topic that is scientifically intriguing but also has special relevance to contemporary societal issues or challenges. This tenth and final edition of the In the Light of Evolution series focuses on recent developments in phylogeographic research and their relevance to past accomplishments and future research directions.

Horns, Tusks, and Flippers

Author : Donald R. Prothero
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801871351
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (713 download)

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Book Synopsis Horns, Tusks, and Flippers by : Donald R. Prothero

Download or read book Horns, Tusks, and Flippers written by Donald R. Prothero and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the extinction of the dinosaurs, hoofed mammals have been the planet's dominant herbivores. Native to all continents except Australia and Antarctica, recent paleontological and biological discoveries have deepened understanding of their evolution. This text reveals their evolutionary history.

Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres and Ionospheres

Author : Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107145260
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres and Ionospheres by : Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky

Download or read book Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres and Ionospheres written by Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the fundamentals for studying chemical compositions of planetary atmospheres and ionospheres, for graduate students and researchers.

Tempo and Mode in Evolution

Author : George Gaylord Simpson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Tempo and Mode in Evolution by : George Gaylord Simpson

Download or read book Tempo and Mode in Evolution written by George Gaylord Simpson and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals

Author : Henry R. Hermann
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128092955
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals by : Henry R. Hermann

Download or read book Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals written by Henry R. Hermann and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals: The Great Game of Life examines human nature and the influence of evolution, genetics, chemistry, nurture, and the sociopolitical environment as a way of understanding how and why humans behave in aggressive and dominant ways. The book walks us through aggression in other social species, compares and contrasts human behavior to other animals, and then explores specific human behaviors like bullying, abuse, territoriality murder, and war. The book examines both individual and group aggression in different environments including work, school, and the home. It explores common stressors triggering aggressive behaviors, and how individual personalities can be vulnerable to, or resistant to, these stressors. The book closes with an exploration of the cumulative impact of human aggression and dominance on the natural world. - Reviews the influence of evolution, genetics, biochemistry, and nurture on aggression - Explores aggression in multiple species, including insects, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals - Compares human and animal aggressive and dominant behavior - Examines bullying, abuse, territoriality, murder, and war - Includes nonaggressive behavior in displays of respect and tolerance - Highlights aggression triggers from drugs to stress - Discusses individual and group behavior, including organizations and nations - Probes dominance and aggression in religion and politics - Translates the impact of human behavior over time on the natural world

Extinction Bad Genes Or Bad Luck

Author : David Raup
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 9780393309270
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Extinction Bad Genes Or Bad Luck by : David Raup

Download or read book Extinction Bad Genes Or Bad Luck written by David Raup and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1992-11-03 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science of extinction is a lively and moveable feast of scientific speculation and research. Scientist/author David Raup takes the subject of nature's disappearing act to task, covering everything from the Ice Age Blitzkreig to the fate of the marshes on Martha's Vineyard, the extinction of flying reptiles to mankind's impact on tropical reefs. Graphs.

Extinction: Evolution and the End of Man

Author : Michael Boulter
Publisher : HarperCollins UK
ISBN 13 : 0007404867
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Extinction: Evolution and the End of Man by : Michael Boulter

Download or read book Extinction: Evolution and the End of Man written by Michael Boulter and published by HarperCollins UK. This book was released on 2010-10-07 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How long do humans have left on Earth? Using cutting-edge science that revolutionises our understanding of evolution, Michael Boulter explains how we may be closer to our own extinction than we imagined.

Tempo and Mode in Evolution

Author : for the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309552672
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Tempo and Mode in Evolution by : for the National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Tempo and Mode in Evolution written by for the National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-02-09 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since George Gaylord Simpson published Tempo and Mode in Evolution in 1944, discoveries in paleontology and genetics have abounded. This volume brings together the findings and insights of today's leading experts in the study of evolution, including Ayala, W. Ford Doolittle, and Stephen Jay Gould. The volume examines early cellular evolution, explores changes in the tempo of evolution between the Precambrian and Phanerozoic periods, and reconstructs the Cambrian evolutionary burst. Long-neglected despite Darwin's interest in it, species extinction is discussed in detail. Although the absence of data kept Simpson from exploring human evolution in his book, the current volume covers morphological and genetic changes in human populations, contradicting the popular claim that all modern humans descend from a single woman. This book discusses the role of molecular clocks, the results of evolution in 12 populations of Escherichia coli propagated for 10,000 generations, a physical map of Drosophila chromosomes, and evidence for "hitchhiking" by mutations.

The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation

Author : Dolph Schluter
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191588326
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation by : Dolph Schluter

Download or read book The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation written by Dolph Schluter and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive radiation is the evolution of diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage. It can cause a single ancestral species to differentiate into an impressively vast array of species inhabiting a variety of environments. Much of life's diversity has arisen during adaptive radiations. Some of the most famous recent examples include the East African cichlid fishes, the Hawaiian silverswords, and of course, Darwin's Gal--aacute--;pagos finches,. This book evaluates the causes of adaptive radiation. It focuses on the 'ecological' theory of adaptive radiation, a body of ideas that began with Darwin and was developed through the early part of the 20th Century. This theory proposes that phenotypic divergence and speciation in adaptive radiation are caused ultimately by divergent natural selection arising from differences in environment and competition between species. In The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation the author re-evaluates the ecological theory, along with its most significant extensions and challenges, in the light of all the recent evidence. This important book is the first full exploration of the causes of adaptive radiation to be published for decades, written by one of the world's best young evolutionary biologists.